Menikahi Wanita Hamil Karena Zina Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan
ABSTRAK
Perkawinan merupakan ikatan antara dua insan manusia yang selalu melewati
berbagai proses dan persoalan. Salah-satunya,menikahi wanita hamil karena zina
Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaturan tentang zina, status dan akibat hukum dari
menikahi wanita hamil karena zina dalam perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undangundang Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.
Penelitian ini adakah yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Teknik
pengumpulan data melalui penelitian kepustakaan yang berasal dari bahan-bahan
hukum dari Hukum Islam dan UU. No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan serta
penelitian lapangan dalam bentuk wawancara. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa
pengaturan zina telah secara jelas diatur dalam Hukum Islam. Pelaku zina yang telah
menikah dihukum rajam dan pelaku zina yang belum menikah dihukum cambuk,
serta diasingkan selama satu tahun. Sedangkan dalam UU Perkawinan, hanya
mengatur tentang status anak dari hasil hubungan zina yang memiliki hubungan
perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya. Perbuatan zina hanya diatur dalam
KUHP dan Qanun Aceh No. 6/2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat yang berlaku di Aceh.
Adapun status hukum menikahi wanita hamil karena zina dalam Hukum Islam adalah
sah bagi pria yang menghamilinya. Sedangkan bagi pria yang bukan menghamilinya,
terjadi perbedaan pendapat tentang keabsahannya status pernikahannya. Sedangkan
menurut UU Perkawinan, menikahi wanita hamil karena zina secara tersirat
menyatakan sah, jika dilakukan menurut hukum agama masing-masing pasangan.
Bagi umat Islam Indonesia, sah menikahi wanita hamil karena zina, jika yang
menikahi tersebut merupakan orang yang menghamilinya.
Akibat hukum menikahi wanita hamil karena zina menurut Hukum Islam anak
yang dilahirkan setelah enam bulan perkawinan memiliki hubungan nasab, perwalian,
waris dan hak nafkah dari kedua orang tuanya. Namun, jika anak tersebut lahir
sebelum enam bulan pernikahan, maka tidak memiliki hubungan nasab, perwalian,
waris dan hak nafkah dari bapaknya, kecuali adanya pengakuan dan pembuktian
terhadap hubungan biologis anak tersebut. Sedangkan menurut UU Perkawinan,
akibat hukumnya adalah anak yang dilahirkan memiliki hubungan nasab, wali nikah,
kewarisan dan hak nafkah dari bapak yang menikahi ibunya, selama wanita hamil
tersebut dinikahi dalam perkawinan yang sah. Namun, bagi anak di luar pernikahan
yang sah, selain memiliki hak perdata dari ibu kandungnya, juga memiliki hak nafkah
dari ayah biologisnya, selama dapat dibuktikan secara ilmiah berdasarkan putusan
Mahkamah Konstitusi tahun 2012. Disarankan kepada pemerintah untuk membuat
aturan hukum pemberian sanksi kepada pelaku zina. KUA hendaknyadiperluas
wewenang untuk meminta rekomendasi dokter bagi pengantin perempuan untuk
memperjelas kehamilannya sebagai syarat untuk dikawinkan dan pasangan yang
menikah hendaknya bertaubat dan memahami akibat hukum dari pernikahan tersebut.
Kata kunci: pernikahan; perzinahan; wanita hamil karena zina.
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
A marriage is wedlock between two persons after passing various processes
and problems. One of them is marrying a pregnant woman because of adultery. The
research analyzed the regulation on adultery, status and legal consequences of
marrying pregnant woman because of adultery from the perspective of the Islamic
law and Law No 1/1974 on Marriage.
The research used judicial normative and descriptive analytic method. The
data were gathered by conducting library research which came from legal materials
from the Islamic law and Law No 1/1974 on Marriage and from field research in the
form of interviews. The conclusion of the research was that the regulation on adultery
is stipulated in the Islamic law. The perpetrator who has been married will be
punished by rajam (stoned to death) and the perpetrator who is single will be
punished by being whipped or segregated for one year. Meanwhile, Law on Marriage
only regulates the status of a child from adultery in civil law with his mother and with
his mother’s relatives. Adultery is only regulated in the Penal Code and Aceh Qanun
No. 6/2014 on Jinayat law which is in effect in Aceh. Legal status in the Islamic law
of a marriage with pregnant a woman because of adultery is valid for the man who
has made her pregnant, while there is different opinion about the validity of marriage
of a man who does not make her pregnant. According to the Marriage Law, a
marriage with a pregnant woman is valid when it is done according to the couple’s
religion. For the Indonesian Moslems, a marriage with a pregnant woman is valid
when the man himself has made the woman pregnant.
The legal consequence of marrying a pregnant woman because of adultery is
that the child who is born after the sixth month of marriage has relationship in
kinship, guardianship, inheritance, and livelihood with his parents. However, if the
child is born before the sixth month of marriage, he has not relationship in kinship,
guardianship, inheritance, and livelihood with his father except there is evidence
about their biological relationship. According to Marriage Law, the legal
consequence of the child has the the relationship in kinship, guardianship,
inheritance, and livelihood with the man who has married his mother since the
pregnant woman is married legitimately. However, a child who is born from
illegitimate marriage, will get the civil right from his mother and has the right for
livelihood from his biological father when it can be proved scientifically based on the
Ruling of the Constitutional Court in 2012. It is recommended that the government
make a law on the sanction upon those who commit adultery. KUA (Religious Affairs
Office0 should extend their authority by asking doctors’ recommendation about a
woman’s pregnancy as the requirement for her marriage and the couple who want to
get married should repent and understand the legal consequences of the marriage.
Keywords: Marriage, Adultery, Pregnant Woman Because of Adultery
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Perkawinan merupakan ikatan antara dua insan manusia yang selalu melewati
berbagai proses dan persoalan. Salah-satunya,menikahi wanita hamil karena zina
Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaturan tentang zina, status dan akibat hukum dari
menikahi wanita hamil karena zina dalam perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undangundang Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.
Penelitian ini adakah yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Teknik
pengumpulan data melalui penelitian kepustakaan yang berasal dari bahan-bahan
hukum dari Hukum Islam dan UU. No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan serta
penelitian lapangan dalam bentuk wawancara. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa
pengaturan zina telah secara jelas diatur dalam Hukum Islam. Pelaku zina yang telah
menikah dihukum rajam dan pelaku zina yang belum menikah dihukum cambuk,
serta diasingkan selama satu tahun. Sedangkan dalam UU Perkawinan, hanya
mengatur tentang status anak dari hasil hubungan zina yang memiliki hubungan
perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya. Perbuatan zina hanya diatur dalam
KUHP dan Qanun Aceh No. 6/2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat yang berlaku di Aceh.
Adapun status hukum menikahi wanita hamil karena zina dalam Hukum Islam adalah
sah bagi pria yang menghamilinya. Sedangkan bagi pria yang bukan menghamilinya,
terjadi perbedaan pendapat tentang keabsahannya status pernikahannya. Sedangkan
menurut UU Perkawinan, menikahi wanita hamil karena zina secara tersirat
menyatakan sah, jika dilakukan menurut hukum agama masing-masing pasangan.
Bagi umat Islam Indonesia, sah menikahi wanita hamil karena zina, jika yang
menikahi tersebut merupakan orang yang menghamilinya.
Akibat hukum menikahi wanita hamil karena zina menurut Hukum Islam anak
yang dilahirkan setelah enam bulan perkawinan memiliki hubungan nasab, perwalian,
waris dan hak nafkah dari kedua orang tuanya. Namun, jika anak tersebut lahir
sebelum enam bulan pernikahan, maka tidak memiliki hubungan nasab, perwalian,
waris dan hak nafkah dari bapaknya, kecuali adanya pengakuan dan pembuktian
terhadap hubungan biologis anak tersebut. Sedangkan menurut UU Perkawinan,
akibat hukumnya adalah anak yang dilahirkan memiliki hubungan nasab, wali nikah,
kewarisan dan hak nafkah dari bapak yang menikahi ibunya, selama wanita hamil
tersebut dinikahi dalam perkawinan yang sah. Namun, bagi anak di luar pernikahan
yang sah, selain memiliki hak perdata dari ibu kandungnya, juga memiliki hak nafkah
dari ayah biologisnya, selama dapat dibuktikan secara ilmiah berdasarkan putusan
Mahkamah Konstitusi tahun 2012. Disarankan kepada pemerintah untuk membuat
aturan hukum pemberian sanksi kepada pelaku zina. KUA hendaknyadiperluas
wewenang untuk meminta rekomendasi dokter bagi pengantin perempuan untuk
memperjelas kehamilannya sebagai syarat untuk dikawinkan dan pasangan yang
menikah hendaknya bertaubat dan memahami akibat hukum dari pernikahan tersebut.
Kata kunci: pernikahan; perzinahan; wanita hamil karena zina.
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
A marriage is wedlock between two persons after passing various processes
and problems. One of them is marrying a pregnant woman because of adultery. The
research analyzed the regulation on adultery, status and legal consequences of
marrying pregnant woman because of adultery from the perspective of the Islamic
law and Law No 1/1974 on Marriage.
The research used judicial normative and descriptive analytic method. The
data were gathered by conducting library research which came from legal materials
from the Islamic law and Law No 1/1974 on Marriage and from field research in the
form of interviews. The conclusion of the research was that the regulation on adultery
is stipulated in the Islamic law. The perpetrator who has been married will be
punished by rajam (stoned to death) and the perpetrator who is single will be
punished by being whipped or segregated for one year. Meanwhile, Law on Marriage
only regulates the status of a child from adultery in civil law with his mother and with
his mother’s relatives. Adultery is only regulated in the Penal Code and Aceh Qanun
No. 6/2014 on Jinayat law which is in effect in Aceh. Legal status in the Islamic law
of a marriage with pregnant a woman because of adultery is valid for the man who
has made her pregnant, while there is different opinion about the validity of marriage
of a man who does not make her pregnant. According to the Marriage Law, a
marriage with a pregnant woman is valid when it is done according to the couple’s
religion. For the Indonesian Moslems, a marriage with a pregnant woman is valid
when the man himself has made the woman pregnant.
The legal consequence of marrying a pregnant woman because of adultery is
that the child who is born after the sixth month of marriage has relationship in
kinship, guardianship, inheritance, and livelihood with his parents. However, if the
child is born before the sixth month of marriage, he has not relationship in kinship,
guardianship, inheritance, and livelihood with his father except there is evidence
about their biological relationship. According to Marriage Law, the legal
consequence of the child has the the relationship in kinship, guardianship,
inheritance, and livelihood with the man who has married his mother since the
pregnant woman is married legitimately. However, a child who is born from
illegitimate marriage, will get the civil right from his mother and has the right for
livelihood from his biological father when it can be proved scientifically based on the
Ruling of the Constitutional Court in 2012. It is recommended that the government
make a law on the sanction upon those who commit adultery. KUA (Religious Affairs
Office0 should extend their authority by asking doctors’ recommendation about a
woman’s pregnancy as the requirement for her marriage and the couple who want to
get married should repent and understand the legal consequences of the marriage.
Keywords: Marriage, Adultery, Pregnant Woman Because of Adultery
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara