THE EFFECTIVENESS PAUL’S WHEEL TO INCREASE STUDENT’S CRITICAL THINKING IN READING EXPLANATION TEXT FOR TEN GRADER MUHAMMADIYAH 2 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF SURABAYA THESIS

umsurabaya Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya

A THESIS THE EFFECTIVENESS PAUL’S WHEEL TO INCREASE STUDENTS’S CRITICAL THINKING IN READING EXPLANATION TEXT FOR TEN GRADER MUHAMMADIYAH

THE EFFECTIVENESS PAUL’S WHEEL TO INCREASE STUDENT’S CRITICAL THINKING IN READING EXPLANATION TEXT FOR TEN GRADER

MUHAMMADIYAH 2 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF SURABAYA

THESIS

Presented to

Muhammadiyah University of Surabayain Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English Language Education Program

AJENG KURNIASARI

NIM. 20131111002

ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA

2017

THE EFFECTIVENESS PAUL’S WHEEL TO INCREASE STUDENT’S CRITICAL THINKING IN READING EXPLANATION TEXT FOR TEN GRADER MUHAMMADIYAH 2 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF SURABAYA SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar SARJANA PENDIDIKAN AJENG KURNIASARI NIM. 20131111002 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURABAYA 2017

MOTTO AND DEDICATION MOTTO : Everythings happen because a reason Be Grateful DEDICATION : My beloved parents, And my sister HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING Skripsi yang ditulis oleh Ajeng Kurniasari ini telah disetujui oleh Dosen Pembimbing untuk diujikan pada tanggal : 4 Agustus 2017

Dosen Pembimbing Tanda Tangan Tanggal I.

Gusti Nur Hafifah, M.Pd.

....................... ....................

....................... .....................

II. Vega Hesmatantya S.Pd, M.Pd

Mengetahui, Ketua Program Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Drs. H. Wijayadi, M.Pd.

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN

Skripsi ini telah diuji dan dinyatakan sah oleh Panitia Ujian Tingkat Sarjana (S1) Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar SARJANA PENDIDIKAN, pada tanggal 4 Agustus 2017

Dosen Penguji Tanda Tangan Tanggal 1.

Gusti Nur Hafifah, S.Pd, M.Pd ……………… ……………… 2.

Sulton Dedi Wijaya, M.Pd ……………… ……………… 3.

Linda Mayasari, S.Pd, M,Pd ……………… ………………

Mengetahui Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya Dekan,

Endah Hendarwati, S.E, M.Pd. Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Ajeng Kurniasari NIM : 20131111002 Fakultas : Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Program Studi : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Menyatakan bahwa Skripsi/KTI/Tesis yang saya tulis ini benar-benar tulisan karya sendiri bukan hasil plagiasi, baik sebagian maupun keseluruhan. Bila dikemudian hari terbukti hasil plagiasi, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi akademik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.

Surabaya, 31 Juli 2017 Yang membuat pernyataan,

Ajeng Kurniasari (20131111002)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, all praises and gratitude are to Allah SWT for blessing, strength, and guidance. Sholawat and salam are dedicated to my beloved prophet Muhammad SAW.

The researcher realizes that he would not be able to finsh this final report without support from many people. The researcher would like to deliver deepest gratitude to :

1. Drs. H. Wijayadi M.Pd as the Head of English Department Program.

Gusti Nur Hafifah, S.Pd., M.Pd as first advisor. A great thanks for your time, advices, constructives, supports, and patience.

3. Vega Hesmatantya, S.Pd., M.Pd as second advisor. A great thanks for your contributions, support, and advices.

4. All lectures of the English Department who have taught the worthy knowledge as a preparation for the future and improvementin her ability.

5. Astajab, S.Pd.,M.M as Head of Muhammadiyah 2 Senior High School, Rimba Ayu S.

Hum as English teacher, All members of Mipa 1, 2, 8 who are also give supports, contribution, and opportunity to do the research.

6. My beloved parents (Ibunda Marsani and Ayahanda Nasiyono ) who always love, pray, support and also motivate me during my study until completing this thesis.

7. My beloved sister ( Putri Permatasari ) who always cheer up my days 8.

My best friend Dwi Putri Marshella, Ratih Masruroh, Nur Suci Romadloni who remain still as a unity to stand up until now.

9. All my students who always give spirit and motivate my days 10.

All the members of English Department, especially (Encik, Annisa, Dwi, Wahyu, Muhin, Tenny, Fanda and other friends especially for eight semester students(Ciee Class). Thanks for the togetherness.

11. All people whose names could not be mentioned one by one. Thank you for everything.

Finally, the writer realizes that the research is far from being perfect. The researcher welcomes any endorsing suggestions and critiques. At least, the researcher greatly expects that this research will be useful and able to give contribution for the academis study and future research.

Surabaya, 22 July 2017 NIM. 20131111002

TABLE OF CONTENTS HALAMAN SAMPUL ....................................................................................

HALAMAN LOGO ......................................................................................... HALAMAN JUDUL ....................................................................................... MOTTO AND DEDICATION ....................................................................... LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................ LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... viii LIST OF CHARTS .......................................................................................... ix LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................

1.1

1 Background of The Research ....................................................................

1.2

3 Statements of The Problems ...................................................................

1.3

3 Hypothesis..................................................................................................

1.4

4 Objective of The Research .......................................................................

1.5

4 Scope and Limitation of The Research .....................................................

1.6

4 Significance of The Research ...................................................................

1.7

5 Definition of Key Terms ...........................................................................

CHAPTER II REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE ............................

2.1 Definition of Reading ...............................................................................

6 2.2 The Reading Process ..................................................................................

8 2.3 Reading Comprehension ...........................................................................

9 2.4 Strategies for Reading Comprehension ....................................................

10 2.5 Teaching Reading .....................................................................................

11 2.5.1 Principles for Teaching Reading .....................................................

12 2.6 Explanation Text .......................................................................................

2.6.2 Grammatical Features of Explanation Text ....................................

33 3.4.1 Pre-Test ............................................................................................

39 3.7.6.1 Validity ..................................................................................

39 3.7.6 Validity and Reliability .....................................................................

38 3.7.5 T- Test ................................................................................................

38 3.7.4 Computing Standard Deviation ..........................................................

38 3.7.3 Computing Mean .............................................................................

37 3.7.2 Homogenity Test ..............................................................................

37 3.7.1 Normality Test ..................................................................................

37 3.7 Quantitative Data Analysis Technique ......................................................

36 3.6 Data Collection Technique .......................................................................

35 3.5.1 The Procedure of Collecting Data ....................................................

3.4.3 Paul’s Wheel of Reasoning Rubric .................................................. 34 3.5 Research Procedure ...................................................................................

34 3.4.2 Post Test ............................................................................................

33 3.4 Research Instruments ................................................................................

32 3.3 Research Variables ....................................................................................

32 3.2.2 Sampling ..........................................................................................

32 3.2.1 Population ........................................................................................

30 3.2 Population and Sampling ...........................................................................

3.1 Research Design ........................................................................................

28 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...........................................

27 2.9 Previous Study ..........................................................................................

26 2.8.4 Principle Critical Thinking .............................................................

24 2.8.3 Teaching Critical Thinking .............................................................

22 2.8.2 Critical Thinking Process .................................................................

2.8.1 Definition of Critical Thinking Skill ...............................................

2.7.2 The Implementation of Paul’s Wheel Strategy ............................... 21 2.8 Critical Thinking Skill ..............................................................................

2.7.1 The Adventages of Paul’s Wheel Strategy ..................................... 18

2.7 Nature of Paul’s Wheel Strategy ............................................................... 15

3.7.6.2 Reliability ...............................................................................

42 3.8 Qualitative Data Analysis Technique ........................................................

43 CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION ............................................

4.1 The Effectiveness of Paul’s Wheel Strategy in Increasing Students’ Critical Thinking in Reading Explanation Text .........................................

44 4.1.1 The Pre-test Score of Both Classes ...................................................

45 4.1.2 The Post - Test Score of Both Classes ..............................................

4.1.3 The Precentage Student’s Score Improvement of Passsing Grade 4.1.4.1 Test of Normality Distribution of Both Classes (pre-test) .........

49 4.1.4.2 Test of Normality Distribution of Both Classes (post-test) .......

50 4.1.5 Homogenity Test ..............................................................................

50 4.1.6 T - Test ............................................................................................

4.2 How the Paul’s Wheel Strategy Enhances Student’s Critical Thinking in Reading Explanation Text ......................................................

4.2.1 The Implementation of Paul’s Wheel Strategy ................................... 52

4.2.2 Aspect of Critical Thinking in Paul’s Wheel Strategy ...................... 54

4.2.3 The Analysis of Paul’s Wheel Strategy Enhances Student’s Critical Thinking in Reading Explanation Text ..................................

57 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...................................

5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................

65 5.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................

66 References ........................................................................................................

LIST OF TABLES Pages Table 3.1 The Conducting Data Schedule ......................................................

35 Table 3.2 The Result of Validity.....................................................................

40 Table 3.3 List of Validator ..............................................................................

41 Test’s Score of Experimental and Control Class ..................... 45

Table 4.2 Post-

Test’s Score of Experimental and Control Class ..................... 46

Table 4.3 The numbers of student execedding of Passing Grade in Pre-Test and Post-Test (experimental class ) .................................

47 Table 4.4 The number of student execedding of passing grade in pre-test and post-test (controlled class) ............................................................

47 Table 4.5 The comparison percentage of Post-Test for controlled and Experimental class .......................................................................

48 Table 4.6 Result of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) 1 ...........................................

49 Table 4.7 Result of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) 2 ...........................................

50 Table 4.8 Test of Homogenity Variances ..........................................................

50 Table 4.9 T- test .................................................................................................

LIST OF FIGURES

Pages

Figure 2.1 The Element of Thought ................................................................ 16Figure 2.2 Intellectual Standard ...................................................................... 18Figure 2.3 Paul’s Wheel of Reasoning ........................................................... 22Figure 2.5 Thinking Process ........................................................................... 25Figure 3.1 Explanatory Sequantial Design Model .......................................... 30 explore The Effectiveness Paul’s Wheel Strategy to Increase

Students’ Critical Thinking in Reading Explanation text .............. 31

LIST OF CHARTS

Pages Chart 4.1 The Impact of Critical Thinking Aspect Show in the Test Improvement (Percentage) ......................................................... 55 Chart 4.2 The Impact of Critical Thinking Aspect Show in the Test Improvement (Pre and Post Test)............................................... 60 Chart 4.3 The Improvement of Paul’s Wheel Aspect ...................................... 61

LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages Appendix 1 Lesson Plan (Experimental Class) ...............................................

67 Appendix 2 Lesson Plan (Control Class) .........................................................

80 Appendix 3 Silabus Bhs.inggris Peminatan kelas 10.......................................

86 Appendix 4 Try - Out ......................................................................................

91 Appendix 5 Pre - Test ......................................................................................

93 Appendix 6 Explanation Text Material............................................................

95 Appendix 8 Lembar Soal .................................................................................

99 Appendix 9 Kunci Jawaban ............................................................................. 101 Appendix 10 List of Experimental Class ......................................................... 103 Appendix 11 List of Control Class .................................................................. 104 Appendix 12 Pre-

Test’s Score of Controlled Class ......................................... 105 Appendix 13 Pre-

Test’s Score of Experimental Class .................................... 106 Appendix 14 Post-

Test’s Score of Controlled Class ....................................... 107 Appendix 15 Post-

Test’s Score of Experimental Class ................................... 108 Appendix 16 Validity and Reliability Test ...................................................... 109 Appendix 17 T-Test ........................................................................................ 111 Appendix 18 Teacher Interview ...................................................................... 112 Appendix 19 Observation Checklist ................................................................ 113 Appendix 20 Paul’s Wheel OF Reasoning Rubric .......................................... 114 Appendix 21 Transcribe of Introduction Activity ........................................... 116 Appendix 22 Transcribe of Main Activity ....................................................... 119

Appendix 23 The Implementation of Paul’s Wheel Strategy .......................... 121

Appendix 24 t- Table ...................................................................................... 123 Appendix 25 Table of Reliability Person Product Moment ............................ 124 Appendix 26 Pictures of Activities ................................................................ 125

THE EFFECTIVENESS PAUL’S WHEEL TO INCREASE STUDENT’S CRITICAL THINKING IN READING EXPLANATION TEXT FOR TEN GRADER MUHAMMADIYAH 2 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF SURABAYA THESIS