T BING 1407335 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Cover .............................................................................................................
Approval .......................................................................................................
iii
Statement of Authorization .........................................................................
iv
Acknowledgements .......................................................................................
v
Abstract .........................................................................................................
vi
Table of Contents .........................................................................................
vii
List of Tables ................................................................................................
x
List of Charts ................................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................
1
1. 1. Background of the Study ......................................................................
1
1. 2. Research Questions ..............................................................................
4
1. 3. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................
5
1. 4. Significance of the Study .....................................................................
5
1. 5. Operational Definition ........................................................................
5
1. 6. Organization of the Study ....................................................................
7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................
8
2 .1. Discovery Learning ..............................................................................
8
2.1.1 The Objectives of Discovery Learning .......................................
11
2.1.2 The Teacher Roles in the Discovery Learning ............................
12
2.1.3 Discovery Learning Implementation in the Classroom...............
15
2.1.3.1 Attributes of Discovery Learning .................................
15
2.1.3.2 Preparation Stage of Discovery Learning Implementation 16
2.1.3.3 The Implementation Procedure of Discovery Learning
18
2.1.4 The Benefits and Shortage of Discovery Learning .....................
23
2 .2. Text Types ............................................................................................
24
2 .3. Descriptive Text....................................................................................
28
2.3.1 The Definition of Descriptive Text .............................................
28
vii
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3.2 Structure of Formal Description..................................................
29
2.3.3 Grammatical Feature of Descriptive Text ...................................
31
2 .4. Speaking Skills and Teaching Spoken Production ...............................
32
2.4.1 The Definition of Speaking Skills ...............................................
32
2.4.2 Speaking Goals ............................................................................
33
2.4.3 Factors Supporting Speaking Activities ......................................
33
2.4.4 Factors Inhibiting Speaking Activity ..........................................
34
2.4.5 Teaching Spoken Production of Descriptive Texts through
Discovery Learning .....................................................................
35
2 .5. Students’ attitude towards English Language Teaching .......................
37
2 .6. Related Previous Studies .....................................................................
39
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ...........................................................
45
3. 1. Research Questions ...............................................................................
45
3. 2. Research Design ..................................................................................
45
3. 3. Research site .........................................................................................
46
3. 4. Participants ...........................................................................................
48
3. 5. Techniques of Collecting the Data .......................................................
49
3.5.1 Instrumentations ..........................................................................
49
3.5.1.1 Observations checklist ..............................................................
49
3.5.1.2 Interview guideline ...................................................................
50
3.5.1.3 Questionnaire ............................................................................
51
3. 6. Data Collection Procedures .................................................................
52
3.6.1 Observation .................................................................................
52
3.6.2 Interview......................................................................................
53
3.6.3 Questionnaire ..............................................................................
54
3. 7. Data Analysis Procedures ....................................................................
56
3.7.1 Analysis of the Classroom Observation Data .............................
56
3.7.2 Analysis of the Interview Data ....................................................
56
3.7.3 Analysis of the Questionnaire .....................................................
57
viii
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER IV STUDY RESULTS .............................................................
58
4.1
The Steps of Teaching Descriptive Text through Discovery Learning
58
4.1.1 Stimulation (stimulate/giving stimulus) ......................................
59
4.1.2 Problem Statement ......................................................................
60
4.1.3 Data Collection ............................................................................
62
4.1.4 Data Processing ...........................................................................
63
4.1.5 Verification..................................................................................
64
4.1.6 Generalization .............................................................................
66
Data Discussion from Classroom Observation .....................................
67
4.2.1 Preliminary-Activities .................................................................
67
4.2.2 Core-Activities ............................................................................
70
4.2.3 Post-Activities .............................................................................
73
4.3
Data Discussion from Teacher Interviews ............................................
74
4.4
Data Discussion from Students Questionnaire .....................................
82
4.4.1 Behavioral Components of Students’ Attitude............................
85
4.4.2 Cognitive Components of Students’ Attitude .............................
89
4.4.3 Affective Components of Students’ Attitude ..............................
92
4.4.4 Overall Computation Components of the Students’ Attitude .....
95
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................
98
5.1
Conclusion ............................................................................................
98
5.2
Recommendation ..................................................................................
101
5.3
Limitation of the Study .........................................................................
101
Bibliography ..................................................................................................
103
Appendices ....................................................................................................
115
4.2
ix
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Pages
2.1
Kinds of Grammatical Feature of Descriptive Text .............................
31
3.1
Categories of Questionnaire .................................................................
55
4.1
The summary of observation result (the components of stimulation) ..
59
4.2
The summary of observation result (the components of
problem statement) ...............................................................................
4.3
The summary of observation result (the components of
data collection)......................................................................................
4.4
60
62
The summary of observation result (the components of
data processing) ....................................................................................
63
4.5
The summary of observation result (the components of verification) ..
64
4.6
The summary of observation result (the components of generalization) 66
4.7
Summary of Various Activities in the Preliminary-Activities .............
68
4.8
Summary of Various Activities in the Main-Activities ........................
71
4.9
Summary of Various Activities in Post-Activities ...............................
73
4.10 The Result of the Five-Point Score of a Likert Scale Questionnaire
Analysis ................................................................................................
83
4.11 The Result of Behavioral Components Analysis ..................................
86
4.12 The Calculation Score of Behavioral Components ..............................
86
4.13 The Result of Cognitive Components Analysis ...................................
89
4.14 The Calculation Score of Cognitive Components ................................
90
4.15 The Result of Affective Components Analysis ....................................
93
4.16 The Calculation Score of Affective Components .................................
93
4.17 Overall Computation Components of Students’ Attitude.....................
95
x
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF CHARTS
Chart
Pages
4.1
Behavioral Components of Students’ Attitude .....................................
87
4.2
Cognitive Components of Students’ Attitude .......................................
90
4.3
Affective Components of Students’ Attitude .......................................
94
xi
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xii
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Pages
Cover .............................................................................................................
Approval .......................................................................................................
iii
Statement of Authorization .........................................................................
iv
Acknowledgements .......................................................................................
v
Abstract .........................................................................................................
vi
Table of Contents .........................................................................................
vii
List of Tables ................................................................................................
x
List of Charts ................................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................
1
1. 1. Background of the Study ......................................................................
1
1. 2. Research Questions ..............................................................................
4
1. 3. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................
5
1. 4. Significance of the Study .....................................................................
5
1. 5. Operational Definition ........................................................................
5
1. 6. Organization of the Study ....................................................................
7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................
8
2 .1. Discovery Learning ..............................................................................
8
2.1.1 The Objectives of Discovery Learning .......................................
11
2.1.2 The Teacher Roles in the Discovery Learning ............................
12
2.1.3 Discovery Learning Implementation in the Classroom...............
15
2.1.3.1 Attributes of Discovery Learning .................................
15
2.1.3.2 Preparation Stage of Discovery Learning Implementation 16
2.1.3.3 The Implementation Procedure of Discovery Learning
18
2.1.4 The Benefits and Shortage of Discovery Learning .....................
23
2 .2. Text Types ............................................................................................
24
2 .3. Descriptive Text....................................................................................
28
2.3.1 The Definition of Descriptive Text .............................................
28
vii
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3.2 Structure of Formal Description..................................................
29
2.3.3 Grammatical Feature of Descriptive Text ...................................
31
2 .4. Speaking Skills and Teaching Spoken Production ...............................
32
2.4.1 The Definition of Speaking Skills ...............................................
32
2.4.2 Speaking Goals ............................................................................
33
2.4.3 Factors Supporting Speaking Activities ......................................
33
2.4.4 Factors Inhibiting Speaking Activity ..........................................
34
2.4.5 Teaching Spoken Production of Descriptive Texts through
Discovery Learning .....................................................................
35
2 .5. Students’ attitude towards English Language Teaching .......................
37
2 .6. Related Previous Studies .....................................................................
39
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ...........................................................
45
3. 1. Research Questions ...............................................................................
45
3. 2. Research Design ..................................................................................
45
3. 3. Research site .........................................................................................
46
3. 4. Participants ...........................................................................................
48
3. 5. Techniques of Collecting the Data .......................................................
49
3.5.1 Instrumentations ..........................................................................
49
3.5.1.1 Observations checklist ..............................................................
49
3.5.1.2 Interview guideline ...................................................................
50
3.5.1.3 Questionnaire ............................................................................
51
3. 6. Data Collection Procedures .................................................................
52
3.6.1 Observation .................................................................................
52
3.6.2 Interview......................................................................................
53
3.6.3 Questionnaire ..............................................................................
54
3. 7. Data Analysis Procedures ....................................................................
56
3.7.1 Analysis of the Classroom Observation Data .............................
56
3.7.2 Analysis of the Interview Data ....................................................
56
3.7.3 Analysis of the Questionnaire .....................................................
57
viii
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER IV STUDY RESULTS .............................................................
58
4.1
The Steps of Teaching Descriptive Text through Discovery Learning
58
4.1.1 Stimulation (stimulate/giving stimulus) ......................................
59
4.1.2 Problem Statement ......................................................................
60
4.1.3 Data Collection ............................................................................
62
4.1.4 Data Processing ...........................................................................
63
4.1.5 Verification..................................................................................
64
4.1.6 Generalization .............................................................................
66
Data Discussion from Classroom Observation .....................................
67
4.2.1 Preliminary-Activities .................................................................
67
4.2.2 Core-Activities ............................................................................
70
4.2.3 Post-Activities .............................................................................
73
4.3
Data Discussion from Teacher Interviews ............................................
74
4.4
Data Discussion from Students Questionnaire .....................................
82
4.4.1 Behavioral Components of Students’ Attitude............................
85
4.4.2 Cognitive Components of Students’ Attitude .............................
89
4.4.3 Affective Components of Students’ Attitude ..............................
92
4.4.4 Overall Computation Components of the Students’ Attitude .....
95
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................
98
5.1
Conclusion ............................................................................................
98
5.2
Recommendation ..................................................................................
101
5.3
Limitation of the Study .........................................................................
101
Bibliography ..................................................................................................
103
Appendices ....................................................................................................
115
4.2
ix
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Pages
2.1
Kinds of Grammatical Feature of Descriptive Text .............................
31
3.1
Categories of Questionnaire .................................................................
55
4.1
The summary of observation result (the components of stimulation) ..
59
4.2
The summary of observation result (the components of
problem statement) ...............................................................................
4.3
The summary of observation result (the components of
data collection)......................................................................................
4.4
60
62
The summary of observation result (the components of
data processing) ....................................................................................
63
4.5
The summary of observation result (the components of verification) ..
64
4.6
The summary of observation result (the components of generalization) 66
4.7
Summary of Various Activities in the Preliminary-Activities .............
68
4.8
Summary of Various Activities in the Main-Activities ........................
71
4.9
Summary of Various Activities in Post-Activities ...............................
73
4.10 The Result of the Five-Point Score of a Likert Scale Questionnaire
Analysis ................................................................................................
83
4.11 The Result of Behavioral Components Analysis ..................................
86
4.12 The Calculation Score of Behavioral Components ..............................
86
4.13 The Result of Cognitive Components Analysis ...................................
89
4.14 The Calculation Score of Cognitive Components ................................
90
4.15 The Result of Affective Components Analysis ....................................
93
4.16 The Calculation Score of Affective Components .................................
93
4.17 Overall Computation Components of Students’ Attitude.....................
95
x
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF CHARTS
Chart
Pages
4.1
Behavioral Components of Students’ Attitude .....................................
87
4.2
Cognitive Components of Students’ Attitude .......................................
90
4.3
Affective Components of Students’ Attitude .......................................
94
xi
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xii
Rezki Firdaus, 2016
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) FOR TEACHING SPOKEN PRODUCTION
OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu