t bing 0907565 table of content

T AB LE O F CO NT ENT
Page:
APPROVAL PAGE .............................................................................................................. i
DECLARATION ......................................................................................................... ii
PREFACE .................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... vi
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................ viii
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ...................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Questions .............................................................................................. 3
1.3 Purpose of the study ............................................................................................. 3
1.4 Scope of the study ................................................................................... 4
1.5 Significance of the study ...................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Notions of Cooperative Learning on Language Learning ................................ 6
2. 1.1 Constructivism ............................................................................................ 8
2.1.2 Humanistic psychology .................................................................................. 9
2.2 Notions of Cooperative Learning ......................................................................... 11

2.3 Notions of Cooperative Learning Method ............................................................ 13
2.4 Elements of Cooperative Learning ....................................................................... 15
2.4.1 Heterogeneous Teams ................................................................................ 16
2.4.2 Promote face-to-face interaction ................................................................ 17
2.4.3 Interpersonal and small group skills .......................................................... 17
2.4.4 Group Processing ....................................................................................... 18
2.5 Types of Cooperative Learning .................................................................... 20
2.5.1 Formal learning groups .............................................................................. 21
2.5.2 Informal learning groups ............................................................................ 22
2.5.3 Base learning groups .................................................................................. 23
2.6 Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) ................................................. 24
2.7 The principle of Cooperative Learning ............................................................... 25
2.7.1 Positive Interdependence ........................................................................... 25
2.7.2 Promoting Interaction ................................................................................ 26
2.7.3 Interpersonal Skills .................................................................................... 26
2.7.4 Individual Accountability ............................................................................ 27
2.7.5 Developing Positive Attitudes and Relationship
Amongst Group Members .......................................................................... 28
2.8 Relationship between Cooperative Learning and Students' Achievement ......... 28
2.9 Teaching Writing in General ............................................................................... 29

2.10 Argumentative Essay ......................................................................................... 30
2.11 The Function of An Argumentative Essays ....................................................... 31
2.12 Argumentative Essay Assessments .................................................................... 32
2.13 Expository Text .................................................................................................. 36
2.14 The Process of Academic Writing ...................................................................... 37

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2.15 Students' Response ............................................................................................. 38
2.16 Concluding Remark ............................................................................................ 40
CHAPTER III: METHODOLODY OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................................... 42
3.2 Research Setting and Participants ........................................................................ 44
3.3 Data Collection Procedure .................................................................................... 45
3.3.1 Documentation of the Students' Texts ........................................................ 45
3.3.2 Questionnaires ............................................................................................. 46
3.3.3 Classroom Observation ............................................................................... 47
3.3.4 Interview ..................................................................................................... 48
3.4 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................... 49
3.4.1 Documentation of the Students' Texts ........................................................ 50

3.4.2 Questionnaires ............................................................................................. 50
3.4.3 Classroom Observations .............................................................................. 51
3.4.4 Interviews ................................................................................................... 52
3.5 Concluding Remark .............................................................................................. 53
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Data from Students' Texts .................................................................................. 54
4.1.1 Evidence from the Students' Texts ............................................................ 55
4.1.2 Data from questionnaires ............................................................................ 72
4.1.3 Data from Observations .............................................................................. 80
4.1.4 Data from Interviews .................................................................................. 82
4.1.5 Concluding Remark .................................................................................... 88
4.2 The Students' Response Towards Cooperative Learning ................................... 89
4.2.1 Evidence from Individual Interview .......................................................... 89
4.2.1.1 The Students' Understanding about Cooperative Learning and Its
Effect to Their Writing ................................................................... 90
4.2.1.2 The Students' Response About Work in a
Team in Writing Projects .............................................................. 91
4.2.1.3 The Effect of Cooperative Learning in Improving
Students Writing Competence ...................................................... 93
4.2.1.4 The Difficulty in Cooperative Learning ........................................... 93

4.2.2 Concluding Remark ................................................................................... 95
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 96
5.2 Suggestions ...................................................................................................... 100
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 101

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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 : The Example of Student's Individual Test .............................................. 59
Appendix 2 : Questionnaire Sheet Completed by Students ........................................ 110
Appendix 3 : Observation Sheet ................................................................................. 112
Appendix 4 : List of Questions for Interview ............................................................. 113
Appendix 5 : Interview Transcription ........................................................................ 135
Appendix 6 : The Evidence of Student's Texts From The First Individual
Test ........................................................................................................ 188
Appendix 7 : The Evidence of Student's Texts From The Second
Individual Test ...................................................................................... 204
Appendix 8 : The Evidence of Student's Texts From The Third
Individual Test ...................................................................................... 215

Appendix 9 : The Evidence of Student's Texts From The Third
Individual Test ...................................................................................... 225

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 : Response in Learning English ............................................................. 114
Table 4.2 : Response in Cooperative Learning ....................................................... 115
Table 4.3 : Observation Sheet I .............................................................................. 116
Table 4.4 : Observation Sheet II ............................................................................ 119
Table 4.5 : Observation Sheet III ........................................................................... 122
Table 4.6: Observation Sheet IV ........................................................................... 125
Table 4.7 : Observation Sheet V ............................................................................ 128
Table 4.8 : Observation Sheet VI ............................................................................ 130
Table 4.9: Observation Sheet VII ........................................................................... 131
Table 4.10 : Observation Sheet VIII ....................................................................... 133
Table 4.11 :Data from Lowest Achievers (Individual Test) .................................. 257
Table 4.12 :Data from Average Achievers (Individual Test) ................................ 258
Table 4. 13 :Data from Highest Achievers (Individual Test) ....................................... 259
Table 4.14: Data from Highest Groups (Group Projects) .......................................... 260

Table 4.15 :Data from Average Groups (Group Projects) ..................................... 261
Table 4.16 :Data from Lowest Groups (Group Projects) ........................................ 262

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