BAB 8 YUDHISTIRA G2A009093
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1
2002
Jonathan Cohen. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature [Internet].
[cited
2012
October
8];
420:885-91.
Available
from:
www.nature.com/nature
2
Arthur C Guyton, John E Hall. Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran. Jakarta:
EGC; 2007.
3
Eric A J Hoste, Norbert H Lameire, Raymond C Vanholder, Dominique D
Benoit, Johan M A Decruyenaere, Francis A Colardyn. Acute Renal Failure in
Patients with Sepsis in a Surgical ICU: Predictive Factor, Incidence, Comorbidity,
and Outcome. J Am Soc Nephrol.2003; 14:1022-30.
4
Dan L Longo, Dennis L Kasper, J Larry Jameson, Anthony S Fauci,
Stephen L Hauser, Joseph Loscalzo. Harrison’s Principles of internal medicine.
USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012.
5
Robert KM, Daryl KG, Victor WR. Biokimia harper. Jakarta: EGC; 2009.
6
Sacha Zeerleder, Erik Hack, Walter A Wuillemin. Disseminated
Intravascular Coagulation in Sepsis. CHEST [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2013 January
3]; 128:2864-75. Available from: http://journal.publications.chestnet.org
7
Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RI, PalevskyP. Acute Renal
Failure-definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy, and
information technology needs: The Second International Consensus Conference
of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initive (ADQI) Group.Crit Care. 2004
8
Heyman SN, Lieberthal W, Rogiers P. Animal models of acute tubular
necrosis. Curr Opin Crit Care.2002;8;526-34
9
Regueira T, Andresen M. Management of oxygen delivery and
consumption during sepsis. Rev Med Chil.2010;138;233-42
10
Bonventre JV. Pathophysiology of ischemic acute renal failure. In: Ronco
C, Bellomo R, Brendolan A, eds. Sepsis, kidney, and multiple organ dysfunction.
Contrib nephrol. Basel: Karger; 2004. p. 19-30
37
38
11
Bone RC, Sibbald WJ, Sprung CL. The ACCP-SCCM consensus
conference on sepsis and organ failure. Chest 1992;101;1481-1483
12
Chawla LS, Abeli L, Mazhari R, et al. Identifying critical care ill patient at
high risk for developing acute renal failure: A pilot study. In: Kidney
international. 2005;68:2274-80
13
Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in
the United States drom 1979 through 2000. New England Journal Med
2003;348;1546-1554
14
Wan L, Bellomo R, Di Giantomasso D, Ronco C. The pathogenesis of
septic acute renal failure. Curr Opin Crit Care.2003;9;496-502
15
Fourrier F, Choppin C, Goudemand J, et al. Septic shock, multiple organ
failure, and dissaminated intravascular coaugulation:compared patterns of
antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies. Chest 1992;101;816-823
16
Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Sprung CL, et al. Sepsis in intensive care units;results
pf the SOAP study. Crit Care Med 2006;34;344-353
17
Acute Renal Failure and Sepsis - NEJM [Internet]. [cited 2012 Dec 1].
Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra032401
18
Bagshaw SM, George C, Bellomo R. A comparison of the RIFLE and
AKIN criteria for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Nephrol Dial
Transplant. 2008;23:1569-74
19
Wan L, Bagshaw SM, Langenberg C, Saotome T, May C, Bellomo R.
Pathophysiology of septic acute kidney injury: What do we really know? Crit
Care Med 2008;36:S198-203.
39
Riwayat GGA * Status Keluar Crosstabulation
Status Keluar
Total
Meninggal
Hidup
Riwayat
GGA
GGA +
28
3
Meninggal
31
24,8
6,2
31,0
12
7
19
15,2
3,8
19,0
40
10
50
40,0
10,0
50,0
Count
Expected Count
Count
GGA Expected Count
Total
Count
Expected Count
Chi-Square Tests
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity
Correction(a)
Likelihood Ratio
1
Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
,020
3,868
1
,049
5,320
1
,021
Value
5,433(b)
df
Fisher's Exact Test
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
,030
Linear-by-Linear
Association
5,324
N of Valid Cases
50
1
,021
a Computed only for a 2x2 table
b 1 cells (25,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3,80.
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Upper
Lower
Odds Ratio for Riwayat
GGA (GGA + / GGA -)
5,444
1,200
24,698
For cohort Status Keluar
= Meninggal
1,430
,996
2,054
For cohort Status Keluar
= Hidup
,263
,077
,895
N of Valid Cases
50
,026
40
41
no
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
NO CM
C314001
C305731
C317253
C322007
C309842
C158795
A531077
C326011
C231336
C325404
C294483
C302577
C322874
C295449
C304999
C074579
C305700
C289976
C286856
C276120
C267970
C310981
C300981
C202516
C203695
C295174
C324927
B381387
C322206
C300224
C293745
C300204
C285918
C303118
C291497
C272602
C307927
JENIS
KELAMIN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
UMUR
52
70
53
54
61
76
73
20
56
46
26
49
21
32
68
34
64
68
62
35
49
58
35
72
9
55
64
84
25
14
37
24
23
70
45
62
62
STATUS
GGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
KELUAR ICU
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
HIDUP
MENINGGAL
HIDUP
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
HIDUP
42
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
C457044
B381387
C 230196
C 314833
C314001
C 317253
C 322007
C 282263
C237131
C 328502
C 328353
C317066
C295158
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
65
84
64
77
52
53
54
80
62
61
54
50
56
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
43
BIODATA
Identitas
Nama
NIM
Tempat/tanggal lahir
Jenis kelamin
Alamat
Nomor Telpun
Nomor HP
e-mail
: Yudhistira Prakosa
: G2A009093
: Semarang, 20 Juli 1991
: Laki-Laki
: Bukit Wahid Regency B1-35 Semarang
: 081328376545
: 085740717181
: yudhistira.prakosa@yahoo.com
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: SD YBBSU Balikpapan
2. SMP
: SMP Negeri 1 Balikpapan
3. SMA
: SMA Negeri 1 Balikpapan
4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2009
Keanggotaan Organisasi
1. BEM FK UNDIP
Lulus tahun:2003
Lulus tahun:2006
Lulus tahun:2009
Tahun 2010 s/d 2011
1
2002
Jonathan Cohen. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature [Internet].
[cited
2012
October
8];
420:885-91.
Available
from:
www.nature.com/nature
2
Arthur C Guyton, John E Hall. Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran. Jakarta:
EGC; 2007.
3
Eric A J Hoste, Norbert H Lameire, Raymond C Vanholder, Dominique D
Benoit, Johan M A Decruyenaere, Francis A Colardyn. Acute Renal Failure in
Patients with Sepsis in a Surgical ICU: Predictive Factor, Incidence, Comorbidity,
and Outcome. J Am Soc Nephrol.2003; 14:1022-30.
4
Dan L Longo, Dennis L Kasper, J Larry Jameson, Anthony S Fauci,
Stephen L Hauser, Joseph Loscalzo. Harrison’s Principles of internal medicine.
USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012.
5
Robert KM, Daryl KG, Victor WR. Biokimia harper. Jakarta: EGC; 2009.
6
Sacha Zeerleder, Erik Hack, Walter A Wuillemin. Disseminated
Intravascular Coagulation in Sepsis. CHEST [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2013 January
3]; 128:2864-75. Available from: http://journal.publications.chestnet.org
7
Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RI, PalevskyP. Acute Renal
Failure-definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy, and
information technology needs: The Second International Consensus Conference
of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initive (ADQI) Group.Crit Care. 2004
8
Heyman SN, Lieberthal W, Rogiers P. Animal models of acute tubular
necrosis. Curr Opin Crit Care.2002;8;526-34
9
Regueira T, Andresen M. Management of oxygen delivery and
consumption during sepsis. Rev Med Chil.2010;138;233-42
10
Bonventre JV. Pathophysiology of ischemic acute renal failure. In: Ronco
C, Bellomo R, Brendolan A, eds. Sepsis, kidney, and multiple organ dysfunction.
Contrib nephrol. Basel: Karger; 2004. p. 19-30
37
38
11
Bone RC, Sibbald WJ, Sprung CL. The ACCP-SCCM consensus
conference on sepsis and organ failure. Chest 1992;101;1481-1483
12
Chawla LS, Abeli L, Mazhari R, et al. Identifying critical care ill patient at
high risk for developing acute renal failure: A pilot study. In: Kidney
international. 2005;68:2274-80
13
Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in
the United States drom 1979 through 2000. New England Journal Med
2003;348;1546-1554
14
Wan L, Bellomo R, Di Giantomasso D, Ronco C. The pathogenesis of
septic acute renal failure. Curr Opin Crit Care.2003;9;496-502
15
Fourrier F, Choppin C, Goudemand J, et al. Septic shock, multiple organ
failure, and dissaminated intravascular coaugulation:compared patterns of
antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies. Chest 1992;101;816-823
16
Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Sprung CL, et al. Sepsis in intensive care units;results
pf the SOAP study. Crit Care Med 2006;34;344-353
17
Acute Renal Failure and Sepsis - NEJM [Internet]. [cited 2012 Dec 1].
Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra032401
18
Bagshaw SM, George C, Bellomo R. A comparison of the RIFLE and
AKIN criteria for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Nephrol Dial
Transplant. 2008;23:1569-74
19
Wan L, Bagshaw SM, Langenberg C, Saotome T, May C, Bellomo R.
Pathophysiology of septic acute kidney injury: What do we really know? Crit
Care Med 2008;36:S198-203.
39
Riwayat GGA * Status Keluar Crosstabulation
Status Keluar
Total
Meninggal
Hidup
Riwayat
GGA
GGA +
28
3
Meninggal
31
24,8
6,2
31,0
12
7
19
15,2
3,8
19,0
40
10
50
40,0
10,0
50,0
Count
Expected Count
Count
GGA Expected Count
Total
Count
Expected Count
Chi-Square Tests
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity
Correction(a)
Likelihood Ratio
1
Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
,020
3,868
1
,049
5,320
1
,021
Value
5,433(b)
df
Fisher's Exact Test
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
,030
Linear-by-Linear
Association
5,324
N of Valid Cases
50
1
,021
a Computed only for a 2x2 table
b 1 cells (25,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3,80.
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Upper
Lower
Odds Ratio for Riwayat
GGA (GGA + / GGA -)
5,444
1,200
24,698
For cohort Status Keluar
= Meninggal
1,430
,996
2,054
For cohort Status Keluar
= Hidup
,263
,077
,895
N of Valid Cases
50
,026
40
41
no
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
NO CM
C314001
C305731
C317253
C322007
C309842
C158795
A531077
C326011
C231336
C325404
C294483
C302577
C322874
C295449
C304999
C074579
C305700
C289976
C286856
C276120
C267970
C310981
C300981
C202516
C203695
C295174
C324927
B381387
C322206
C300224
C293745
C300204
C285918
C303118
C291497
C272602
C307927
JENIS
KELAMIN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
UMUR
52
70
53
54
61
76
73
20
56
46
26
49
21
32
68
34
64
68
62
35
49
58
35
72
9
55
64
84
25
14
37
24
23
70
45
62
62
STATUS
GGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
KELUAR ICU
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
HIDUP
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
HIDUP
MENINGGAL
HIDUP
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
HIDUP
42
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
C457044
B381387
C 230196
C 314833
C314001
C 317253
C 322007
C 282263
C237131
C 328502
C 328353
C317066
C295158
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
PEREMPUAN
LAKI LAKI
LAKI LAKI
65
84
64
77
52
53
54
80
62
61
54
50
56
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
GGA+
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
MENINGGAL
43
BIODATA
Identitas
Nama
NIM
Tempat/tanggal lahir
Jenis kelamin
Alamat
Nomor Telpun
Nomor HP
: Yudhistira Prakosa
: G2A009093
: Semarang, 20 Juli 1991
: Laki-Laki
: Bukit Wahid Regency B1-35 Semarang
: 081328376545
: 085740717181
: yudhistira.prakosa@yahoo.com
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: SD YBBSU Balikpapan
2. SMP
: SMP Negeri 1 Balikpapan
3. SMA
: SMA Negeri 1 Balikpapan
4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2009
Keanggotaan Organisasi
1. BEM FK UNDIP
Lulus tahun:2003
Lulus tahun:2006
Lulus tahun:2009
Tahun 2010 s/d 2011