Christian Tricaesario 22010112130134 Lap.KTI Bab7
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Honari G, Maibach HI. Chapter 1. Skin Structure and Function [Internet].
Applied Dermatotoxicology. Elsevier Inc.; 2014. 1-10 p. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-420130-9.00001-3
2.
Sarkany RPE, Johns S. Ultraviolet Radiation and the Skin. 2011;(Roelandts
2007):469–82.
3.
Hurlow J, Bliss DZ. Dry Skin in Older Adults. Geriatr Nurs (Minneap)
[Internet]. Mosby, Inc.; 2011;32(4):257–62. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2011.03.003
4.
Katagiri C, Sato J, Nomura J, Denda M. Changes in environmental
humidity affect the water-holding property of the stratum corneum and its
free amino acid content , and the expression of filaggrin in the epidermis of
hairless mice. 2003;1:29–35.
5.
Barco D, Giménez-arnau A. Xerosis : a Dysfunction of the Epidermal
Barrier. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Ed [Internet]. Elsevier;
2008;99(9):671–82. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S15782190(08)70343-3
6.
Baumann L. Understanding and Treating Various Skin Types : The
Baumann Skin Type Indicator. 2008;26:359–73.
7.
Partogi D. Kulit Kering. Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin FK USU;
2008.
8.
Husna N, Purba D, Suryanto. Efek Pelembab Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari
Dalam Sediaan Krim Tangan The Moisturizer Effect of Sunflower Seed Oil
In Hand Cream Preparation. 2012;1(1):63–9.
9.
Lodén M. Effect of moisturizers on epidermal barrier function. Clin
Dermatol [Internet]. Elsevier Inc.; 2012;30(3):286–96. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.015
10.
Kapoor S, Project MP, Saraf S, Ph MP. Formulation and Evaluation of
Moisturizer Containing Herbal Extracts for the Management of Dry Skin.
Pharmacogn J [Internet]. Pharmacognosy Network Worldwide
[Phcog.Net]; 2010;2(11):409–17. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0975-3575(10)80024-0
11.
Ahmad Z. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice The uses and
properties of almond oil. Complement Ther Clin Pract [Internet]. Elsevier
Ltd; 2010;16(1):10–2. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.06.015
12.
Hauser BM, Germany JCH. Cosmetic Oils in comparison : penetration and
occlusion of paraffin oil and vegetable oils. 2012;
13.
Navarini AA, Valeyrie-allanore L, Setta-kaffetzi N, Barker JN, Capon F,
Creamer D, et al. Skin Is Not the Largest Organ Reply to Sontheimer. J
Invest Dermatol [Internet]. Nature Publishing Group; 2013;134(2):581–2.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.335
14.
Integumentary System Part 1 [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jan 15].
Available from: http://antranik.org/integumentary-system-part-1/
15.
Layers of the epidermis [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jan 15]. Available from:
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_i
ll/pap13e_ch05_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/epidermis_layers.
html
16.
Quinn AG. Biology of the skin and dermatological disease. 2004;1–3.
17.
Badiu D, Luque R, Rajendram R. Effect of Olive Oil on the Skin [Internet].
Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention. Elsevier Inc.; 2010.
1125-1132 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12374420-3.00123-6
18.
Marks Jr. JG, Miller JJ. Structure and Function of the Skin. In: Lookingbill
and Marks’ Principles of Dermatology. 5th ed. China: Elsevier Inc.; 2013.
p. 4–16.
19.
Paul C. Dermatitis. In: Acton QA, editor. Skin Diseases - Advances in
Research and Treatment. Atlanta: ScholaryEditions; 2012. p. 58.
20.
Dewi DAR. Penambahan Saccharide Isomerates 5% dalam Formulasi
Pelembab Meningkatkan Hidrasi Kulit Lebih Tinggi Dibandingkan
Pelembab Biasa. 2010.
21.
Tranggono RI, Latifah F. Kosmetik Pelembab dan Pelindung. In:
Djajadisastra J, editor. Buku Pegangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Kosmetik.
Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka; 2007. p. 75–89.
22.
Jahanban A, Jamei R, Jahanban R. The importance of almond ( Prunus
amygdalus L .) and its by-products. Food Chem [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd;
2010;120(2):349–60. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.063
23.
Kang BC, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Chang MJ, Choi HD, Li K, et al. Optimizing
EEMCO guidance for the assessment of dry skin (xerosis) for pharmacies.
2014;(2):87–91.
24.
Tjekyan S. Perbandingan Efektivitas Krim Urea 10% dan Krim Niasiamid
4% pada Xerosis Usia Lanjut. J Kedokt dan Kesehat. 2015;2(1):54–60.
25.
Ravindra T, R PP, H PP. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Formulation and Evaluation of Semisolid
preparation ( Ointment , Gel & Cream ) of Thiocolchicoside Abstract :
Introduction : 2011;8(01).
26.
Levin J, Miller R. REVIEW ] A Guide to the Ingredients and Potential
Benefits of Over-The-Counter Cleansers and Moisturizers for Rosacea
Patients. 2011;4(8):31–49.
27.
Kapoor S, Saraf S. Assessment of Viscoelasticity and Hydration Effect of
Herbal Moisturizers Using Bioengineering Techniques. Pharmacogn Mag
[Internet]. 2010;6(24):298–304. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992143/
28.
Amon U, Erndt S. Evaluation of a Moisturizing Cream Containing Sweet
Almond Oil and Gyceryl Polymethacrylate in Patients with Chronic
Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J allergy clin immunol Vol 119, number 1.
2007;119(1):816.
29.
Sweet Almond oil [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2016 June 14]; 3:1–4. Available
from:
http://www.centerchem.com/Products/DownloadFile.aspx?FileID=6849
Lampiran 1. Ethical clearance
Lampiran 2. Contoh informed consent
Lampiran 3. Kuesioner penelitian
FORM PENELITIAN
Nama
: ………………………………………………………………
Usia
: ………………………………………………………………
Alamat
: ………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
:……………………………………………………………….
No telp
ANAMNESIS
Berikan tanda centang (√) pada jawaban pilihan anda!
1.
Tipe kulit:
Normal
2.
Kering
Apakah anda mempunyai riwayat alergi kulit?
Ya
Tidak
3.
Jika Ya, sebutkan:
4.
Apakah anda mempunyai riwayat penyakit kulit?
Ya
Tidak
5.
Jika Ya, sebutkan:
6.
Apakah anda mengonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu secara rutin?
Ya
Tidak
7.
Jika Ya, sebutkan:
8.
Berapa kali Anda mandi dalam sehari?
3 kali
Berapa jam dalam sehari kira-kira Anda terpapar sinar matahari?
0-3 jam
6-9 jam
3-6 jam
9-12 jam
> 12 jam
10. Berapa jam dalam sehari Anda berada dalam ruangan berpendingin atau AC?
0-3 jam
6-9 jam
3-6 jam
9-12 jam
> 12 jam
Lampiran 4. Hasil analisis data
Tests of Normality
a
Group
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
H0
df
Sig.
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic
df
Sig.
kelompok kontrol
.261
29
.000
.791
29
.000
kelompok perlakuan (almond oil
.261
29
.000
.791
29
.000
kelompok kontrol
.299
29
.000
.756
29
.000
kelompok perlakuan (almond oil
.501
29
.000
.460
29
.000
4%)
H28
4%)
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Ranks
N
Negative Ranks
Mean Rank
11.03
220.50
b
10.50
10.50
20
Positive Ranks
1
H28 - H0
Ties
37
Total
Sum of Ranks
a
c
58
a. H28 < H0
b. H28 > H0
c. H28 = H0
a
Test Statistics
H28 - H0
b
Z
-4.082
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
a. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
b. Based on positive ranks.
Ranks
N
Negative Ranks
Positive Ranks
Mean Rank
4
3.00
12.00
1
b
3.00
3.00
H28 - H0
Ties
Total
a. H28 < H0
b. H28 > H0
c. H28 = H0
Sum of Ranks
a
24
c
29
Ranks
Group
delta
N
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
kelompok kontrol
29
23.21
673.00
kelompok perlakuan
29
35.79
1038.00
(almond oil 4%)
Total
58
a
Test Statistics
Delta
Mann-Whitney U
238.000
Wilcoxon W
673.000
Z
-3.379
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.001
a. Grouping Variable: group
Ranks
H0
tipe_kulit
N
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
kering
12
20.63
247.50
normal
17
11.03
187.50
Total
29
a
Test Statistics
H0
Mann-Whitney U
34.500
Wilcoxon W
187.500
Z
-3.234
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.001
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
.002
b
a. Grouping Variable: tipe_kulit
b. Not corrected for ties.
Tests of Normality
alergi
a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
ya
.473
5
.001
.552
5
.000
tidak
.234
24
.002
.809
24
.000
H0
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Ranks
sakit_kulit
H0
N
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
ada riwayat penyakit kulit
8
12.06
96.50
tidak ada riwayat penyakit
21
16.12
338.50
kulit
Total
29
a
Test Statistics
H0
Mann-Whitney U
60.500
Wilcoxon W
96.500
Z
-1.241
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.215
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
.257
b
a. Grouping Variable: sakit_kulit
b. Not corrected for ties.
Ranks
obat
N
mengonsumsi obat-obatan
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
1
27.00
27.00
28
14.57
408.00
rutin
H0
idak mengonsumsi obatobatan rutin
Total
29
a
Test Statistics
H0
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
a. Grouping Variable: obat
b. Not corrected for ties.
2.000
408.000
-1.552
.121
.207
b
Ranks
mandi
H0
N
Mean Rank
1.
Honari G, Maibach HI. Chapter 1. Skin Structure and Function [Internet].
Applied Dermatotoxicology. Elsevier Inc.; 2014. 1-10 p. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-420130-9.00001-3
2.
Sarkany RPE, Johns S. Ultraviolet Radiation and the Skin. 2011;(Roelandts
2007):469–82.
3.
Hurlow J, Bliss DZ. Dry Skin in Older Adults. Geriatr Nurs (Minneap)
[Internet]. Mosby, Inc.; 2011;32(4):257–62. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2011.03.003
4.
Katagiri C, Sato J, Nomura J, Denda M. Changes in environmental
humidity affect the water-holding property of the stratum corneum and its
free amino acid content , and the expression of filaggrin in the epidermis of
hairless mice. 2003;1:29–35.
5.
Barco D, Giménez-arnau A. Xerosis : a Dysfunction of the Epidermal
Barrier. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Ed [Internet]. Elsevier;
2008;99(9):671–82. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S15782190(08)70343-3
6.
Baumann L. Understanding and Treating Various Skin Types : The
Baumann Skin Type Indicator. 2008;26:359–73.
7.
Partogi D. Kulit Kering. Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin FK USU;
2008.
8.
Husna N, Purba D, Suryanto. Efek Pelembab Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari
Dalam Sediaan Krim Tangan The Moisturizer Effect of Sunflower Seed Oil
In Hand Cream Preparation. 2012;1(1):63–9.
9.
Lodén M. Effect of moisturizers on epidermal barrier function. Clin
Dermatol [Internet]. Elsevier Inc.; 2012;30(3):286–96. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.015
10.
Kapoor S, Project MP, Saraf S, Ph MP. Formulation and Evaluation of
Moisturizer Containing Herbal Extracts for the Management of Dry Skin.
Pharmacogn J [Internet]. Pharmacognosy Network Worldwide
[Phcog.Net]; 2010;2(11):409–17. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0975-3575(10)80024-0
11.
Ahmad Z. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice The uses and
properties of almond oil. Complement Ther Clin Pract [Internet]. Elsevier
Ltd; 2010;16(1):10–2. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.06.015
12.
Hauser BM, Germany JCH. Cosmetic Oils in comparison : penetration and
occlusion of paraffin oil and vegetable oils. 2012;
13.
Navarini AA, Valeyrie-allanore L, Setta-kaffetzi N, Barker JN, Capon F,
Creamer D, et al. Skin Is Not the Largest Organ Reply to Sontheimer. J
Invest Dermatol [Internet]. Nature Publishing Group; 2013;134(2):581–2.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.335
14.
Integumentary System Part 1 [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jan 15].
Available from: http://antranik.org/integumentary-system-part-1/
15.
Layers of the epidermis [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jan 15]. Available from:
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_i
ll/pap13e_ch05_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/epidermis_layers.
html
16.
Quinn AG. Biology of the skin and dermatological disease. 2004;1–3.
17.
Badiu D, Luque R, Rajendram R. Effect of Olive Oil on the Skin [Internet].
Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention. Elsevier Inc.; 2010.
1125-1132 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12374420-3.00123-6
18.
Marks Jr. JG, Miller JJ. Structure and Function of the Skin. In: Lookingbill
and Marks’ Principles of Dermatology. 5th ed. China: Elsevier Inc.; 2013.
p. 4–16.
19.
Paul C. Dermatitis. In: Acton QA, editor. Skin Diseases - Advances in
Research and Treatment. Atlanta: ScholaryEditions; 2012. p. 58.
20.
Dewi DAR. Penambahan Saccharide Isomerates 5% dalam Formulasi
Pelembab Meningkatkan Hidrasi Kulit Lebih Tinggi Dibandingkan
Pelembab Biasa. 2010.
21.
Tranggono RI, Latifah F. Kosmetik Pelembab dan Pelindung. In:
Djajadisastra J, editor. Buku Pegangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Kosmetik.
Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka; 2007. p. 75–89.
22.
Jahanban A, Jamei R, Jahanban R. The importance of almond ( Prunus
amygdalus L .) and its by-products. Food Chem [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd;
2010;120(2):349–60. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.063
23.
Kang BC, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Chang MJ, Choi HD, Li K, et al. Optimizing
EEMCO guidance for the assessment of dry skin (xerosis) for pharmacies.
2014;(2):87–91.
24.
Tjekyan S. Perbandingan Efektivitas Krim Urea 10% dan Krim Niasiamid
4% pada Xerosis Usia Lanjut. J Kedokt dan Kesehat. 2015;2(1):54–60.
25.
Ravindra T, R PP, H PP. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Formulation and Evaluation of Semisolid
preparation ( Ointment , Gel & Cream ) of Thiocolchicoside Abstract :
Introduction : 2011;8(01).
26.
Levin J, Miller R. REVIEW ] A Guide to the Ingredients and Potential
Benefits of Over-The-Counter Cleansers and Moisturizers for Rosacea
Patients. 2011;4(8):31–49.
27.
Kapoor S, Saraf S. Assessment of Viscoelasticity and Hydration Effect of
Herbal Moisturizers Using Bioengineering Techniques. Pharmacogn Mag
[Internet]. 2010;6(24):298–304. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992143/
28.
Amon U, Erndt S. Evaluation of a Moisturizing Cream Containing Sweet
Almond Oil and Gyceryl Polymethacrylate in Patients with Chronic
Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J allergy clin immunol Vol 119, number 1.
2007;119(1):816.
29.
Sweet Almond oil [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2016 June 14]; 3:1–4. Available
from:
http://www.centerchem.com/Products/DownloadFile.aspx?FileID=6849
Lampiran 1. Ethical clearance
Lampiran 2. Contoh informed consent
Lampiran 3. Kuesioner penelitian
FORM PENELITIAN
Nama
: ………………………………………………………………
Usia
: ………………………………………………………………
Alamat
: ………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
:……………………………………………………………….
No telp
ANAMNESIS
Berikan tanda centang (√) pada jawaban pilihan anda!
1.
Tipe kulit:
Normal
2.
Kering
Apakah anda mempunyai riwayat alergi kulit?
Ya
Tidak
3.
Jika Ya, sebutkan:
4.
Apakah anda mempunyai riwayat penyakit kulit?
Ya
Tidak
5.
Jika Ya, sebutkan:
6.
Apakah anda mengonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu secara rutin?
Ya
Tidak
7.
Jika Ya, sebutkan:
8.
Berapa kali Anda mandi dalam sehari?
3 kali
Berapa jam dalam sehari kira-kira Anda terpapar sinar matahari?
0-3 jam
6-9 jam
3-6 jam
9-12 jam
> 12 jam
10. Berapa jam dalam sehari Anda berada dalam ruangan berpendingin atau AC?
0-3 jam
6-9 jam
3-6 jam
9-12 jam
> 12 jam
Lampiran 4. Hasil analisis data
Tests of Normality
a
Group
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
H0
df
Sig.
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic
df
Sig.
kelompok kontrol
.261
29
.000
.791
29
.000
kelompok perlakuan (almond oil
.261
29
.000
.791
29
.000
kelompok kontrol
.299
29
.000
.756
29
.000
kelompok perlakuan (almond oil
.501
29
.000
.460
29
.000
4%)
H28
4%)
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Ranks
N
Negative Ranks
Mean Rank
11.03
220.50
b
10.50
10.50
20
Positive Ranks
1
H28 - H0
Ties
37
Total
Sum of Ranks
a
c
58
a. H28 < H0
b. H28 > H0
c. H28 = H0
a
Test Statistics
H28 - H0
b
Z
-4.082
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
a. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
b. Based on positive ranks.
Ranks
N
Negative Ranks
Positive Ranks
Mean Rank
4
3.00
12.00
1
b
3.00
3.00
H28 - H0
Ties
Total
a. H28 < H0
b. H28 > H0
c. H28 = H0
Sum of Ranks
a
24
c
29
Ranks
Group
delta
N
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
kelompok kontrol
29
23.21
673.00
kelompok perlakuan
29
35.79
1038.00
(almond oil 4%)
Total
58
a
Test Statistics
Delta
Mann-Whitney U
238.000
Wilcoxon W
673.000
Z
-3.379
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.001
a. Grouping Variable: group
Ranks
H0
tipe_kulit
N
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
kering
12
20.63
247.50
normal
17
11.03
187.50
Total
29
a
Test Statistics
H0
Mann-Whitney U
34.500
Wilcoxon W
187.500
Z
-3.234
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.001
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
.002
b
a. Grouping Variable: tipe_kulit
b. Not corrected for ties.
Tests of Normality
alergi
a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
ya
.473
5
.001
.552
5
.000
tidak
.234
24
.002
.809
24
.000
H0
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Ranks
sakit_kulit
H0
N
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
ada riwayat penyakit kulit
8
12.06
96.50
tidak ada riwayat penyakit
21
16.12
338.50
kulit
Total
29
a
Test Statistics
H0
Mann-Whitney U
60.500
Wilcoxon W
96.500
Z
-1.241
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.215
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
.257
b
a. Grouping Variable: sakit_kulit
b. Not corrected for ties.
Ranks
obat
N
mengonsumsi obat-obatan
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
1
27.00
27.00
28
14.57
408.00
rutin
H0
idak mengonsumsi obatobatan rutin
Total
29
a
Test Statistics
H0
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
a. Grouping Variable: obat
b. Not corrected for ties.
2.000
408.000
-1.552
.121
.207
b
Ranks
mandi
H0
N
Mean Rank