Adama Urban Expansion Presentation Presentation

ETHIOPIAN URBAN EXPANSION INITIATIVE

ADAMA EXPANSION PLAN

7/FEBRUARY /2014,
FINFINE

1. ADAMA PROFILE
 Absolute Location
8˚ 35’00” to 8˚36’00’’ north
latitude and 39˚ 11’57’’ to
39˚21’15’’ east longitude
 Relative location

Altitude
 is located with an elevation range
between 1460-1970m abs
 Drainage
 A lot of seasonal rivers and gorges start
form upper and base of mountain flow to
Awash River,

 Due to the predominance of sandy soil in
the
town
there
are
two
water
submerging(ponding) places in the town.
.

Climate of Adama
 The city is belonging to hot and semi-desert

climatic condition.
Temperature
 The higher temperature reaches 30.2 oc in April

and drop lower than 25.8

o

c in July. The coolest

months are July and August that overlapped with
heavy rainfall. January is the hottest month in
Adama.

 Rainfall
 Most

precipitation

falls

from

June

through

September. The short rain season extends from
March to April and the major rainy season from July
to mid-September.
 The annual average of precipitation is 760 mm.
WIND DIRECTION
 Adama experiences perpetual high wind speed that

mostly blow from east to west from October to
December that causes great dust every year and the
soil subjected to the direct action of wind severely.

 Soil Characteristics
• Because of shortage of time as well as
lack professionals we did not pass through
such
investigation.
Therefore,
implementers and other bodies who
needs such specific information is
necessary to do detail examination.

 Natural Hazards/constraints
• Seismicity
Adama falls within the zone that is
characterized by earth quakes of intensity
of 8 MM with probability of occurrence of
0.1 for 100 years return period.

Adama Town (study area)

Source: Map showing the location of the study region within the seismic risk
zone of Ethiopia

Flooding
• Since Adama is settled in between and on
escarped slope this lead to generate greater
capacity of runoff and erosive,
• The flash flood that originate from the
surrounding areas of high slope rush down
towards the town part and causes damage.
• Attention to the storm drain outfalls is

necessary to minimize the potential for
erosion.
 

Soil Erosion
• The slight soil cover, Steep relief,
relatively intense rainfall and hot
climate are reckoned to favour soil
erosion in the area.
• Therefore flood protection and soil
conservation

works

are

great

assignment for town administration.

•  


Manmade constraints
1. Sugar Factory
•In the south, south-East and East parts of the town Wenji Sugar
plantation is human barrier which hamper urban development .

2. High tension
•Along the north-east to west and east to west part of the town areas
there is high tension line. This high tension line is hindrance for urban
development.


Demographic features
•Population
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by CSA of Ethiopia , this city
has a total population of 220,212,
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
 Roads

• According to the existing master
plan of the city, 20% of the total
area of the city is earmarked to
road development.
• Some Sorts of Asphalt Roads

Some parts of Asphalt Roads

 WATER SUPPLY
 As of information gathered from
city’s water supply and sewerage
office, the total coverage of tap
water service in Adama is 74%. It
has reservoirs at Lug, 01 and 02,
and 03 with water holding capacity
of

4000,

respectively.

1000,

1000

m3

2. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE
 Revenue
 Total revenue in 2005 (2012 GC) = 323.184 million birr
(17.22 million USD)
 121.002 million birr (6.47 million USD) collected from
local revenue sources
 202.182million birr(10.75million USD) infrastructure
grant
 Unconditional block grant from the regional government
 Municipal revenue increased by 59.04% in 2005
compared to previous fiscal year. The reasons for
increment are:
 Expanding revenue based

 Tariff revision and increment
 Better collection efficiency

2. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE
Municipal Revenue Trends (From Local base)
130
120
110
100

Municipal Revenue in Million
birr

90
80
70
60
50
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE
Budget
year
(EFY)

Municipal
Revenue
(million birr)

Municipal
Expenditure
(million birr)

Difference
(in mil. Birr)

Recurrent
Expenditure
(in mil. Birr)

Capital
Expenditure
(in mil. Birr)

2003

70.10

97.92

27.82

42.50

48.56

2004

87.92

114.89

26.97

49.01

44.05

2005

121.00

151.33

30.33

69.57

48.15

Existing Physical and spatial Situation
Land use

Description

Area (hectare)

Percent
(%)

Housing

Standard

Implications

(%)

3358.69

25.14%

40-60

Below the standard

Business and commerce/
Centers and market places

438.5

3.28%

5-10

Below the standard

Services/Public facilities
special functions, reserved
areas,
historical
sites,
cultural and archeological
sites

356.67

2.7%

5-10

Below the standard

Manufacturing and storage

495.59

3.71%

5-15

Below the standard

Infrastructure, utilities and
Transportation

2145.23

20%

15-25

good

Open space, recreation and
sport

1603.29

12%

15-20

Below the standard

unbuiltable

4968.14

33.%

total

13366.1

100%

Large amount of unbuildable
land existence.

PART-II
Future Expansion
Projection of
Adama town (20142040)

3.POPULATION PROJECTION
Population projection for 2040 using exponential
method.
 Annual population growth rate is 4.53% for urban
and 3.35% for rural
 Based on the derived growth rate population size at
the end of 2013 is 376,084
 Population of Adama in year 2040 = 1,197,083
 The
years!

Additional population become 820,999 in 27

Population projection
2020
1

Projecti
ons
Based
on
separat
e
growth
rate

urba
n

R=In(220212/12784
2)^1/12*100
0.0453/4.53%/

2

3

Rural

R=In(71235/47667)
^1/12*100
0.0335/3.35%/

2030

2040

2013
288,99
0

396,82
624,212 981,901
3

87,094

110,11
153,928 215,182
0

Total(Urban + Rural)

376,08 506,9
4
33

No of Households

78,351

778,14
0

1,197,0
83

105,61
162,113 249,392
1

Projecting urban land cover

 If we are to prepare cities for their
expansion, we need to know how
much land on the fringe of a given
city will need to be converted to
urban use in the next 20 to 30 years.
(Shalom Angel, planet of cities, 2012)

City Foot Print Ratio

 On average, were double the built-up areas
of cities. That is, on average, urbanized open
spaces added an area to the city equivalent
to its built-up area and, at a minimum added
36 percent to the built-up areas.” (Shalom
Angel, planet of cities, 2012)

Type

Area

Existing structural plan

13357.11981

Un utilized land feature

3522.00000

Utilized and unbuildable

9835.119815

Buildable land feature

5625.501101

Area without Percentage of road

4612.910902

Unbuildable land feature

4209.618714

Percentage of road
Total open spaces of each plot size (a plan
regulation of country)

1012.590198
1014.840399

Total (unbuildable+ Percentage of road + open
spaces of plot size)

6237.049311

foot print ratio

0.634160989

projected urban land cover
year

population

built up
density

2013
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
 
 

376084
33440
97410
120951
150255
186744
232198
1197082
un buildable
total expansion
area needed

62.27
62.27
62.27
62.27
62.27
62.27
62.27
62.27
 

1.63
1.63
1.63
1.63
1.63
1.63
1.63
1.63
 

Projected built Projected
up area
urban
land
cover at each
phase
6039.569616
9844.50
537.0162197
875.34
1564.316685
2549.84
1942.363899
3166.05
2412.959692
3933.12
2998.9401
4888.27
3728.890316
6078.09
19224.05653
31335.21
 
6911.15

 

 

 

 

 

 

13366.50

 

 

 

24879.86

 

 

 
 
 
 

 

Existing
structural
plan
expansion area out
of structural plan

un utilized area
of structural plan  
Total
area
required
in
expansion
for
plan
period
(2040)
with
unbuildable
 
Total
area
required
in
expansion
for
plan
period

area foot print ratio

38246.36

3522.00

28401.86
 

 

21490.71

Slope analysis
 As it can be seen from the slope classification map, the
slope of Adama town is largely dominated by a terrain
with very flat plain to undulating steep slopes.

 Expansion Boundary Deli nation
• The spatial affects of the surrounding
mountain, rivers, and terrain aspects and
gandas/Kebeles/ boundary have special
importance for reservation of specific
areas and facilitate a special weight for
the cities boundary deli nation

 PROPOSALS OF SPATIAL COMPONENTS
• There are a lot of mountains and ponds which were
unbuildable except for sustainable development of
environmental protection. The total area to be
developed within the coming 27 years planning period
is 21490.71ha.
 Proposed Road Network
The following issues were considered.
• Length, continuity and connection of existing road to
new expansion grid.
• Space between grids, that is almost one kilo meter
apart
• The width of the roads in expansion area, all are 30
meters wide, except the width of inter-town road net
work
• the place where the grids cross seasonal rivers
• topographic feature of the area like escarpment, ponds

Number and Area of Blocks and Girds
 summarized the as follows;
- Number of proposed macro blocks
(1kmx1km) in the expansion area = 187`
- Total area of proposed macro blocks in
expansion in hectare=16,030.52
- Number of proposed grids with different
length in the expansion = 88
- Total length of proposed (30m width)
arterial grids in expansion area =
443.51km
- Total area of arterial grid in
hectares=1,330.52

 Proposals of Special Component of
Zoning
• Special component of zoning Areas are those
that need special attention in terms of
planning and development implementation.
• These areas have generally associated with
complex developmental problems.
• Areas used for large and medium scale
industries, informal green, ponds, sport
complex, services like university, hospital
and cemetery are identified as Special
component of zoning Areas.

4. EXPANSION AREA REQUIRED
 Based on the population projection for 2040:-

 Total area required in 2040 = 38,246.46 hectar
o This includes the existing city boundary
=13,366.50 hectare

 Total New Expansion land required 21,490.71
hectare

Summary of the proposed land components

Land use Category
Housing
Business and commerce/
Canters and market places
Services/Public facilities
special functions, reserved
areas, historical sites, cultural
and archaeological sites
services/Public facilities
Manufacturing and storage
Infrastructure, utilities and
Transportation
Open space, recreation and
sport
total

Proposed
percentage

proposed area in
hectare

42

9026.0982

6

1289.4426

7

1504.3497

10

2149.071

20

4298.142

15

3223.6065

100

21490.71

Compensation Cost estimates of arterial
(grid) road for three years (2014-16)

 The first priority is to compensate and secure
land for arterial roads in the expansion area and
furnishing the necessary infrastructure along the
arterial road.
 The compensation cost both for grid and Block

developments is calculated as per the regional
rules and regulations.
• Thus; 1hect * 18qtl * 1150Br/Q *10years=207,000
ETB

Summary of Grid Compensation cost for
all phase (2014-2016)
Area in
Length Compensati
Phases
hectar
in km
on cost
e
First
343.60 114.53 71,125,714.4
phase(2014)
5
Second
505.24 168.41 104,584,718.
phase(2015)
23
Third
phase(2016)

481.67

160.56

99,706,282.6
4

Total

1,330.
52

443.50 275,316,715
.32

Compensation Cost Estimation for Macro Blocks in Phasing (187 Blocks)

No

Phases

1

No of Macro Area
in
Blocks
hectare
First phase (2014-2015)
11
693.81

Compensation
cost
143,618,931.92

2

Second Phase (2016-20)

24

1524

315,421,046.42

3

Third Phase(2021-25)

33

2698

558492284.02

4

Fourth phase(2026-30)

36

3286

680,267,977.40

5

Fifth Phase(2031-35)

39

3979

823,660,205.81

6

Sixth phase(2036-40)

44

3850

796,856,562.56

Total

187

16,030.52

3,318,317,008.13

Standard and guide line for proposed local
development plan

Land
use Major Contents of the category
Category



Housing

Business
and
commerce/
Centers
and market places

Services/Public
facilities
special
functions,
reserved
areas,
historical
sites,
cultural
and
archeological sites

Infrastructure,
utilities
Transportation

and

and

Open
space,
recreation and sport

Catchment
area(Radiu
s)

Catchments
population

All types of residential





Educational:
kindergarten
Primary school=
secondary schools




Proposed
percentag
e
40-60

500-3000 m
1.5-2.5ha
3-6 ha

≤1km
≤3km
3-5km

1000-2500
5,000-15,000
10,000-15,000

Health: health post
health centre

0.15ha
1ha