Perbandingan Metode Static thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding pada Segmentasi Citra AML M0 dan AML 1 - UNS Institutional Repository

PERBANDINGAN METODE STATIC THRESHOLDING DAN MULTI OTSU THRESHOLDING PADA SEGMENTASI CITRA AML M0 DAN AML M1 SKRIPSI

  

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan mendapatkan gelar Strata Satu

Program Studi Informatika

Disusun oleh: Ersi Indah Asmari NIM. M0513018 PROGRAM STUDI INFORMATIKA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA

  

2018

3 HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN

  4 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

5 MOTTO

  

“Jangan kamu kehilangan harapan, dan jangan pula kamu bersedih hati.”

(Q.S. Ali Imran: 139)

  “

The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today”

  

(H. Jackson Brown, Jr.)

“If you can’t avoid it, Enjoy it!”

6 PERSEMBAHAN

  Kupersembahkan karya ini untuk: Almarhum ayah tercinta, Bapak Kasiyo Ibu terhebat dan perkasa, Ibu Tarmini Mas Danny Adityo

  Wheny, Dessy, Afifah, Aza, Adit, Dian Serta teman-teman seperjuangan Informatika 2013

7 KATA PENGANTAR

  Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala yang telah melimpahkan kasih dan sayang-Nya kepada kita, sehingga penulis bisa menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul

  “Perbandingan Metode Static Thresholding Dan Multi Otsu Thresholding pada Segmentasi Citra AML M0 dan AML M1 ”. Tujuan dari

  penyusunan skripsi ini guna memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk bisa menempuh ujian sarjana komputer pada Fakultas MatematikA dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) Program Studi Informatika di Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Didalam pengerjaan skripsi ini telah melibatkan banyak pihak yang sangat membantu dalam banyak hal, disini penulis sampaikan rasa terima kasih sedalam-dalamnya kepada: 1.

  Orang tua tercinta, Alm Bapak Kasiyo dan Ibu Tarmini yang telah membesarkan penulis dan memberi motivasi.

  2. Ibu Esti Suryani selaku pembimbing akademik dan pembimbing I atas nasehat, arahan, dan bimbingannya selama masa kuliah.

  3. Bapak Bambang Harjito selaku dosen pembimbing II atas kebaikan dan bimbingan selama penyelesaiaan tugas akhir ini.

  4. Ibu pakar leukemia Dr. M.I. Diah yang telah bersedia membagikan ilmu dan waktunya demi kelancaran penulisan tugas akhir ini.

  5. Sahabat-sahabat penulis: Wheny, Dessy, Afifah, Azaria, Mutiara, Desti, Laras, Mega, Adit, Dian yang telah memberi semangat kepada penulis. Penulis berharap skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat untuk berbagai pihak.

  Surakarta, 30 Januari 2018 Penulis

  Ersi Indah Asmari

  

PERBANDINGAN METODE STATIC THRESHOLDING DAN MULTI OTSU

THRESHOLDING PADA SEGMENTASI CITRA

AML M0 DAN AML M1

ERSI INDAH ASMARI

  Program Studi Informatika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Sebelas Maret

8 ABSTRAK

  Proses diagnosa Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi pengolahan citra yang terdiri dari pre-processing, segmentasi, dan ekstraksi ciri. Segmentasi citra digunakan untuk memisahkan objek dari

  

background -nya. Salah satu contoh metode segmentasi yaitu Static Thresholding dan

Multi Otsu thresholding . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan metode

  segmentasi static thresholding dan multi otsu thresholding dalam proses diagnosis awal AML M0 dan M1. Metode pengolahan citra yang digunakan meliputi median filtering, konversi warna YCbCr, static thresholding, multi otsu thresholding, operasi morfologi, sedangkan identifikasi diterapkan menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes Classifier dengan data uji berupa diameter WBC, rasio nukleus, dan putaran nukleus. Proses pengujian menggunakan 29 Citra AML M0 dan 30 citra AML M1. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan multi otsu thresholding menghasilkan akurasi 83.81% sedangkan static menghasilkan akurasi 75.35%. Berdasarkan akurasinya, segmentasi multi

  thresholding

otsu thresholding memberikan hasil klasifikasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan metode

static thresholding .

  

Kata Kunci: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), segmentasi citra, multi otsu

thresholding, static thresholding

  

A COMPARISON OF SEGMENTATION METHODS BETWEEN

STATIC THRESHOLDING AND MULTI OTSU THRESHOLDING

  

IN THE PROCESS OF AML M0 AND AML M1

ERSI INDAH ASMARI

  Program Studi Informatika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Sebelas Maret

  9 ABSTRACT

The process of diagnosing Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) can be done by utilizing

image processing techniques consisting of pre-processing, segmentation, and feature

extraction. Image segmentation is used to separate objects from the background. One

example of the segmentation method is static thresholding and multi otsu

threshholding. This study aims to compare segmentation methods between static

thresholding and multi otsu thresholding in the process of AML M0 and M1 as the

initial diagnosis. Image processing methods that are used in this research are YCbCr

color space, median filtering, static thresholding, multi otsu thresholding,

morphological operation. The process of identificating cell uses Naïve Bayes Classifier

with test data in the form of WBC diameter, ratio of nukleus, and roundness of nukleus.

  

Data to test process are 29 AML M1 images and 30 AML M2 images. It was shown

that segmentation with multi otsu thresholding method give a better classification

result with an accuracy of 83.81% whereas on static thresholding method only 75.34%.

  Keywords: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), image segmentation, multi otsu thresholding, static thresholding

  10

  11 DAFTAR ISI

  

  

   BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Latar Belakang ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Rumusan Masalah ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Batasan Masalah ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Sistematika Penulisan ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Landasan Teori ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Leukemia ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) ......... Error! Bookmark not defined. Citra Digital ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Pengolahan Citra Digital ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Pre-processing ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Model Warna ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  YcbCr .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Median Filter ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Grayscale .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Segmentasi Citra ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Thresholding ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Multi Otsu Thresholding ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Operasi Morfologi ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Klasifikasi ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Naïve bayes ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Confusion Matrix .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Penelitian Terkait ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Rancangan Penelitian ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN.................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Pengumpulan Data dan Akuisisi Citra ......... Error! Bookmark not defined. Penerapan Static Thresholding ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

• processing ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Pre Segmentasi Static Thresholding ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Ekstraksi Ciri ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Klasifikasi ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Penerapan Multi Otsu Thresholding ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Pre -processing ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Segmentasi Multi Otsu Thresholding .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Ekstraksi Ciri Multi Otsu Thresholding Error! Bookmark not defined. Klasifikasi Multi Otsu Thresholding ..... Error! Bookmark not defined. Membandingkan Static Thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding .... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  BAB IV PEMBAHASAN ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Pengumpulan Data dan Akuisis Citra .......... Error! Bookmark not defined. Penerapan Static Thresholding ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Pre-processing ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Segmentasi Static Thresholding ............ Error! Bookmark not defined. Ekstraksi Ciri ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Klasifikasi Static Thresholding ............. Error! Bookmark not defined. Penerapan Multi Otsu Thresholding ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Pre-processing ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Segmentasi Multi Otsu Thresholding .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Ekstraksi Ciri ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Klasifikasi Multi Otsu Thresholding ..... Error! Bookmark not defined. Perbandingan Static Thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Analisis Sel Myeloblast ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Analisi Sel Promyelocyte ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Analisis Sel Myelocyte .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Analisis Keseluruhan Citra ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  BAB V PENUTUP ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Kesimpulan ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Saran ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. LAMPIRAN A ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Analisa AML M0 ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. A.2 Analisa AML M1 ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. LAMPIRAN B ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

  12 DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Confusion Matriks Dua Kelas ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tabel 2.2 Keterkaitan Penelitian Penulis dengan Penelitian Sebelumnya ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 3.1 Tabel Confusion Matrix AML M0 dan AML M1 ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.1 Data Maksimal dan Minimal dari Identifikasi Dokter ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.2 Hasil Ekstraksi Ciri Citra AML M1_3 Segmentasi Static Thresholding ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.3 Pencarian Threshold dari Gambar 4.17....... Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.4 Hasil Ekstraksi Ciri Metode Multi Otsu Thresholding Citra AML M1_3 ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.5 Confusion Matrix Static Thresholding AML M1_3.... Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.6 Confusion Matrix Multi Otsu Thresholding AML M1_3 . Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.7 Perbandingan Akurasi, Specificity, Sensivity Pada Identifikasi Sel Myeloblast. .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.8 Perbandingan Akurasi, Specificity, Sensivity Pada Identifikasi Sel Promyelocyte ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.9 Perbandingan Akurasi, Specificity, Sensivity Pada Identifikasi Sel Myelocyte .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.10 Perbandingan Static Thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding pada Keseluruhan Citra........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.Tabel 4.11 Perbandingan Static Thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding pada Segmentasi AML M0_12 ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

  xiii

Tabel 4.12 Perbandingan Static Thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding pada Citra AML M0_5 ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

  Tabel A.1 Perbandingan Static Thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding pada Citra AML M0. .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Tabel A.2 Perbandingan Static Thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding pada Citra AML M1. .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  DAFTAR GAMBAR

  13

Gambar 2.2 (a) Myeloblast (b) Promyelocyte (c) Myelocyte (Bain et al., 2008) . Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 2.3 Citra AML M0 (Antica, 2011) ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 2.4 Citra AML M1 (Bain et al., 2008) .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 2.5 Ilustrasi Citra Digital (Zhou et al., 2010) Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 2.6 Ilustrasi Citra RGB antara Kolom Matriksnya dan Kompenen Red, Green , Blue (Zhou et al., 2010)................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 2.7 Median Filter 3x3 (a) Citra X-Ray Sebelum di Smoothing (b) Citra X- Ray Sesudah di Smoothing (Zhou et al., 2010) ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 2.8 Ilustrasi Citra Grayscale (Jayaraman, 2011) .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 2.9 (a) Citra Input (b) Citra Biner dengan Nilai Threshold T = 90 (c) Citra

  Biner dengan Nilai Threshold T = 124 (Zhou et al., 2010) ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 2.10 (a) Citra A (b) Struktur Elemen (c) Hasil Dilasi A oleh B ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 2.11 (a) Citra A (b) Struktur Elemen (c) Hasil Dilasi A oleh B ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 2.12 Ilustrasi Closing (a) Citra Awal (b) Struktur Elemen (c) Hasil Closing oleh Struktur Elemen (Gonzalez and Woods, 2010) ... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 3.1 Tahapan Penerapan Static Thresholding . Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 3.2 Tahapan Penerapan Multi Otsu Thresholding ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 3.3 Tahap Membandingkan Static Thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  xv

Gambar 3.4 Identifikasi Sel pada AML M1 (a) Myeloblast (b) Promyelocyte .... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 3.5 Nukleoli pada Myeloblast........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 3.6 Flowchart Pre-processing Static Thresholding ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 3.7 Flowchart Segmentasi Static Thresholding ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 3.8 Flowchart Ekstraksi Ciri Static Thresholding dan Multi Otsu Thresholding ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 3.9 Flowchart Pre-processing Multi Otsu Thresholding ... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 3.10 Flowchart Segmentasi Multi Otsu Thresholding . Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.1 Citra Terindikasi AML M0 ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.2 Citra Terindikasi AML M1 ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.3 Proses Median Filter ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.4 Hasil Proses Pre-Processing (a) Median Filter (b) Konversi Warna YCBCr ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.5 Hasil Segmentasi (a) Hasil Static Thresholding Nukleus (a) Sel sebelum dilakukan proses Closing (c) Sel setelah dilakukan Proses Closing Error! Bookmark

  not defined.

Gambar 4.6 Hasil Closing pada Static Thresholding Nukleus ... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.7 Hasil Segmenasi Static Thresholding pada Citra AML_M11 .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.8 (a) Hasil Segmentasi Static Thresholding WBC (b) Closing pada WBC ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.9 Hasil Pelabelan Static Thresholding Sel (a) Nukleus (b) WBC ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  xvi

Gambar 4.10 Ilustrasi Selesi Nukleus pada Segmentasi Stastic Thresholding (a)

  Nukleus sebelum Diseleksi (b) Nukleus setelah Diseleksi ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 4.11 Luas dan Keliling Sel Nukleus Nomor 14 ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.12 (a) Overlapping WBC Dari Sel Nukleus No.14 (b) Luasan Baru WBC setelah dihitung ulang ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.13 Hasil Ekstraksi Ciri Citra AML M1_3 Segmentasi Static Thresholding ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.14 Sel Nomor 14 pada Citra AML M1_3 .. Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.15 Citra Hasil Grayscaling ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.16 Algoritma Multi Otsu Thresholding ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.17 Citra Grayscale dengan Intensitas Warna 0 - 5 beserta Histogramnya ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.18 Ilustrasi Multi Otsu Thresholding ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.19 (a) Hasil Segmentasi Multi Otsu Thresholding Nukleus (b) Operasi Closing ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.20 (a) Hasil Segmentasi Multi Otsu Thresholding WBC (b) Operasi Closing ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.21 Hasil Pelabelan Sel pada Multi Otsu Thresholding (a) Nukleus (b) WBC ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.22 Ilustrasi Seleksi Nukleus pada Segmentasi Multi Otsu Threshold (a) Sebelum Seleksi (b) Sesudah Seleksi .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.Gambar 4.23 Ilustrasi Pencarian Luas WBC (a) Citra Nukleus (b) Pencocokan Posisi

  Nukleus Dan WBC (c) Luasan WBC Setelah Dihilangkan Overlapping-nya ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gambar 4.24 Hasil Ekstraksi Ciri AML M1_3 Segmentasi Multi Otsu Threshold ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  xvii

  Gambar B.1 Bagas Klasifikasi Sel dengan Naïve Bayes ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

  18

14 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

  LAMPIRAN A ……………………………………………………………………... 68 LAMPIRAN A.1: Analisa AML M0

  ….……………………………………...68 LAMPIRAN A.2: Analisa AML M

  2….……………………………………...69 LAMPIRAN B………………………………………………………………………..70