THE USE OF ELLIPSIS BY CHARACTER ‘HAZEL’ IN “THE FAULT IN OUR STARS” MOVIE SCRIPT.
THE USE OF ELLIPSIS BY CHARACTER ‘HAZEL’ IN
“THE FAULT IN OUR STARS” MOVIE SCRIPT
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By :
MARTHA SONDANG MEI MORSA SIMANJUNTAK
Registration Number 2111620007
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s policy on Academic integrity.
Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed in my own words and has not previously been submitted for
assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for
plagiarism.
Medan,
June 2015
Martha Sondang Mei Morsa Simanjuntak
NIM. 2111620007
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to express her praises to Almightily
Jesus Christ who has blessed and given the ability to the writer to complete
this thesis as a partial fulfillment for the requirement for the degree of Sarjana
Sastra (S-1) at the English Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts,
State University of Medan.
This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and the
help of several individuals who always contributed and extended their
valuable assistances in the preparation and completion of this thesis. The
writer’s special appreciation goes to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts,
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department and as her Thesis Examiner, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the
Secretary of English Department, Nora Ronita Dewi, S.S., S.Pd.,
M.Hum., the Head of English Education Program and Syamsul Bahri,
S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Non-Educational Program, Faculty
of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Dra. Sortha Silitonga, M.Pd., as her Thesis Advisor.
Dra. Meisuri, MA., Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., Immanuel
Prasetya Gintings, S.S., M.Hum., as her Thesis Examiners.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd as an Administration Staff of English
Department.
the great knowledge, so that the writer can finish writing this research.
All of lecturer and staff of English Education Department who have given
The deepest thanks are expressed to her beloved parents,
F. Simanjuntak and R. br. Simorangkir for the patience, affection,
prayer
and everything that have given in order to finish her study.
ii
Thanks also given to her brother: Goldfritz Marco Octavianus
Simanjuntak, and her sister: Monica Debora Simanjuntak, Viviana
Melina Simanjuntak, S.Pd. And her cousin: Rotua Natalina Butar-
Butar. who always share happiness and give the best support.
Farel Hutabarat, her Beloved Breath who always shares everything.
Her Greatest Elit-A, for the friendship, helps, laugh, tears, having special
time and for all the sweet and happy memories. The second family who
amuse her in all her sad and remind her in all her glad.
The people who direct or indirectly contributed in this study, your
kindness means a lot to her.
At long last, humbly thank to her better half for the marvelous word
so called love.
Medan,
June 2015
The writer,
Martha Sondang Mei Morsa Simanjuntak
NIM. 2111620007
iii
ABSTRACT
Simanjuntak, Martha Sondang Mei Morsa. The Use of Ellipsis by Character
„Hazel‟ in “The Fault in Our Stars” movie script. Faculty of Language and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Ellipsis is omission of words which has been understood well from the
omission will not change the meaning of the utterance itself. We can find mostly
ellipsis in spoken language. One of spoken languages we can use as the medium
in learning ellipsis is movie script. One of many great movie scripts is The Fault
in Our Stars movie script by Scott Neustadter & Michael H. Weber. The aim of
the research is to find out the use of Ellipsis by ‘Hazel’ in The Fault in Our Stars
movie script. This research is descriptive qualitative research since it analyzes the
use of ellipsis by ‘Hazel’ in the movie script. The data are the ellipsis which are
used by character ‘Hazel’ in each her utterances in The Fault in Our Stars movie
script from 50 scenes. The result of the research shows there are three 124
utterances consist of 31 Nominal Ellipsis with 25%, 4 Verbal Ellipsis with 3.23%,
and 89 Clause Ellipsis with 71.77%. The most dominant type of Ellipsis that used
by character ‘Hazel’ in The Fault in Our Stars movie script is Clause Ellipsis with
89 total numbers and total percentages 71.77%. It means people in having
conversation want to be as effective as possible since the most complex
grammatical unit is a clause. From this research, I hope the readers, lecturers, and
students should apply ellipsis appropriately in their daily conversation in order to
avoid misunderstanding in the conversation since ellipsis appears mostly in the
informal context and daily conversation.
Keywords: Ellipsis, Movie Script “The Fault in Our Stars”
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLE ...........................................................................................
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I. INRTODUCTION.................................................................
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Background of the Study ....................................................................
The Problem of the Study ..........................................................................
The Objective of Study ..............................................................................
The Scope of the Study ..............................................................................
The Significance of the Study ....................................................................
1
4
5
5
6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATUTE.............................................
7
A. Theoretical Framework ..............................................................................
B. Cohesion.....................................................................................................
1. Types of Cohesion ..................................................................................
a. Reference........................................................................................
b. Substitution ....................................................................................
c. Lexical Cohesion ............................................................................
d. Conjunction ....................................................................................
e. Ellipsis ............................................................................................
1) Nominal Ellipsis .................................................................
a) Deictic Ellipsis .......................................................
b) Numerative Ellipsis ................................................
c) Epithet Ellipsis .......................................................
d) Classifier Ellipsis ...................................................
2) Verbal Ellipsis ....................................................................
a) Lexical Ellipsis .......................................................
b) Operator Ellipsis.....................................................
3) Clause Ellipsis ....................................................................
a) Yes/ No Ellipsis .....................................................
b) WH- Ellipsis ...........................................................
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
11
11
12
12
13
12
14
15
15
16
17
iv
C. Movie ........................................................................................................
D. Scriptwriter ................................................................................................
E. Movie Script ...............................................................................................
F. Hazel Grace Lancaster ..............................................................................
G. The Fault in Our Stars (Movie) ..................................................................
H. Michael H. Weber and Scott Neustadter .....................................................
18
19
19
20
21
22
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................
23
A.
B.
C.
D.
Research Design .........................................................................................
Data and Source of Data ............................................................................
The Technique of Collecting Data .............................................................
The Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................................
23
23
23
24
CHAPTER IV. THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ...............................
25
A. Data ...........................................................................................................
B. Data Analysis ............................................................................................
1. The Analysis of the use of Ellipsis by character ‘Hazel’
in The Fault in Our Stars movie script ...............................................
C. Research Findings.....................................................................................
D. Discussion .................................................................................................
25
25
25
54
55
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS...........................
57
A. Conclusions ..........................................................................................
B. Suggestions ..........................................................................................
57
58
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
59
v
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1
The Analysis of the use of Ellipsis by character ‘Hazel’ in The Fault
in Our Stars movie script ...............................................................................
vi
25
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDICES A ............................................................................................
62
APPENDICES B ............................................................................................
69
vii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
The Background of the Study
A social being needs language to interact with other people and
make the sense of experience. Communication highly correlates with life
since no one could survive in the world without it. In addition to basic
needs, good habit, communication skills are necessary, because of its
function to make social beings happy and improve the quality of life.
The ability to communicate information accurately, clearly and as
intended, is a vital life skill and something that should not be overlooked
(McFarland1994:56).
When we have a conversation with the other people. Sometimes
we as speaker expect them as listener to recognize what we speak, what
we want, what we act by our words. But, in informal conversation, we
often leave out words when the meaning can be understood by the listener.
This case is called the ellipsis. Ellipsis is omission from the sentence of
words needed to complete the constructions or meaning (Hornby
1974:280). In ellipsis, a word or words can be omitted but must be
considered that the meaning of the text not make any changes.
There are also some relevant studies from previous researchers
about ellipsis, such as by Al-duleimi and Jabeen (2013), Mehmood and
1
2
Iqbal (2013) found that the use of ellipsis in religious texts are to
economize on sentence space and to emphasis or style a part of the
structure that has been omitted and can restrict possible readings, express
otherwise ineffable meanings, clarify discourse functions and establish
rapport between the addresser and the addressee. In a play “The Bear” by
Anton Checkhov, they found that the use of ellipsis is to avoid the
burdening repetitions within the text and to make the whole text coherent.
And also Setiyorini (2013) found that the application of ellipsis in the
Transformers 3 “Dark of the Moon” movie script by Ehren Kruger is to
avoid the repetition and make the text beauty.
Based on three previous researchers above, it makes the researcher
gets inspiration to do analysis in different object from them and choose
other movie.
In the modernization and almost instantaneous era, people prefer
watching movies to reading novels as people do not spend a lot of time to
obtain the end of the story. Learning English through movies also support
one to practice English in listening and speaking skills.
Talk about movie. It is the representation of life. The goal for
filmmakers and screenwriters is to figure out moments of a story which are
too obvious so people can get rid of them. When filming or writing
a scene, filmmakers should start that scene at the latest possible moment
for it to be understood and felt by the audience. Filmmaking is inspired by
the events occurred. As the characters in the film are described from real
3
life in a good way of behaving and speaking. As the case in the movie
which will be analyzed, the character is filled by a beautiful teenager
named Hazel. The role brought a lesson to the audience. „The Fault In Our
Stars‟ movie has the moral lesson to stop complaining and start answering
the challenge to make the adulthood in the face of life.
In a movie, writers and directors will cut as much as they can, but
they never know what will work or not. They write and direct scenes
hoping to get the message across and obtain the best performances out of
their talent. And also a character in the movie definitely uses the same way
of expressing something through dialogue by removing the word
deliberately to shorten the time, for example, describing what can no
longer be spoken by a character in the story as a very deep emotion,
causing the word -said not out to reveal something, marking a long pause,
marking a springboard to a suddenness, events or thoughts that are
unexpected or as a sign of the completion of speaking, the paucity of
people talking, etc. That's why in speaking, many people find the use of a
short sentence or a word missing from the sentence uttered without
making any changes to the purpose of the conversation. In this modern
times, a simple way is required to communicate. Informal language is
often used in daily communication with friends or peers. Most viewers do
not know what the concept of an ellipsis is, but they sure appreciate
subliminally to use ellipsis as an advantage in watching a movie.
4
Ellipsis can show a pause in the conversation, unfinished thoughts
or things intentionally delayed or with held. And to make an effective
sentence and to avoid misunderstanding of giving information. In
Cohesion in English, the theoretical framework of ellipsis is divided into
nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis, and clausal ellipsis (Halliday and Hasan
2006).
To uncover the utterances of character on movie, the researcher
will be analyzed this study by using cohesion theory but focuses on
Ellipsis. The researcher has chosen The Fault in Our Stars movie, because
while watching this movie, the researcher found some what the character‟s
dialogue omission. It is important to get the types of ellipsis in each
utterances that can be found the use of a short sentence or a word missing
from the sentence uttered in movie, to avoid the misunderstanding and
miscommunication and also to get a good understanding on the whole
story in the movie.
Therefore, based on the explanation, reason, and previous
researches that, the writer would like to focus on the use of ellipsis by
Hazel in „The Fault in Our Stars‟ movie script.
B.
The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problems of the study can
be formulated as the following.
5
1. What types of ellipsis are used by character „Hazel‟ in The Fault in
Our Stars movie script?
2. What is the dominant type of ellipsis used by character „Hazel‟ in The
Fault in Our Stars movie script?
3. What the reasons of ellipsis are used by character „Hazel‟ in The Fault
in Our Stars movie script?
C.
The Objective of the Study
With reference to the problem, the objectives of this study are.
1.
to investigate the types of ellipsis in „The Fault In Our Stars‟ movie
script.
2.
to determine the dominant types of ellipsis in „The Fault In Our
Stars‟ movie script.
3.
to provide reasons of use ellipsis in „The Fault In Our Stars‟ movie
script.
D.
The Scope of the Study
This study is specifically restricted to the study of ellipsis are used
by character „Hazel‟ in The Fault in Our Stars movie script from 50
scenes. It is a great movie script in a 2014 American romantic- comadydrama film written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber.
6
E.
The Significance of the Study
Findings of the study are expected to be useful.
1.
For readers in order to get more information about ellipsis
and its types.
2.
For students especially the students of English Department
in order to enable them to maintain the continuity of
thought and idea and also to create the effective and
efficient sentences.
3.
For researchers can use this study as a reference in
conducting studies in the same field with larger sample and
population with different movie scripts, or they can also
study the use of cohesion devices in other sources.
58
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A.
Conclusions
After analyzing the ellipsis in each dialogue by the main character
‘Hazel’ in “The Fault in Our Stars” movie script, conclusions are drawn
as the following.
1. There are three types of ellipsis found in each utterance by the
main character ‘Hazel’ in The Fault in Our Stars movie script.
They are Nominal Ellipsis (25%) with 31 utterances, Verbal
Ellipsis (3.23%) with 4 utterances, and Clause Ellipsis (71.77%)
with 89 utterances. The total number of Ellipsis is 124 utterances
that are used by character ‘Hazel’ in The Fault in Our Stars
movie script.
2. Clause Ellipsis is the dominant types of ellipsis used in the
dialogues (71.77%). It means the clause ellipsis is used in order
to avoid the repetition of clause because it has been stated before.
Hazel in having conversation wants to be as effective as possible
since the most complex grammatical unit is a clause.
The type of ellipsis used in movie script in order to make an effective
sentence. It also can make the sentence in the script more interesting and
to be understood by the audience. In this case, a main character ‘Hazel’
uses the most Clause Ellipsis in her utterances because in this movie,
‘Hazel’ more usual conveys
59
her utterances by V.O (Voice Over). It means the scriptwriters
use ellipsis between the clause in Hazel’s sentences to economize
on sentence space and to emphasis or style a part of the structure
that has been omitted and can restrict possible readings, express
otherwise in effable meanings, clarify discourse functions and
establish rapport between Hazel and others.
B.
Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are staged as the
following:
1. It is suggested that further studies be conducted towards the
ellipsis in other field to gain more information about ellipsis.
2. It is expected that the scriptwriter of movie must concern about
the use of ellipsis in her/his script or dialogue, so the ideas or
the message of her/his words can be easily understood by the
audience or the listener.
3. From this research, the writer hopes the readers, lecturers, and
students should apply ellipsis appropriately in their daily
conversation in order to avoid misunderstanding in the
conversation since ellipsis appears mostly in the informal
context and daily conversation.
“THE FAULT IN OUR STARS” MOVIE SCRIPT
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By :
MARTHA SONDANG MEI MORSA SIMANJUNTAK
Registration Number 2111620007
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s policy on Academic integrity.
Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed in my own words and has not previously been submitted for
assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for
plagiarism.
Medan,
June 2015
Martha Sondang Mei Morsa Simanjuntak
NIM. 2111620007
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to express her praises to Almightily
Jesus Christ who has blessed and given the ability to the writer to complete
this thesis as a partial fulfillment for the requirement for the degree of Sarjana
Sastra (S-1) at the English Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts,
State University of Medan.
This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and the
help of several individuals who always contributed and extended their
valuable assistances in the preparation and completion of this thesis. The
writer’s special appreciation goes to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts,
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department and as her Thesis Examiner, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the
Secretary of English Department, Nora Ronita Dewi, S.S., S.Pd.,
M.Hum., the Head of English Education Program and Syamsul Bahri,
S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Non-Educational Program, Faculty
of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Dra. Sortha Silitonga, M.Pd., as her Thesis Advisor.
Dra. Meisuri, MA., Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., Immanuel
Prasetya Gintings, S.S., M.Hum., as her Thesis Examiners.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd as an Administration Staff of English
Department.
the great knowledge, so that the writer can finish writing this research.
All of lecturer and staff of English Education Department who have given
The deepest thanks are expressed to her beloved parents,
F. Simanjuntak and R. br. Simorangkir for the patience, affection,
prayer
and everything that have given in order to finish her study.
ii
Thanks also given to her brother: Goldfritz Marco Octavianus
Simanjuntak, and her sister: Monica Debora Simanjuntak, Viviana
Melina Simanjuntak, S.Pd. And her cousin: Rotua Natalina Butar-
Butar. who always share happiness and give the best support.
Farel Hutabarat, her Beloved Breath who always shares everything.
Her Greatest Elit-A, for the friendship, helps, laugh, tears, having special
time and for all the sweet and happy memories. The second family who
amuse her in all her sad and remind her in all her glad.
The people who direct or indirectly contributed in this study, your
kindness means a lot to her.
At long last, humbly thank to her better half for the marvelous word
so called love.
Medan,
June 2015
The writer,
Martha Sondang Mei Morsa Simanjuntak
NIM. 2111620007
iii
ABSTRACT
Simanjuntak, Martha Sondang Mei Morsa. The Use of Ellipsis by Character
„Hazel‟ in “The Fault in Our Stars” movie script. Faculty of Language and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Ellipsis is omission of words which has been understood well from the
omission will not change the meaning of the utterance itself. We can find mostly
ellipsis in spoken language. One of spoken languages we can use as the medium
in learning ellipsis is movie script. One of many great movie scripts is The Fault
in Our Stars movie script by Scott Neustadter & Michael H. Weber. The aim of
the research is to find out the use of Ellipsis by ‘Hazel’ in The Fault in Our Stars
movie script. This research is descriptive qualitative research since it analyzes the
use of ellipsis by ‘Hazel’ in the movie script. The data are the ellipsis which are
used by character ‘Hazel’ in each her utterances in The Fault in Our Stars movie
script from 50 scenes. The result of the research shows there are three 124
utterances consist of 31 Nominal Ellipsis with 25%, 4 Verbal Ellipsis with 3.23%,
and 89 Clause Ellipsis with 71.77%. The most dominant type of Ellipsis that used
by character ‘Hazel’ in The Fault in Our Stars movie script is Clause Ellipsis with
89 total numbers and total percentages 71.77%. It means people in having
conversation want to be as effective as possible since the most complex
grammatical unit is a clause. From this research, I hope the readers, lecturers, and
students should apply ellipsis appropriately in their daily conversation in order to
avoid misunderstanding in the conversation since ellipsis appears mostly in the
informal context and daily conversation.
Keywords: Ellipsis, Movie Script “The Fault in Our Stars”
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLE ...........................................................................................
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I. INRTODUCTION.................................................................
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Background of the Study ....................................................................
The Problem of the Study ..........................................................................
The Objective of Study ..............................................................................
The Scope of the Study ..............................................................................
The Significance of the Study ....................................................................
1
4
5
5
6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATUTE.............................................
7
A. Theoretical Framework ..............................................................................
B. Cohesion.....................................................................................................
1. Types of Cohesion ..................................................................................
a. Reference........................................................................................
b. Substitution ....................................................................................
c. Lexical Cohesion ............................................................................
d. Conjunction ....................................................................................
e. Ellipsis ............................................................................................
1) Nominal Ellipsis .................................................................
a) Deictic Ellipsis .......................................................
b) Numerative Ellipsis ................................................
c) Epithet Ellipsis .......................................................
d) Classifier Ellipsis ...................................................
2) Verbal Ellipsis ....................................................................
a) Lexical Ellipsis .......................................................
b) Operator Ellipsis.....................................................
3) Clause Ellipsis ....................................................................
a) Yes/ No Ellipsis .....................................................
b) WH- Ellipsis ...........................................................
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
11
11
12
12
13
12
14
15
15
16
17
iv
C. Movie ........................................................................................................
D. Scriptwriter ................................................................................................
E. Movie Script ...............................................................................................
F. Hazel Grace Lancaster ..............................................................................
G. The Fault in Our Stars (Movie) ..................................................................
H. Michael H. Weber and Scott Neustadter .....................................................
18
19
19
20
21
22
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................
23
A.
B.
C.
D.
Research Design .........................................................................................
Data and Source of Data ............................................................................
The Technique of Collecting Data .............................................................
The Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................................
23
23
23
24
CHAPTER IV. THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ...............................
25
A. Data ...........................................................................................................
B. Data Analysis ............................................................................................
1. The Analysis of the use of Ellipsis by character ‘Hazel’
in The Fault in Our Stars movie script ...............................................
C. Research Findings.....................................................................................
D. Discussion .................................................................................................
25
25
25
54
55
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS...........................
57
A. Conclusions ..........................................................................................
B. Suggestions ..........................................................................................
57
58
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
59
v
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1
The Analysis of the use of Ellipsis by character ‘Hazel’ in The Fault
in Our Stars movie script ...............................................................................
vi
25
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDICES A ............................................................................................
62
APPENDICES B ............................................................................................
69
vii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
The Background of the Study
A social being needs language to interact with other people and
make the sense of experience. Communication highly correlates with life
since no one could survive in the world without it. In addition to basic
needs, good habit, communication skills are necessary, because of its
function to make social beings happy and improve the quality of life.
The ability to communicate information accurately, clearly and as
intended, is a vital life skill and something that should not be overlooked
(McFarland1994:56).
When we have a conversation with the other people. Sometimes
we as speaker expect them as listener to recognize what we speak, what
we want, what we act by our words. But, in informal conversation, we
often leave out words when the meaning can be understood by the listener.
This case is called the ellipsis. Ellipsis is omission from the sentence of
words needed to complete the constructions or meaning (Hornby
1974:280). In ellipsis, a word or words can be omitted but must be
considered that the meaning of the text not make any changes.
There are also some relevant studies from previous researchers
about ellipsis, such as by Al-duleimi and Jabeen (2013), Mehmood and
1
2
Iqbal (2013) found that the use of ellipsis in religious texts are to
economize on sentence space and to emphasis or style a part of the
structure that has been omitted and can restrict possible readings, express
otherwise ineffable meanings, clarify discourse functions and establish
rapport between the addresser and the addressee. In a play “The Bear” by
Anton Checkhov, they found that the use of ellipsis is to avoid the
burdening repetitions within the text and to make the whole text coherent.
And also Setiyorini (2013) found that the application of ellipsis in the
Transformers 3 “Dark of the Moon” movie script by Ehren Kruger is to
avoid the repetition and make the text beauty.
Based on three previous researchers above, it makes the researcher
gets inspiration to do analysis in different object from them and choose
other movie.
In the modernization and almost instantaneous era, people prefer
watching movies to reading novels as people do not spend a lot of time to
obtain the end of the story. Learning English through movies also support
one to practice English in listening and speaking skills.
Talk about movie. It is the representation of life. The goal for
filmmakers and screenwriters is to figure out moments of a story which are
too obvious so people can get rid of them. When filming or writing
a scene, filmmakers should start that scene at the latest possible moment
for it to be understood and felt by the audience. Filmmaking is inspired by
the events occurred. As the characters in the film are described from real
3
life in a good way of behaving and speaking. As the case in the movie
which will be analyzed, the character is filled by a beautiful teenager
named Hazel. The role brought a lesson to the audience. „The Fault In Our
Stars‟ movie has the moral lesson to stop complaining and start answering
the challenge to make the adulthood in the face of life.
In a movie, writers and directors will cut as much as they can, but
they never know what will work or not. They write and direct scenes
hoping to get the message across and obtain the best performances out of
their talent. And also a character in the movie definitely uses the same way
of expressing something through dialogue by removing the word
deliberately to shorten the time, for example, describing what can no
longer be spoken by a character in the story as a very deep emotion,
causing the word -said not out to reveal something, marking a long pause,
marking a springboard to a suddenness, events or thoughts that are
unexpected or as a sign of the completion of speaking, the paucity of
people talking, etc. That's why in speaking, many people find the use of a
short sentence or a word missing from the sentence uttered without
making any changes to the purpose of the conversation. In this modern
times, a simple way is required to communicate. Informal language is
often used in daily communication with friends or peers. Most viewers do
not know what the concept of an ellipsis is, but they sure appreciate
subliminally to use ellipsis as an advantage in watching a movie.
4
Ellipsis can show a pause in the conversation, unfinished thoughts
or things intentionally delayed or with held. And to make an effective
sentence and to avoid misunderstanding of giving information. In
Cohesion in English, the theoretical framework of ellipsis is divided into
nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis, and clausal ellipsis (Halliday and Hasan
2006).
To uncover the utterances of character on movie, the researcher
will be analyzed this study by using cohesion theory but focuses on
Ellipsis. The researcher has chosen The Fault in Our Stars movie, because
while watching this movie, the researcher found some what the character‟s
dialogue omission. It is important to get the types of ellipsis in each
utterances that can be found the use of a short sentence or a word missing
from the sentence uttered in movie, to avoid the misunderstanding and
miscommunication and also to get a good understanding on the whole
story in the movie.
Therefore, based on the explanation, reason, and previous
researches that, the writer would like to focus on the use of ellipsis by
Hazel in „The Fault in Our Stars‟ movie script.
B.
The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problems of the study can
be formulated as the following.
5
1. What types of ellipsis are used by character „Hazel‟ in The Fault in
Our Stars movie script?
2. What is the dominant type of ellipsis used by character „Hazel‟ in The
Fault in Our Stars movie script?
3. What the reasons of ellipsis are used by character „Hazel‟ in The Fault
in Our Stars movie script?
C.
The Objective of the Study
With reference to the problem, the objectives of this study are.
1.
to investigate the types of ellipsis in „The Fault In Our Stars‟ movie
script.
2.
to determine the dominant types of ellipsis in „The Fault In Our
Stars‟ movie script.
3.
to provide reasons of use ellipsis in „The Fault In Our Stars‟ movie
script.
D.
The Scope of the Study
This study is specifically restricted to the study of ellipsis are used
by character „Hazel‟ in The Fault in Our Stars movie script from 50
scenes. It is a great movie script in a 2014 American romantic- comadydrama film written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber.
6
E.
The Significance of the Study
Findings of the study are expected to be useful.
1.
For readers in order to get more information about ellipsis
and its types.
2.
For students especially the students of English Department
in order to enable them to maintain the continuity of
thought and idea and also to create the effective and
efficient sentences.
3.
For researchers can use this study as a reference in
conducting studies in the same field with larger sample and
population with different movie scripts, or they can also
study the use of cohesion devices in other sources.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A.
Conclusions
After analyzing the ellipsis in each dialogue by the main character
‘Hazel’ in “The Fault in Our Stars” movie script, conclusions are drawn
as the following.
1. There are three types of ellipsis found in each utterance by the
main character ‘Hazel’ in The Fault in Our Stars movie script.
They are Nominal Ellipsis (25%) with 31 utterances, Verbal
Ellipsis (3.23%) with 4 utterances, and Clause Ellipsis (71.77%)
with 89 utterances. The total number of Ellipsis is 124 utterances
that are used by character ‘Hazel’ in The Fault in Our Stars
movie script.
2. Clause Ellipsis is the dominant types of ellipsis used in the
dialogues (71.77%). It means the clause ellipsis is used in order
to avoid the repetition of clause because it has been stated before.
Hazel in having conversation wants to be as effective as possible
since the most complex grammatical unit is a clause.
The type of ellipsis used in movie script in order to make an effective
sentence. It also can make the sentence in the script more interesting and
to be understood by the audience. In this case, a main character ‘Hazel’
uses the most Clause Ellipsis in her utterances because in this movie,
‘Hazel’ more usual conveys
59
her utterances by V.O (Voice Over). It means the scriptwriters
use ellipsis between the clause in Hazel’s sentences to economize
on sentence space and to emphasis or style a part of the structure
that has been omitted and can restrict possible readings, express
otherwise in effable meanings, clarify discourse functions and
establish rapport between Hazel and others.
B.
Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are staged as the
following:
1. It is suggested that further studies be conducted towards the
ellipsis in other field to gain more information about ellipsis.
2. It is expected that the scriptwriter of movie must concern about
the use of ellipsis in her/his script or dialogue, so the ideas or
the message of her/his words can be easily understood by the
audience or the listener.
3. From this research, the writer hopes the readers, lecturers, and
students should apply ellipsis appropriately in their daily
conversation in order to avoid misunderstanding in the
conversation since ellipsis appears mostly in the informal
context and daily conversation.