AN ANALYSIS OF CODE SWITCHING IN “BREAKOUT” NET TV.
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE SWITCHING IN
“BREAKOUT” NET TV
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department of UNIMED
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
BINTANG NOPITA. S
Reg. Number 2103220007
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thank God. First of all, the writer would like to say thank to Jesus for the
love, blessing, guarding, guidance, and everything that have been given along her
life until the writer accomplish this thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1
degree of Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts,
State University of Medan.
In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistances and
academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department.
Dr. Rahmah, M.Hum., the Head of English Literature Study Program.
Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., her Thesis Advisor.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., her Reviewer.
Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., her Reviewer.
All the Lecturers throughout her academic years at State University of
Medan that could not be mentioned one by one.
ii
Her beloved parents; her mother, Rosliana Panjaitan and her father,
Dompak Sitorus for the pray, love, moral and financial support. And also
thanks for the love and support from her dearest sister, Ana M. Friska
Sitorus and brothers Johanes Raja M. Sitorus, Krisman Ganda
M.Sitorus.
All her classmates of Applied Linguistics Regular 2010 especially
Zahrina Putri, Devi Arista, Rizky Meiyani, Desi Situmorang, Dona
Manalu, Nurhafiza, Irwan Saputra, Muis Dongoran, Adi Putra,
Novinda and others that cannot be mentioned all. And also thank for the
supports and helps from Wira Pratama Siahaan, Juliana Pakpahan and
Waldy Butar-butar.
Maam Endah and Maam Euis, for helping the writer in preparing the files
for the purposes of this thesis.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complete. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give a bit contribution to the
Applied Linguistics. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices are
expected from the readers.
Medan, Januari 2015
The writer,
Bintang Nopita. S
Reg.No. 2103220007
iii
ABSTRACT
Bintang Nopita. S. 2014. An Analysis of Code Switching in
“Breakout” Net TV. Faculty of Language and Arts. State
University of Medan, 2014.
This study concerned with Code Switching used in Breakout Net TV. This
research was conducted by using qualitative method. It focuses on the usage of
code switching in breakout. The data of this study were the utterances of the
presenters in the music program namely; Boy William and Sherryl Shenafia. The
utterances which contain code switching were identified and analyzed. The
findings show that there are three types of code switching uttered in Breakout,
namely: Conversational switching are 94 utterances (65%), metaphorical
switching are 26 utterances (18%), and situational switching are 24 utterances
(17%). It means conversational switching is the type of code switching uttered
dominantly by the presenters. Conversational switching as the dominant type of
code switching uttered in the program shows that the presenters who spent most
of their life time for living, study abroad, tend to use conversational switching as
their way of speaking for showing the prestige.
Keywords: Code Switching, Breakout Net
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
.................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................... iv
LIST OF APPENDICES .......................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study ...........................................
B. The Problem of the Study ................................................
C. The Objective of the Study ...............................................
D. The Scope of the Study .....................................................
E. The Significance of the Study ...........................................
1
4
4
5
5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Sociolinguistics ................................................................
B.Multilingualism ..................................................................
C. Bilingualism ......................................................................
D.Code Choosing ...................................................................
1. Factors of Code Choosing ........................................
a. Setting and Scene ...............................................
b. Participants ........................................................
c. Ends ..................................................................
d. Act Sequence .....................................................
e. Key .....................................................................
f. Instrumentalities .................................................
g. Norms of Interaction ..........................................
h. Genre .................................................................
E. Code Mixing .....................................................................
F. Code Switching .................................................................
1. Types of Code Switching ..........................................
a. Situational Switching .............................................
b. Metaphorical Switching ........................................
c. Conversational Switching ....................................
2. The reasons for Code Switching ...............................
a. Prestige .................................................................
b. Situational ............................................................
c. The lack of vocabulary .........................................
G. NET TV.............................................................................
H. Breakout Net .....................................................................
6
7
8
11
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
18
21
21
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design…............................................................
B. Source of Data ..................................................................
26
26
iv
C.Technique for Collecting Data ..........................................
D. Technique for Analyzing Data ..........................................
CHAPTER IV: DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS
A. Data… ...............................................................................
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................
1. The Types of Code Switching
Used by the Presenters ..................................................
a. Situational Switching ...............................................
b. Metaphorical Switching ............................................
c. Conversational Switching .........................................
2. The Dominant Type of Code Switching
Used in Breakout Net ....................................................
3. The Implication of the Dominant
Type of Code Switching ................................................
C. Research Findings… .........................................................
27
27
29
29
29
30
31
32
37
37
38
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions… ...................................................................
B. Suggestions ......................................................................
39
39
REFERENCES ..........................................................................................
41
APPENDICES ...........................................................................................
43
v
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 4.1
Code switching used by Sheryl Shenafia… ........................
29
TABLE 4.2
Code switching used by Boy Wiliam ..................................
33
TABLE 4.3
Total percentage of Code switching used in
Breakout Net TV .................................................................
37
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 Table of Dialogue Transcription Analysis… .....................
43
APPENDIX 2 Dialogue Transcriptions by Breakout’s Presenter
Boy William and Sheryl Sheinafia… .................................
53
vi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
When people use language, they do more than just to another person to
understand the speaker’s thought and feelings (Fasold, 1996:1). It holds an
important role since the language is a media to express the thoughts, feelings and
experiences.
Language is an inseparable element from daily interaction of human life to
communicate with each other. The activity or process of expressing ideas and
feelings or giving information is call communication (Hornby, 2000: 225)
Language is an identity of the people. People the entire world and
different ethnic have their own communication tool. Some people are bilingualism
or even multilingualism when these people met with another from different ethnic,
they might not use their mother tongue to communicate each other. In other cases,
we often see there are people directly change the language they are conversing to
another language when someone else ask them about something, there is also
people switch or mix their language with other language when they are speaking.
Then these phenomenons are known as Code Switching and Code Mixing. As
stated by Grosjean (1982) that code switching as the alternate use of two or more
languages in the same utterance or conversation. Then, Holmes (1992) argues that
the feature of bilingual speech such as interference, code mixing and code
switching are normal phenomenon because bilinguals often find it easier to
discuss a particular topic in one language rather than another. It means that the
1
occurrence of code switching cannot be avoid among bilingual or multilingual
people.
1
41
REFERENCES
Aslinda, Lenisyafyahya. 2000. Pengantar Sosiolinguistik.Medan: Universitas
Negeri Medan Press.
Ayeomoni, 2006.Code-Switching and Code-Mixing; Style of Language Use in
Childhood in Yoruba Speech Communication. Obafemi Awolowo
University, Nigeria.
Chaer, Agustina. 1995. Sosiolingistik, Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: PT Rineka
Cipta.
Dawson, Catherine.2002. Practical Research Methods. United Kingdom: How To
Books
Grosjean, F. 1982. Life with two languages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press.
Gumperz, J. Jhon. 1982. Discourse Strategies: Studies in Interactional
Sociolinguistics 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Gumperz J.J 1977. Conversational Code Switching in Discourse Strategies. New
York: Halt. Reinhard and Winston.
Holmes, Janet. 2001. An Introduction to Sociolinguitics: London and New York:
Longman.
Homby.A.S.2000. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary.Oxford. University Press
Iwan, Made Indrawan Jendra. 2010. Sociolinguistics. The Study of Societies’
Languanges.Yogyakarta: GrahaIlmu.
Moleong, Johannes. 2002. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung. PT Remaja
Rosdakarya Offset Bandung.
Musysken, P.2000. bilingual speech. A Typology Of Code Mixing. Cambridge
University.Cambridge University Press.
Nilep, Chad.“Code Switching” in Sociocultural Linguistics”. University of
Colorado, Boulder.Colorado Research in Linguistics, Volume 19 (2006).
Siburian, 2010.A Brief Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Medan:Universitas Negeri
Medan Press.
hhtp://www.dictionary.com (retrieved on January 19, 2014)
http://www.netmediatama.com(retrieved on March 7, 2014)
42
http://www.slideshare.net/fatimagul102/code-mixing-and-codeswitching(retrieved on 22 January)
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Code-Switching (retrieved on May 5, 2014)
http://webtrends.about.com/od/glossary (retrieved on May 5, 2014)
http://icrossing.co.uk/ebooks (retrieved on May 5, 2014)
“BREAKOUT” NET TV
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department of UNIMED
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
BINTANG NOPITA. S
Reg. Number 2103220007
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thank God. First of all, the writer would like to say thank to Jesus for the
love, blessing, guarding, guidance, and everything that have been given along her
life until the writer accomplish this thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1
degree of Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts,
State University of Medan.
In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistances and
academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department.
Dr. Rahmah, M.Hum., the Head of English Literature Study Program.
Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., her Thesis Advisor.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., her Reviewer.
Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., her Reviewer.
All the Lecturers throughout her academic years at State University of
Medan that could not be mentioned one by one.
ii
Her beloved parents; her mother, Rosliana Panjaitan and her father,
Dompak Sitorus for the pray, love, moral and financial support. And also
thanks for the love and support from her dearest sister, Ana M. Friska
Sitorus and brothers Johanes Raja M. Sitorus, Krisman Ganda
M.Sitorus.
All her classmates of Applied Linguistics Regular 2010 especially
Zahrina Putri, Devi Arista, Rizky Meiyani, Desi Situmorang, Dona
Manalu, Nurhafiza, Irwan Saputra, Muis Dongoran, Adi Putra,
Novinda and others that cannot be mentioned all. And also thank for the
supports and helps from Wira Pratama Siahaan, Juliana Pakpahan and
Waldy Butar-butar.
Maam Endah and Maam Euis, for helping the writer in preparing the files
for the purposes of this thesis.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complete. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give a bit contribution to the
Applied Linguistics. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices are
expected from the readers.
Medan, Januari 2015
The writer,
Bintang Nopita. S
Reg.No. 2103220007
iii
ABSTRACT
Bintang Nopita. S. 2014. An Analysis of Code Switching in
“Breakout” Net TV. Faculty of Language and Arts. State
University of Medan, 2014.
This study concerned with Code Switching used in Breakout Net TV. This
research was conducted by using qualitative method. It focuses on the usage of
code switching in breakout. The data of this study were the utterances of the
presenters in the music program namely; Boy William and Sherryl Shenafia. The
utterances which contain code switching were identified and analyzed. The
findings show that there are three types of code switching uttered in Breakout,
namely: Conversational switching are 94 utterances (65%), metaphorical
switching are 26 utterances (18%), and situational switching are 24 utterances
(17%). It means conversational switching is the type of code switching uttered
dominantly by the presenters. Conversational switching as the dominant type of
code switching uttered in the program shows that the presenters who spent most
of their life time for living, study abroad, tend to use conversational switching as
their way of speaking for showing the prestige.
Keywords: Code Switching, Breakout Net
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
.................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................... iv
LIST OF APPENDICES .......................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study ...........................................
B. The Problem of the Study ................................................
C. The Objective of the Study ...............................................
D. The Scope of the Study .....................................................
E. The Significance of the Study ...........................................
1
4
4
5
5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Sociolinguistics ................................................................
B.Multilingualism ..................................................................
C. Bilingualism ......................................................................
D.Code Choosing ...................................................................
1. Factors of Code Choosing ........................................
a. Setting and Scene ...............................................
b. Participants ........................................................
c. Ends ..................................................................
d. Act Sequence .....................................................
e. Key .....................................................................
f. Instrumentalities .................................................
g. Norms of Interaction ..........................................
h. Genre .................................................................
E. Code Mixing .....................................................................
F. Code Switching .................................................................
1. Types of Code Switching ..........................................
a. Situational Switching .............................................
b. Metaphorical Switching ........................................
c. Conversational Switching ....................................
2. The reasons for Code Switching ...............................
a. Prestige .................................................................
b. Situational ............................................................
c. The lack of vocabulary .........................................
G. NET TV.............................................................................
H. Breakout Net .....................................................................
6
7
8
11
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
18
21
21
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design…............................................................
B. Source of Data ..................................................................
26
26
iv
C.Technique for Collecting Data ..........................................
D. Technique for Analyzing Data ..........................................
CHAPTER IV: DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS
A. Data… ...............................................................................
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................
1. The Types of Code Switching
Used by the Presenters ..................................................
a. Situational Switching ...............................................
b. Metaphorical Switching ............................................
c. Conversational Switching .........................................
2. The Dominant Type of Code Switching
Used in Breakout Net ....................................................
3. The Implication of the Dominant
Type of Code Switching ................................................
C. Research Findings… .........................................................
27
27
29
29
29
30
31
32
37
37
38
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions… ...................................................................
B. Suggestions ......................................................................
39
39
REFERENCES ..........................................................................................
41
APPENDICES ...........................................................................................
43
v
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 4.1
Code switching used by Sheryl Shenafia… ........................
29
TABLE 4.2
Code switching used by Boy Wiliam ..................................
33
TABLE 4.3
Total percentage of Code switching used in
Breakout Net TV .................................................................
37
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 Table of Dialogue Transcription Analysis… .....................
43
APPENDIX 2 Dialogue Transcriptions by Breakout’s Presenter
Boy William and Sheryl Sheinafia… .................................
53
vi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
When people use language, they do more than just to another person to
understand the speaker’s thought and feelings (Fasold, 1996:1). It holds an
important role since the language is a media to express the thoughts, feelings and
experiences.
Language is an inseparable element from daily interaction of human life to
communicate with each other. The activity or process of expressing ideas and
feelings or giving information is call communication (Hornby, 2000: 225)
Language is an identity of the people. People the entire world and
different ethnic have their own communication tool. Some people are bilingualism
or even multilingualism when these people met with another from different ethnic,
they might not use their mother tongue to communicate each other. In other cases,
we often see there are people directly change the language they are conversing to
another language when someone else ask them about something, there is also
people switch or mix their language with other language when they are speaking.
Then these phenomenons are known as Code Switching and Code Mixing. As
stated by Grosjean (1982) that code switching as the alternate use of two or more
languages in the same utterance or conversation. Then, Holmes (1992) argues that
the feature of bilingual speech such as interference, code mixing and code
switching are normal phenomenon because bilinguals often find it easier to
discuss a particular topic in one language rather than another. It means that the
1
occurrence of code switching cannot be avoid among bilingual or multilingual
people.
1
41
REFERENCES
Aslinda, Lenisyafyahya. 2000. Pengantar Sosiolinguistik.Medan: Universitas
Negeri Medan Press.
Ayeomoni, 2006.Code-Switching and Code-Mixing; Style of Language Use in
Childhood in Yoruba Speech Communication. Obafemi Awolowo
University, Nigeria.
Chaer, Agustina. 1995. Sosiolingistik, Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: PT Rineka
Cipta.
Dawson, Catherine.2002. Practical Research Methods. United Kingdom: How To
Books
Grosjean, F. 1982. Life with two languages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press.
Gumperz, J. Jhon. 1982. Discourse Strategies: Studies in Interactional
Sociolinguistics 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Gumperz J.J 1977. Conversational Code Switching in Discourse Strategies. New
York: Halt. Reinhard and Winston.
Holmes, Janet. 2001. An Introduction to Sociolinguitics: London and New York:
Longman.
Homby.A.S.2000. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary.Oxford. University Press
Iwan, Made Indrawan Jendra. 2010. Sociolinguistics. The Study of Societies’
Languanges.Yogyakarta: GrahaIlmu.
Moleong, Johannes. 2002. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung. PT Remaja
Rosdakarya Offset Bandung.
Musysken, P.2000. bilingual speech. A Typology Of Code Mixing. Cambridge
University.Cambridge University Press.
Nilep, Chad.“Code Switching” in Sociocultural Linguistics”. University of
Colorado, Boulder.Colorado Research in Linguistics, Volume 19 (2006).
Siburian, 2010.A Brief Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Medan:Universitas Negeri
Medan Press.
hhtp://www.dictionary.com (retrieved on January 19, 2014)
http://www.netmediatama.com(retrieved on March 7, 2014)
42
http://www.slideshare.net/fatimagul102/code-mixing-and-codeswitching(retrieved on 22 January)
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Code-Switching (retrieved on May 5, 2014)
http://webtrends.about.com/od/glossary (retrieved on May 5, 2014)
http://icrossing.co.uk/ebooks (retrieved on May 5, 2014)