Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Bermukim Berdasarkan Persepsi Penghuni Perumahan Formal di Kelurahan Mojosongo Kota Surakarta.
TUGAS AKHIR
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PREFERENSI
BERMUKIM BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI PENGHUNI
PERUMAHAN FORMAL DI KELURAHAN MOJOSONGO
KOTA SURAKARTA
Diajukan Sebagai Syarat Untuk Mencapai Jenjang
Sarjana Strata-I Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota
Disusun Oleh:
FACHRUL FADILLA
I0612017
PROGRAM STUDI PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2017
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul ..................................................................................................................... i
Daftar Isi .............................................................................................................................. ii
Daftar Tabel ......................................................................................................................... iv
Daftar Gambar ..................................................................................................................... v
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................ 4
1.3 Tujuan dan Sasaran ...................................................................................... 5
1.4 Ruang Lingkup............................................................................................. 5
1.4.1 Ruang Lingkup Substansi ................................................................... 5
1.4.2 Ruang Lingkup Waktu ....................................................................... 6
1.4.3 Ruang Lingkup Wilayah..................................................................... 6
1.5 Posisi Penelitan ............................................................................................ 8
1.4.4 Posisi Penelitian Terkait Ranah Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota ...... 8
1.4.5 Posisi Penelitian Terkait Penelitian Sejenis ....................................... 9
1.6 Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................... 10
BAB II
KAJIAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 11
2.1 Definisi Persepsi .......................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 Proses Persepsi ................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 Faktor Persepsi Masyarakat ................................................................ 12
2.2 Definisi Perumahan dan Permukiman ......................................................... 13
2.1.3 Jenis Perumahan ................................................................................. 13
2.1.4 Karakteristik Perumahan Formal ........................................................ 14
2.3 Teori Preferensi ............................................................................................ 17
2.2.1 Preferensi Bermukim ....................................................................... 17
2.2.2 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Bermukim............. 18
2.4 Sintesis Teori ............................................................................................... 21
2.5 Perumusan Variabel Penelitian .................................................................... 24
2.6 Kerangka Pikir ............................................................................................. 28
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................................. 29
3.1 Pendekatan Penelitian .................................................................................. 29
3.2 Jenis Penelitian............................................................................................. 29
3.3 Kerangka Rancangan Penelitian .................................................................. 30
3.4 Variabel Penelitian ....................................................................................... 31
3.5 Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................... 37
3.5.1 Populasi .............................................................................................. 37
3.5.2 Sampel ................................................................................................ 37
3.6 Kebutuhan Data ........................................................................................... 40
3.7 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................... 41
3.8 Teknik Analisis Data.................................................................................... 43
3.9 Kerangka Analisis ........................................................................................ 45
ii
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN ...................................................................................... 46
4.1 Gambaran Kawasan Perumahan Formal di Kelurahan Mojosongo ............. 46
4.1.1 Gambaran Kelurahan Mojosongo....................................................... 46
4.1.2 Gambaran Perumahan Formal Kelurahan Mojosongo ....................... 47
4.2 Gambaran Penghuni Perumahan Formal ..................................................... 49
4.2.1 Umur ................................................................................................... 50
4.2.2 Tingkat Pendidikan ............................................................................. 50
4.2.3 Mata Pencaharian ............................................................................... 50
4.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Bermukim pada Perumahan
Formal .......................................................................................................... 51
4.3.1 Aspek Fisik ......................................................................................... 51
4.3.2 Aspek Sosial ....................................................................................... 55
4.3.3 Aspek Ekonomi ................................................................................. 60
4.3.4 Aspek Lingkungan.............................................................................. 61
4.3.5 Aspek Sarana dan Prasarana ............................................................... 66
4.4 Faktor Dominan yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Bermukim Berdasarkan
Persepsi Penghuni Perumahan Formal ........................................................ 85
BAB V
PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................................ 89
5.1 Keterkaitan Teori Terhadap Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi
Bermukim Berdasarkan Persepsi Penghuni Perumahan Formal ................. 89
5.2 Karakteristik Faktor Dominan yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi
Bermukim Berdasarkan Persepsi Penghuni Perumahan Formal ................. 91
BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ........................................................ 93
6.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 93
6.2 Rekomendasi ............................................................................................... 93
Daftar Pustaka .................................................................................................................. 95
Lampiran ............................................................................................................................ 97
iii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
1.1
1.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
5.1
Pertumbuhan Permukiman di Kelurahan Mojosongo .................................... 3
Posisi Penelitian Sejenis ................................................................................. 9
Resume Teori Karakteristik Perumahan Formal ............................................ 16
Sintesis Teori Preferensi Bermukim .............................................................. 22
Perumusan Variabel Bebas (X) ...................................................................... 24
Standar Kriteria Sarana Perumahan ............................................................... 26
Analisis Penelitian .......................................................................................... 31
Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................... 32
Populasi Kawasan Perumahan Formal ........................................................... 37
Sampel Perumahan Formal ............................................................................ 39
Kebutuhan Data .............................................................................................. 40
Umur Penghuni Perumahan Formal ............................................................... 50
Tingkat Pendidikan Penghuni Perumahan Formal ......................................... 50
Mata Pencaharian Penghuni Perumahan Formal ........................................... 51
Distibusi Frekuensi ......................................................................................... 51
Persebaran Sarana Permukiman ..................................................................... 67
Trayek Angkutan Umum yang Melintasi Wilayah Penelitian ....................... 70
Model Summary.............................................................................................. 85
Variabel yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Bermukim..................................... 86
Anova .............................................................................................................. 86
Nilai Sig Tiap Faktor ...................................................................................... 87
Uji Signifikan Variabel .................................................................................. 87
Besar Nilai Kontribusi Tiap Variabel Bebas Terhadap Variabel Terikat ...... 88
Kesesuaian Faktor dengan Literatur ............................................................... 89
iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
1.1
1.2
2.1
2.2
3.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Gambar 4.8
Gambar 4.9
Gambar 4.10
Gambar 4.11
Gambar 4.12
Gambar 4.13
Gambar 4.14
Gambar 4.15
Gambar 4.16
Gambar 4.17
Gambar 4.18
Gambar 4.19
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
Ruang Lingkup Wilayah Penelitian ............................................................. 7
Posisi Penelitian Terkait Ranah PWK ......................................................... 8
Proses Persepsi ............................................................................................. 11
Kerangka Pikir Penelitian ............................................................................ 28
Kerangka Analisis Penelitian ....................................................................... 45
Diagram Penggunaan Lahan Kelurahan Mojsoongo ................................... 46
Peta Wilayah Penelitian ............................................................................... 47
Peta Sebaran Perumahan Formal ................................................................. 48
Diagram Lama Menetap Penghuni Perumahan Formal ............................... 49
Diagram Persentase Kualitas Rumah Penghuni Perumahan Formal ........... 51
Kondisi Karakteristik Rumah ...................................................................... 52
Diagram Persentase Karakteristik Rumah Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 53
Daerah Rawan Banjir dan Genangan ........................................................... 54
Diagram Persentase Keadaan Topografi Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 55
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Pendidikan Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 56
Diagram Persentase Jenis Pekerjaan Penghuni Perumahan Formal ............ 56
Diagram Persentase Lingkup Sosial Masyarakat Penghuni Perumahan
Formal .......................................................................................................... 57
Diagram Persentase Ikatan Keluarga Penghuni Perumahan Formal ........... 58
Peta Pembagian Kawasan Perumnas Mojosongo ........................................ 59
Diagram Persentase Orientasi Komunitas Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 60
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Penghasilan dan Keterjangkauan Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 60
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Kebisingan Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 61
Diagram Persentase Lingkungan yang Bersih Penghuni Perumahan
Formal.......................................................................................................... 62
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Kenyamanan Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 63
Peta Sebaran Ruang Terbuka Hijau ............................................................. 64
Diagram Persentase Penghijauan Penghuni Perumahan Formal ................. 65
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Keamanan Penghuni Perumahan Formal ...... 65
Diagram Persentase Pandangan Sekitar Hunian Penghuni Perumahan
Formal .......................................................................................................... 66
Peta Sebaran Sarana Perumahan Formal ..................................................... 68
Diagram Persentase Kemudahan Transportasi Umum ................................ 71
Kondisi Terminal Bayangan Wilayah Penelitian ......................................... 72
Peta Trayek Angkutan Umum ..................................................................... 73
Diagram Persentase Jarak Hunian Ke Pusat Aktivitas Lain ........................ 75
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Kesehatan ....................................... 76
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Sosial.............................................. 77
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Ekonomi ......................................... 78
v
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
4.32
4.33
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.39
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Pendidikan ..................................... 78
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Peribadatan .................................... 79
Kondisi Prasarana Jalan ............................................................................... 80
Diagram Persentase Kondisi Jalan ............................................................... 80
Peta Kondisi Prasarana Jalan ....................................................................... 82
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Prasarana Drainase dan Sanitasi ................ 83
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Prasaran Air Bersih .................................... 84
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Prasarana Listrik ........................................ 85
vi
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PREFERENSI
BERMUKIM BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI PENGHUNI
PERUMAHAN FORMAL DI KELURAHAN MOJOSONGO
KOTA SURAKARTA
Diajukan Sebagai Syarat Untuk Mencapai Jenjang
Sarjana Strata-I Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota
Disusun Oleh:
FACHRUL FADILLA
I0612017
PROGRAM STUDI PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2017
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul ..................................................................................................................... i
Daftar Isi .............................................................................................................................. ii
Daftar Tabel ......................................................................................................................... iv
Daftar Gambar ..................................................................................................................... v
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................ 4
1.3 Tujuan dan Sasaran ...................................................................................... 5
1.4 Ruang Lingkup............................................................................................. 5
1.4.1 Ruang Lingkup Substansi ................................................................... 5
1.4.2 Ruang Lingkup Waktu ....................................................................... 6
1.4.3 Ruang Lingkup Wilayah..................................................................... 6
1.5 Posisi Penelitan ............................................................................................ 8
1.4.4 Posisi Penelitian Terkait Ranah Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota ...... 8
1.4.5 Posisi Penelitian Terkait Penelitian Sejenis ....................................... 9
1.6 Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................... 10
BAB II
KAJIAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 11
2.1 Definisi Persepsi .......................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 Proses Persepsi ................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 Faktor Persepsi Masyarakat ................................................................ 12
2.2 Definisi Perumahan dan Permukiman ......................................................... 13
2.1.3 Jenis Perumahan ................................................................................. 13
2.1.4 Karakteristik Perumahan Formal ........................................................ 14
2.3 Teori Preferensi ............................................................................................ 17
2.2.1 Preferensi Bermukim ....................................................................... 17
2.2.2 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Bermukim............. 18
2.4 Sintesis Teori ............................................................................................... 21
2.5 Perumusan Variabel Penelitian .................................................................... 24
2.6 Kerangka Pikir ............................................................................................. 28
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................................. 29
3.1 Pendekatan Penelitian .................................................................................. 29
3.2 Jenis Penelitian............................................................................................. 29
3.3 Kerangka Rancangan Penelitian .................................................................. 30
3.4 Variabel Penelitian ....................................................................................... 31
3.5 Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................... 37
3.5.1 Populasi .............................................................................................. 37
3.5.2 Sampel ................................................................................................ 37
3.6 Kebutuhan Data ........................................................................................... 40
3.7 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................... 41
3.8 Teknik Analisis Data.................................................................................... 43
3.9 Kerangka Analisis ........................................................................................ 45
ii
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN ...................................................................................... 46
4.1 Gambaran Kawasan Perumahan Formal di Kelurahan Mojosongo ............. 46
4.1.1 Gambaran Kelurahan Mojosongo....................................................... 46
4.1.2 Gambaran Perumahan Formal Kelurahan Mojosongo ....................... 47
4.2 Gambaran Penghuni Perumahan Formal ..................................................... 49
4.2.1 Umur ................................................................................................... 50
4.2.2 Tingkat Pendidikan ............................................................................. 50
4.2.3 Mata Pencaharian ............................................................................... 50
4.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Bermukim pada Perumahan
Formal .......................................................................................................... 51
4.3.1 Aspek Fisik ......................................................................................... 51
4.3.2 Aspek Sosial ....................................................................................... 55
4.3.3 Aspek Ekonomi ................................................................................. 60
4.3.4 Aspek Lingkungan.............................................................................. 61
4.3.5 Aspek Sarana dan Prasarana ............................................................... 66
4.4 Faktor Dominan yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Bermukim Berdasarkan
Persepsi Penghuni Perumahan Formal ........................................................ 85
BAB V
PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................................ 89
5.1 Keterkaitan Teori Terhadap Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi
Bermukim Berdasarkan Persepsi Penghuni Perumahan Formal ................. 89
5.2 Karakteristik Faktor Dominan yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi
Bermukim Berdasarkan Persepsi Penghuni Perumahan Formal ................. 91
BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ........................................................ 93
6.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 93
6.2 Rekomendasi ............................................................................................... 93
Daftar Pustaka .................................................................................................................. 95
Lampiran ............................................................................................................................ 97
iii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
Tabel
1.1
1.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
5.1
Pertumbuhan Permukiman di Kelurahan Mojosongo .................................... 3
Posisi Penelitian Sejenis ................................................................................. 9
Resume Teori Karakteristik Perumahan Formal ............................................ 16
Sintesis Teori Preferensi Bermukim .............................................................. 22
Perumusan Variabel Bebas (X) ...................................................................... 24
Standar Kriteria Sarana Perumahan ............................................................... 26
Analisis Penelitian .......................................................................................... 31
Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................... 32
Populasi Kawasan Perumahan Formal ........................................................... 37
Sampel Perumahan Formal ............................................................................ 39
Kebutuhan Data .............................................................................................. 40
Umur Penghuni Perumahan Formal ............................................................... 50
Tingkat Pendidikan Penghuni Perumahan Formal ......................................... 50
Mata Pencaharian Penghuni Perumahan Formal ........................................... 51
Distibusi Frekuensi ......................................................................................... 51
Persebaran Sarana Permukiman ..................................................................... 67
Trayek Angkutan Umum yang Melintasi Wilayah Penelitian ....................... 70
Model Summary.............................................................................................. 85
Variabel yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Bermukim..................................... 86
Anova .............................................................................................................. 86
Nilai Sig Tiap Faktor ...................................................................................... 87
Uji Signifikan Variabel .................................................................................. 87
Besar Nilai Kontribusi Tiap Variabel Bebas Terhadap Variabel Terikat ...... 88
Kesesuaian Faktor dengan Literatur ............................................................... 89
iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
1.1
1.2
2.1
2.2
3.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Gambar 4.8
Gambar 4.9
Gambar 4.10
Gambar 4.11
Gambar 4.12
Gambar 4.13
Gambar 4.14
Gambar 4.15
Gambar 4.16
Gambar 4.17
Gambar 4.18
Gambar 4.19
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
Ruang Lingkup Wilayah Penelitian ............................................................. 7
Posisi Penelitian Terkait Ranah PWK ......................................................... 8
Proses Persepsi ............................................................................................. 11
Kerangka Pikir Penelitian ............................................................................ 28
Kerangka Analisis Penelitian ....................................................................... 45
Diagram Penggunaan Lahan Kelurahan Mojsoongo ................................... 46
Peta Wilayah Penelitian ............................................................................... 47
Peta Sebaran Perumahan Formal ................................................................. 48
Diagram Lama Menetap Penghuni Perumahan Formal ............................... 49
Diagram Persentase Kualitas Rumah Penghuni Perumahan Formal ........... 51
Kondisi Karakteristik Rumah ...................................................................... 52
Diagram Persentase Karakteristik Rumah Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 53
Daerah Rawan Banjir dan Genangan ........................................................... 54
Diagram Persentase Keadaan Topografi Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 55
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Pendidikan Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 56
Diagram Persentase Jenis Pekerjaan Penghuni Perumahan Formal ............ 56
Diagram Persentase Lingkup Sosial Masyarakat Penghuni Perumahan
Formal .......................................................................................................... 57
Diagram Persentase Ikatan Keluarga Penghuni Perumahan Formal ........... 58
Peta Pembagian Kawasan Perumnas Mojosongo ........................................ 59
Diagram Persentase Orientasi Komunitas Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 60
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Penghasilan dan Keterjangkauan Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 60
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Kebisingan Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 61
Diagram Persentase Lingkungan yang Bersih Penghuni Perumahan
Formal.......................................................................................................... 62
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Kenyamanan Penghuni
Perumahan Formal ....................................................................................... 63
Peta Sebaran Ruang Terbuka Hijau ............................................................. 64
Diagram Persentase Penghijauan Penghuni Perumahan Formal ................. 65
Diagram Persentase Tingkat Keamanan Penghuni Perumahan Formal ...... 65
Diagram Persentase Pandangan Sekitar Hunian Penghuni Perumahan
Formal .......................................................................................................... 66
Peta Sebaran Sarana Perumahan Formal ..................................................... 68
Diagram Persentase Kemudahan Transportasi Umum ................................ 71
Kondisi Terminal Bayangan Wilayah Penelitian ......................................... 72
Peta Trayek Angkutan Umum ..................................................................... 73
Diagram Persentase Jarak Hunian Ke Pusat Aktivitas Lain ........................ 75
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Kesehatan ....................................... 76
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Sosial.............................................. 77
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Ekonomi ......................................... 78
v
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
Gambar
4.32
4.33
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.39
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Pendidikan ..................................... 78
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Sarana Peribadatan .................................... 79
Kondisi Prasarana Jalan ............................................................................... 80
Diagram Persentase Kondisi Jalan ............................................................... 80
Peta Kondisi Prasarana Jalan ....................................................................... 82
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Prasarana Drainase dan Sanitasi ................ 83
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Prasaran Air Bersih .................................... 84
Diagram Persentase Pelayanan Prasarana Listrik ........................................ 85
vi