Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: The Characteristics of a Mother’s Child-directed Speech Used to Her Two-year-old Daughter(A Case Study) T1 392014505 BAB V
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
5.1.
Conclusion
Mother actually plays the influential role as a model for children in providing
language data and helping them to acquire it. She has much time to spend with her
children and expected to guide them until they are ready to be a member of a
community of speech. Her language, in fact, displays certain characteristics which are
appeared in her daily conversation with her children as a part of her speech.
As stated in background of the study, this research is aimed at reporting the
subject’s CDS used to communicate to her daughter in various topics. In conducting
this research, the writer uses Ferguson’s (1977, in Kayani, 2001) theory in order to
find out what are the characteristics of CDS that appeared in the subject’s speech.
Based from the observation results, the six characteristics of CDS as stated by
Ferguson (1977, in Kayani, 2001) were found to be appeared in the subject’s speech,
are substitution, accentuation, intonation and pitch, diminutives, short grammatically
structure, and repetition. The most frequently occurred characteristic is intonation and
pitch followed by repetition and then short grammatically structure.
Firstly, substitution occurs both on sounds/pronunciation substitution and
pronoun substitution. The cases of sound substitution are the /k/ sound is subtituted
for /t/ or /l/ sound and the /s/ sound is subtituted for /c/ sound. The pronoun
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substitution of first and second person-pronoun by proper names is happened in the
pronoun I, He, and She by addressing their names directly. The purpose of sound
substitution is to make the child pronunciation of a word easier, whereas pronoun
substitution is for teaching the child to address someone else politely that might be
influenced by cultural setting factor.
Second, the accentuation is occurred by making longer intervals or pausing
within words and between words when the mother was singing, saying new words,
emphasizing important information, and also reminding or reviewing about
something. It is appeared to stimulate her child for continuing the next syllables or
words. Next characteristic is exaggerated sound intonation and high pitch which is
attempt to attract the child’s attention when she emphasizing the important
information, clarifying something, commanding, and giving warning.
Diminutive as the forth characteristic is appeared by saying the common /
familiar words around them to make the child catch what the mother’s meant easily.
Fifth, the mother speech also display short grammatically structure which is showed
by the missing one or two elements of sentence, are missing a subject, a predicate, or
and an object in her speech. The purpose of this characteristic is almost same with
diminutives. As the six characteristic, repetition is occurred by repeating the words or
clauses as the main information in order to emphasize what the mother’s meant or
want to do when the child did not yet catch it.
Moreover, the finding of this research also reveals that the writer found four
context-bound CDS’ characteristics. As a part of the subject’s speech, first, the ideal
44
structure of a sentence is changed. Next, special context-bound vocabulary (only she
and her child who know the words) is developed. Third, there is a good responding
given by her on the child word questions even though those word questions are
inappropriate. The last finding is her daughter got an appropriate word choice of
something after the mother corrected it. Those context-bound findings are appeared
because this study is conducted in Indonesian setting whereas the theories used in
Western base environment.
5.2.
Recommendation
For the further researches who work in the same issue, there are several
recommendations. The future research might focus on finding out the factors that lead
the mother in giving CDS. It will be more interesting when the subject is not only the
mother but also the baby sitter as the other child’s care taker who plays the same role
in helping the children to acquire language. Besides, it is also challenging to conduct
the study in larger scale of study by finding out and comparing the CDS of mothers
who come from such as in different education background.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
5.1.
Conclusion
Mother actually plays the influential role as a model for children in providing
language data and helping them to acquire it. She has much time to spend with her
children and expected to guide them until they are ready to be a member of a
community of speech. Her language, in fact, displays certain characteristics which are
appeared in her daily conversation with her children as a part of her speech.
As stated in background of the study, this research is aimed at reporting the
subject’s CDS used to communicate to her daughter in various topics. In conducting
this research, the writer uses Ferguson’s (1977, in Kayani, 2001) theory in order to
find out what are the characteristics of CDS that appeared in the subject’s speech.
Based from the observation results, the six characteristics of CDS as stated by
Ferguson (1977, in Kayani, 2001) were found to be appeared in the subject’s speech,
are substitution, accentuation, intonation and pitch, diminutives, short grammatically
structure, and repetition. The most frequently occurred characteristic is intonation and
pitch followed by repetition and then short grammatically structure.
Firstly, substitution occurs both on sounds/pronunciation substitution and
pronoun substitution. The cases of sound substitution are the /k/ sound is subtituted
for /t/ or /l/ sound and the /s/ sound is subtituted for /c/ sound. The pronoun
42
43
substitution of first and second person-pronoun by proper names is happened in the
pronoun I, He, and She by addressing their names directly. The purpose of sound
substitution is to make the child pronunciation of a word easier, whereas pronoun
substitution is for teaching the child to address someone else politely that might be
influenced by cultural setting factor.
Second, the accentuation is occurred by making longer intervals or pausing
within words and between words when the mother was singing, saying new words,
emphasizing important information, and also reminding or reviewing about
something. It is appeared to stimulate her child for continuing the next syllables or
words. Next characteristic is exaggerated sound intonation and high pitch which is
attempt to attract the child’s attention when she emphasizing the important
information, clarifying something, commanding, and giving warning.
Diminutive as the forth characteristic is appeared by saying the common /
familiar words around them to make the child catch what the mother’s meant easily.
Fifth, the mother speech also display short grammatically structure which is showed
by the missing one or two elements of sentence, are missing a subject, a predicate, or
and an object in her speech. The purpose of this characteristic is almost same with
diminutives. As the six characteristic, repetition is occurred by repeating the words or
clauses as the main information in order to emphasize what the mother’s meant or
want to do when the child did not yet catch it.
Moreover, the finding of this research also reveals that the writer found four
context-bound CDS’ characteristics. As a part of the subject’s speech, first, the ideal
44
structure of a sentence is changed. Next, special context-bound vocabulary (only she
and her child who know the words) is developed. Third, there is a good responding
given by her on the child word questions even though those word questions are
inappropriate. The last finding is her daughter got an appropriate word choice of
something after the mother corrected it. Those context-bound findings are appeared
because this study is conducted in Indonesian setting whereas the theories used in
Western base environment.
5.2.
Recommendation
For the further researches who work in the same issue, there are several
recommendations. The future research might focus on finding out the factors that lead
the mother in giving CDS. It will be more interesting when the subject is not only the
mother but also the baby sitter as the other child’s care taker who plays the same role
in helping the children to acquire language. Besides, it is also challenging to conduct
the study in larger scale of study by finding out and comparing the CDS of mothers
who come from such as in different education background.