SPEECH FUNCTIONS USED AMONG SELLERS AND PURCHASERS IN THE PADANGSIDIMPUAN TRADITIONAL MARKET.
SPEECH FUNCTIONS USED AMONG SELLERS AND
PURCHASERS IN THE PADANGSIDIMPUAN
TRADITIONAL MARKET
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
ABDUL RAHMAN SIAGIAN
Registration Number: 8106111001
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2012
SPEECH FUNCTIONS USED AMONG SELLERS AND
PURCHASERS IN THE PADANGSIDIMPUAN
TRADITIONAL MARKET
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
ABDUL RAHMAN SIAGIAN
Registration Number: 8106111001
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2012
ABSTRACT
Abdul Rahman Siagian, Speech Function Used Among Sellers and Purchasers
In The Padangsidimpuan Traditional Market. Thesis: English Applied
Linguistics Study Program. State University of Medan 2012.
This study deals with the analysis of Speech Function among used sellers and
purchasers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market. The objectives are to find
types of speech functions used by seller and purchaser in the Padangsidimpuan
traditional market, the dominant types of speech functions used by sellers and
purchasers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market, and the reason why speech
functions are realized by seller and purchaser in the Padangsidimpuan traditional
market the way they are. The research was conducted based on the qualitative
descriptive and used the trustworthiness to analyzed of the data. The data
collected were conversational texts and it was analyzed by comparing what
happened during all phenomena involved were related to the theories of the
coding of, speech function, speech function coded into moves and its
realization in mood clause. The place of the researched are Pasar tradisional
Sangkumpal Bonang, Pasar tradisional Utcok kodok, Pasar Tradisional
Sadabuan, Pasar Tradisional Padangmatinggi.The analyzed the data were taken
from sellers and purchasers of does traditional market. The findings show that the
types used such as Statement such as: Attribution, Material, Mental, Relational,
acknowledge statement, question, response statement to question, offer,
acknowledge offer, command and response offer to command were used by
sellers and purchasers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market.
iii
ABSTRACT
Abdul Rahman Siagian, Speech Function Used Among Sellers and Purchasers
In The Padangsidimpuan Traditional Market. Thesis: English Applied
Linguistics Study Program. State University of Medan 2012.
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentipikasi tipe speech function yang digunakan
si penjual dan sipembeli di pasar tardisional padangsidimpuan. Objeknya yaitu 1)
untuk menjabarkan speech function yang digunakan sipenjual dan sipembeli di
pasar tradisional Padangsidimpuan, 2) untuk mengelaborasikan bagaimana speech
function yang digunakan sipenjual dan sipembeli di pasar tradisional
Padangsidimpuan, 3) untuk mencari alasan kenapa speech function sipembeli dan
sipenjual tidak menyadari kebisan mereka. Data terdiri dari sipenjual dan
sipembeli di pasar tradisional Padangsidimpuan dan analisa yang digunakan
dengan langkah trustworthiness dalam metode kualitatip dan desktiptive analysis
adalah untuk mengelompokkan data dari teks percakapan antara sipenjual dan
sipembeli di pasar tradisional Padangsidimpuan. Data yang telah terkumpul dari
teks percakapan dan teks tersebut dianalisa dengan menggunakan perbandingan
phenomena yang telah terjadi selama ada hubungan dengan teori dan kodenya
yaitu Move, Speech Function, dan Mood. Ada 16 komunikasi atau interaksi dan
porsi speech function yang digunakan si penjual dalam produk barang yang
mudah rusak yaitu kangkung, bawang, jeruk, salak dan ikan tongkol adalah
statement (25%) dan barang yang produknya tahan lama yaitu celana jeans,
sepatu, tas, kemeja dan plash disk juga statement (26.15%). Speech function
adalah salah satu kontibusi untuk sipenjual ketahui
dikarenakan sipembeli
membutuhkan informasi dan pelayanan prima ketika berinteraksi dan
menggunakan proposal language dalam berinteraksi dipasar tradisional
padangsidimpuan.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, the writer would like to express his greatest gratitude
to Allah SWT, the Almighty that has given him the ability, health, and safety to
finish this thesis completely.
In completing this thesis, the writer would like to express his biggest debt
is therefore to some persons. They are:
First, the writer would like to record his gratefully acknowledge to Prof.
Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd as the Head of English Applied Linguistics, Dr Anni
Holila Pulungan M.Hum as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics in
UNIMED and as the first advisor of the writer who has kindly assisted him in
guiding, direction, revising and correcting the systematic or the concept of this
thesis and also the writer would like to record his gratefully acknowledge to Prof
Dr. Lince Sihombing M.Pd, Prof. Amrin Saragih, Ph.D., M.A, as the second
advisor of the writer who has also kindly assisted him in guiding, direction,
revising and correcting the systematic or the concept of this thesis May Allah
bless them.
Second, the writer also would like to express his gratitude expression to
the riviewers and examiners in examinations; Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd,
Prof, Dr. Sumarsih,M.Pd, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A right from Proposal Seminar
up to Green Table Examination. God bless them.
Third, the writer also would like to thank to all lecturers and tutors,
classmates belonging to Regular class A.2 INTAKE XVIII for giving him the
i
valuable knowledge during the study in English Applied Linguistics of
Postgraduate School in the State University of Medan (UNIMED).
Fourth, the writer also would like to express his thanks to Sellers in pasar
tradisional padangsidimpuan and Kepala Dinas Pasar padangsidimpuan for their
helping and support and to provide the time and the chance during conducting this
study.
Fifth, to his beloved parents; Samaruddin Siagian (ALM) and Limbayung
Harahap (ALM) and his beloved sister and brother; Hotmasari Siagian, Muksin
Siagian S.Sos, Masrohaya Siagian Am.Kes for their supports and advices to him
until he finished this thesis.
Next, to his beloved wife Novalia Kasturi Pulungan S.Pd and his beloved
twin daughters Naylah Anzannah (Kakak) and Azizi Dien (Adek) boru Siagian for
their atmosphere, patience and support to let him continue his study until he
finished this thesis.
Finally, the writer has lost his wise words to pray to Allah SWT, to give
them proper reward. Amin.
Medan, December 27th , 2012
The Writer,
Abdul Rahman Siagian
Reg. Number: 8106111001
ii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
1. Speech Functions .......................................................................................... 27
2. Type of Speech Functions ............................................................................. 28
3. Elaboration of Speech Functions in Mood .................................................. 34
4. Speech Roles and Commodities in Interaction ............................................ 36
5. Speech Functions and Responses ................................................................ 38
6. Speech Function and Typical Mood of Clause ........................................... 39
7. Speech Functions and Typical Clause and
Non-Typical Clause of Mood.. ............................................................. 40
8. Proportion of Speech Function by the sellers ........................................ 75
9. Proportion of Speech Function by the purchasers ................................. 76
10. Proportion of Mood sellers and Purchaser ........................................... 77
11. Proportion of Speech Function by the sellers ...................................... 78
12. Proportion of Speech Function by the Purchaser ................................. 79
13. Proportion of Mood sellers and Purchasers ......................................... 80
14. The Comparison of Transaction A with Transaction B ...................... 82
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1. The Derivation of Speech Functions ........................................................... 29
2. Code of Speech Function ............................................................................... 33
3. System Network of speech Function ............................................................. 69
90
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion
The interpersonal language refers to language used to enable one to
participate in communicative acts with another, to take on roles and to express
and understand feelings, attitudes, judgments and to exchange their experience
each other. This interpersonal function pours out through the elements participated
in the interaction. Based on the finding as presented in previous chapter,
conclusion are drawn as the following
(1) At the lexicogrammar level the four speech functions are realized coded as
Statement, Question, Offer and Command. The types of speech function
used by sellers in the less lasting product dominantly are statement (giving
information the product to by purchasers) and the purchasers used
command (demanding good & service about the quality of products and
prices) but the different with the long lasting product the sellers used
dominantly statement and purchasers is question. The four speech
functions used in the interaction of sellers with purchasers are coded into
the form of Moods : Declarative, Elliptical Declarative, Interrogative and
Imperative. The most dominant speech function used by sellers and
purchaser in less and long lasting goods product is declarative because
giving information of products.
91
(2) The speech function used by sellers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional
market dominantly is speakers and the purchasers is dominant hearer. The
proportions of speech functions used by sellers in less lasting product
commodity “kangkung, bawang, jeruk, salak and ikan tongkol were:
statement (25%) followed by command (17.5%), response offer to
command (17.5%), response to statement question (15%), question
(12.5%), aknowledge statement (10%), and aknowledge offer (2.5%). The
interaction of long lasting good commodity jeans, shoes, bags, shirts and
plash disk used by sellers of statement (26.15%) followed by question
(20%), response to statement question (15.38%), command (13.85%),
aknowledge statement (13.85%), response offer command (6.15%) and
offer (4.62%) and then the purchaser are question (25.58%) followed by
statement (23.65%), response to statement question (20.93%), command
(11.63%), aknowledge statement (6.98%), response offer command
(6.98%) and aknowledge offer (4.65%).
(3) Speech function is one contributed for the sellers to know because the
purchasers need information and good & service when in the interaction
and the sellers used the proposal language for negotiation in the
Padangsidimpuan traditional market.
92
5.2 Suggestion
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are staged as the following.
1. It is suggested that all elements of traditional market should know the
interpersonal coding in order to avoid misunderstanding with one another in
the field interaction especially traditional market and user the fourthly types
of speech function such as Calling, Response to Calling, Greeting, Response
to Greeting, Exclamation and response to Exclamation.
2. All elements of traditional market are suggested to use speech functions well,
because using speech function enable speakers and listeners to express their
needs, message and to give information clearly.
3. It is worthy suggesting that others researchers should do further studies from
the perspectives or theories of other linguistic fields.
4. It is suggested that the purchaser involved in the market activities should have
good knowledge of speech function by which the can interact in the market
effectively and it suggest for the seller to used call, greeting and exclamation.
94
REFERENCE
Bass. 1960. Style of communication
Bloor, T. & M. Bloor.1995. The Functional Analysis of English.
Approach. Oxford University Press : London.
A Hallidayan
Brinton.L.J.2000. The Structure of Modern English; A Linuguistic Introduction.
Jhon Bejamin Publishing Accompany: Amsterdam
D.Alan Cruse.2000. Meaning in Language an Introduction to Semantic and
Pragmatics. Oxford university Press. London.
Eggin, S. 2004. An Introduction to systemic Functional Systemic.
Continuum : New York.
Ennew, George.2000. Speech Act as Reflection of The Word.
University press: New York.
Cambridge
Gerald Nelson. 2002 : An Introduction English Grammar.
Great Britain. Hongkong.
Grundy, Peter. 2000. Doing Pragmatic . Oxford University: New York.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Edward Arnold
(Publisher) ltd Australia.
----------- 1994. Functional Grammar. Oxford University Press : London
James P. Spradley.(1980) Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston
Leech, G.1993. Prinsip-prinsip Pragmatik. Terj. Oka.
Press :Jakarta.
Universitas Indonesia
Martin J.R. 1992. System and Structure. Philadelphia. Amsterdam.
Mulyana, 2000. Ilmu Komunikasi Suatu Pengantar. PT Remaja Rosda Karya :
Bandung.
Moeloeng, L.J. 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosda Karya :
Bandung.
Neumann W Lawrence. 1991. Social Research Method.Qualitative and
Quantitative Aproach. Allyn & Bacon : Boston.
95
Patrick Griffith.2006. An Introduction to English Semantic and Pragmatic.
Edinburg University.
Paul R. Kroeger, 2005 : Analyzing Grammar An Introduction. Cambridge
University Press. London.
Purba, L. 2008. Interpersonal Meanings : Speech Function in Court Room
Texts.Unpublished Master of Humaniora Thesis. English Applied Linguistic
Study Program. Medan.
Robin Wroffit, 2005 : Conversation and Discourse Analysis. Cambridge
University Press. London.
Renkema, jan.1993. Discourse Study an Introductory Textbook.
John Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
Ruwaida, S. 2010. Speech Function in Classroom Interaction. Unpublished
Master of Humaniora Thesis. English Applied Linguistic Study Program.
Medan.
Saragih, A.2004. Discourse Analysis. A Systematic Functional Approachess to
The Analysis of the Text. Faculty of Language and Art. The State University
of Medan.
---------.2006. Bahasa dalam Konteks Sosial. Faculty of Language and Art. The
State University of Medan.
Searle, John R. 1980. Speech Function, an Essay of The Philosophy of Language.
Cambridge : London.
Thompson, G. 1996. Introduction Functional Grammar. London.
--------------.G. 2003. Communication and Language. London.
Tsohadzidis, savas L. 1994. Foundation of Speech act Theory.
London.
Routledge :
PURCHASERS IN THE PADANGSIDIMPUAN
TRADITIONAL MARKET
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
ABDUL RAHMAN SIAGIAN
Registration Number: 8106111001
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2012
SPEECH FUNCTIONS USED AMONG SELLERS AND
PURCHASERS IN THE PADANGSIDIMPUAN
TRADITIONAL MARKET
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
ABDUL RAHMAN SIAGIAN
Registration Number: 8106111001
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2012
ABSTRACT
Abdul Rahman Siagian, Speech Function Used Among Sellers and Purchasers
In The Padangsidimpuan Traditional Market. Thesis: English Applied
Linguistics Study Program. State University of Medan 2012.
This study deals with the analysis of Speech Function among used sellers and
purchasers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market. The objectives are to find
types of speech functions used by seller and purchaser in the Padangsidimpuan
traditional market, the dominant types of speech functions used by sellers and
purchasers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market, and the reason why speech
functions are realized by seller and purchaser in the Padangsidimpuan traditional
market the way they are. The research was conducted based on the qualitative
descriptive and used the trustworthiness to analyzed of the data. The data
collected were conversational texts and it was analyzed by comparing what
happened during all phenomena involved were related to the theories of the
coding of, speech function, speech function coded into moves and its
realization in mood clause. The place of the researched are Pasar tradisional
Sangkumpal Bonang, Pasar tradisional Utcok kodok, Pasar Tradisional
Sadabuan, Pasar Tradisional Padangmatinggi.The analyzed the data were taken
from sellers and purchasers of does traditional market. The findings show that the
types used such as Statement such as: Attribution, Material, Mental, Relational,
acknowledge statement, question, response statement to question, offer,
acknowledge offer, command and response offer to command were used by
sellers and purchasers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional market.
iii
ABSTRACT
Abdul Rahman Siagian, Speech Function Used Among Sellers and Purchasers
In The Padangsidimpuan Traditional Market. Thesis: English Applied
Linguistics Study Program. State University of Medan 2012.
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentipikasi tipe speech function yang digunakan
si penjual dan sipembeli di pasar tardisional padangsidimpuan. Objeknya yaitu 1)
untuk menjabarkan speech function yang digunakan sipenjual dan sipembeli di
pasar tradisional Padangsidimpuan, 2) untuk mengelaborasikan bagaimana speech
function yang digunakan sipenjual dan sipembeli di pasar tradisional
Padangsidimpuan, 3) untuk mencari alasan kenapa speech function sipembeli dan
sipenjual tidak menyadari kebisan mereka. Data terdiri dari sipenjual dan
sipembeli di pasar tradisional Padangsidimpuan dan analisa yang digunakan
dengan langkah trustworthiness dalam metode kualitatip dan desktiptive analysis
adalah untuk mengelompokkan data dari teks percakapan antara sipenjual dan
sipembeli di pasar tradisional Padangsidimpuan. Data yang telah terkumpul dari
teks percakapan dan teks tersebut dianalisa dengan menggunakan perbandingan
phenomena yang telah terjadi selama ada hubungan dengan teori dan kodenya
yaitu Move, Speech Function, dan Mood. Ada 16 komunikasi atau interaksi dan
porsi speech function yang digunakan si penjual dalam produk barang yang
mudah rusak yaitu kangkung, bawang, jeruk, salak dan ikan tongkol adalah
statement (25%) dan barang yang produknya tahan lama yaitu celana jeans,
sepatu, tas, kemeja dan plash disk juga statement (26.15%). Speech function
adalah salah satu kontibusi untuk sipenjual ketahui
dikarenakan sipembeli
membutuhkan informasi dan pelayanan prima ketika berinteraksi dan
menggunakan proposal language dalam berinteraksi dipasar tradisional
padangsidimpuan.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, the writer would like to express his greatest gratitude
to Allah SWT, the Almighty that has given him the ability, health, and safety to
finish this thesis completely.
In completing this thesis, the writer would like to express his biggest debt
is therefore to some persons. They are:
First, the writer would like to record his gratefully acknowledge to Prof.
Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd as the Head of English Applied Linguistics, Dr Anni
Holila Pulungan M.Hum as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics in
UNIMED and as the first advisor of the writer who has kindly assisted him in
guiding, direction, revising and correcting the systematic or the concept of this
thesis and also the writer would like to record his gratefully acknowledge to Prof
Dr. Lince Sihombing M.Pd, Prof. Amrin Saragih, Ph.D., M.A, as the second
advisor of the writer who has also kindly assisted him in guiding, direction,
revising and correcting the systematic or the concept of this thesis May Allah
bless them.
Second, the writer also would like to express his gratitude expression to
the riviewers and examiners in examinations; Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd,
Prof, Dr. Sumarsih,M.Pd, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A right from Proposal Seminar
up to Green Table Examination. God bless them.
Third, the writer also would like to thank to all lecturers and tutors,
classmates belonging to Regular class A.2 INTAKE XVIII for giving him the
i
valuable knowledge during the study in English Applied Linguistics of
Postgraduate School in the State University of Medan (UNIMED).
Fourth, the writer also would like to express his thanks to Sellers in pasar
tradisional padangsidimpuan and Kepala Dinas Pasar padangsidimpuan for their
helping and support and to provide the time and the chance during conducting this
study.
Fifth, to his beloved parents; Samaruddin Siagian (ALM) and Limbayung
Harahap (ALM) and his beloved sister and brother; Hotmasari Siagian, Muksin
Siagian S.Sos, Masrohaya Siagian Am.Kes for their supports and advices to him
until he finished this thesis.
Next, to his beloved wife Novalia Kasturi Pulungan S.Pd and his beloved
twin daughters Naylah Anzannah (Kakak) and Azizi Dien (Adek) boru Siagian for
their atmosphere, patience and support to let him continue his study until he
finished this thesis.
Finally, the writer has lost his wise words to pray to Allah SWT, to give
them proper reward. Amin.
Medan, December 27th , 2012
The Writer,
Abdul Rahman Siagian
Reg. Number: 8106111001
ii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
1. Speech Functions .......................................................................................... 27
2. Type of Speech Functions ............................................................................. 28
3. Elaboration of Speech Functions in Mood .................................................. 34
4. Speech Roles and Commodities in Interaction ............................................ 36
5. Speech Functions and Responses ................................................................ 38
6. Speech Function and Typical Mood of Clause ........................................... 39
7. Speech Functions and Typical Clause and
Non-Typical Clause of Mood.. ............................................................. 40
8. Proportion of Speech Function by the sellers ........................................ 75
9. Proportion of Speech Function by the purchasers ................................. 76
10. Proportion of Mood sellers and Purchaser ........................................... 77
11. Proportion of Speech Function by the sellers ...................................... 78
12. Proportion of Speech Function by the Purchaser ................................. 79
13. Proportion of Mood sellers and Purchasers ......................................... 80
14. The Comparison of Transaction A with Transaction B ...................... 82
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1. The Derivation of Speech Functions ........................................................... 29
2. Code of Speech Function ............................................................................... 33
3. System Network of speech Function ............................................................. 69
90
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion
The interpersonal language refers to language used to enable one to
participate in communicative acts with another, to take on roles and to express
and understand feelings, attitudes, judgments and to exchange their experience
each other. This interpersonal function pours out through the elements participated
in the interaction. Based on the finding as presented in previous chapter,
conclusion are drawn as the following
(1) At the lexicogrammar level the four speech functions are realized coded as
Statement, Question, Offer and Command. The types of speech function
used by sellers in the less lasting product dominantly are statement (giving
information the product to by purchasers) and the purchasers used
command (demanding good & service about the quality of products and
prices) but the different with the long lasting product the sellers used
dominantly statement and purchasers is question. The four speech
functions used in the interaction of sellers with purchasers are coded into
the form of Moods : Declarative, Elliptical Declarative, Interrogative and
Imperative. The most dominant speech function used by sellers and
purchaser in less and long lasting goods product is declarative because
giving information of products.
91
(2) The speech function used by sellers in the Padangsidimpuan traditional
market dominantly is speakers and the purchasers is dominant hearer. The
proportions of speech functions used by sellers in less lasting product
commodity “kangkung, bawang, jeruk, salak and ikan tongkol were:
statement (25%) followed by command (17.5%), response offer to
command (17.5%), response to statement question (15%), question
(12.5%), aknowledge statement (10%), and aknowledge offer (2.5%). The
interaction of long lasting good commodity jeans, shoes, bags, shirts and
plash disk used by sellers of statement (26.15%) followed by question
(20%), response to statement question (15.38%), command (13.85%),
aknowledge statement (13.85%), response offer command (6.15%) and
offer (4.62%) and then the purchaser are question (25.58%) followed by
statement (23.65%), response to statement question (20.93%), command
(11.63%), aknowledge statement (6.98%), response offer command
(6.98%) and aknowledge offer (4.65%).
(3) Speech function is one contributed for the sellers to know because the
purchasers need information and good & service when in the interaction
and the sellers used the proposal language for negotiation in the
Padangsidimpuan traditional market.
92
5.2 Suggestion
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are staged as the following.
1. It is suggested that all elements of traditional market should know the
interpersonal coding in order to avoid misunderstanding with one another in
the field interaction especially traditional market and user the fourthly types
of speech function such as Calling, Response to Calling, Greeting, Response
to Greeting, Exclamation and response to Exclamation.
2. All elements of traditional market are suggested to use speech functions well,
because using speech function enable speakers and listeners to express their
needs, message and to give information clearly.
3. It is worthy suggesting that others researchers should do further studies from
the perspectives or theories of other linguistic fields.
4. It is suggested that the purchaser involved in the market activities should have
good knowledge of speech function by which the can interact in the market
effectively and it suggest for the seller to used call, greeting and exclamation.
94
REFERENCE
Bass. 1960. Style of communication
Bloor, T. & M. Bloor.1995. The Functional Analysis of English.
Approach. Oxford University Press : London.
A Hallidayan
Brinton.L.J.2000. The Structure of Modern English; A Linuguistic Introduction.
Jhon Bejamin Publishing Accompany: Amsterdam
D.Alan Cruse.2000. Meaning in Language an Introduction to Semantic and
Pragmatics. Oxford university Press. London.
Eggin, S. 2004. An Introduction to systemic Functional Systemic.
Continuum : New York.
Ennew, George.2000. Speech Act as Reflection of The Word.
University press: New York.
Cambridge
Gerald Nelson. 2002 : An Introduction English Grammar.
Great Britain. Hongkong.
Grundy, Peter. 2000. Doing Pragmatic . Oxford University: New York.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Edward Arnold
(Publisher) ltd Australia.
----------- 1994. Functional Grammar. Oxford University Press : London
James P. Spradley.(1980) Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston
Leech, G.1993. Prinsip-prinsip Pragmatik. Terj. Oka.
Press :Jakarta.
Universitas Indonesia
Martin J.R. 1992. System and Structure. Philadelphia. Amsterdam.
Mulyana, 2000. Ilmu Komunikasi Suatu Pengantar. PT Remaja Rosda Karya :
Bandung.
Moeloeng, L.J. 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosda Karya :
Bandung.
Neumann W Lawrence. 1991. Social Research Method.Qualitative and
Quantitative Aproach. Allyn & Bacon : Boston.
95
Patrick Griffith.2006. An Introduction to English Semantic and Pragmatic.
Edinburg University.
Paul R. Kroeger, 2005 : Analyzing Grammar An Introduction. Cambridge
University Press. London.
Purba, L. 2008. Interpersonal Meanings : Speech Function in Court Room
Texts.Unpublished Master of Humaniora Thesis. English Applied Linguistic
Study Program. Medan.
Robin Wroffit, 2005 : Conversation and Discourse Analysis. Cambridge
University Press. London.
Renkema, jan.1993. Discourse Study an Introductory Textbook.
John Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
Ruwaida, S. 2010. Speech Function in Classroom Interaction. Unpublished
Master of Humaniora Thesis. English Applied Linguistic Study Program.
Medan.
Saragih, A.2004. Discourse Analysis. A Systematic Functional Approachess to
The Analysis of the Text. Faculty of Language and Art. The State University
of Medan.
---------.2006. Bahasa dalam Konteks Sosial. Faculty of Language and Art. The
State University of Medan.
Searle, John R. 1980. Speech Function, an Essay of The Philosophy of Language.
Cambridge : London.
Thompson, G. 1996. Introduction Functional Grammar. London.
--------------.G. 2003. Communication and Language. London.
Tsohadzidis, savas L. 1994. Foundation of Speech act Theory.
London.
Routledge :