SEARCH FOR EXISTENCE IN FATIMA MERNISSI’S Search For Existence In Fatima Mernissi’s Dreams Of Trespass Novel ( 1994 ): An Existentialist Approach.
SEARCH FOR EXISTENCE IN FATIMA MERNISSI’S
DREAMS OF TRESPASS NOVEL ( 1994 ):
AN EXISTENTIALIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
YUNI GEMIATI
A.320 080 025
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRANING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
APPROVAL
APPROVAL
SEARCII
FOR
EXISTENCE
SEARCH
FOR
EXISTENCE
IN FATIMA
MERNISSI’S
IN FATIMA
MERIYISSTS
DNEAMS
DREAMS
OF OF
TRESPASS
NOVEL ( 1994
):
TnSSPA,SSNOVEL
( 1994
):
EXISTENTIALIST
AN AN
EXISTENTIALIST
APPROACH
APPROACII
RESEARCH
PAPER
RESBARCU
PAPER
by by
YUNI
GEMIATI
GqwArx
I.tD{r
A 320
A 320
080080
025025
Apprwedto io
Exruirodbyby
Approved
bebc
Examined
thetheConsulhnt
Consultant Team
Teem
FlrctConsultant
Consultent
First
Second
SeoondConsultant
Couultenl
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
Nur Hidayat, S. Pd.
NIK.772
NIK.771
ii
ACCEPTANCE
ACCEPTANCE
Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiner
Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiner
$chool of Teacher Training and Education
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah Univcrsify of Surakarta
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On Juty 2012
On July 2012
Team ofExaminer:
Team 1.
of Examiner:
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
1. Dr. Phil.
Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
NIK.772
NIK. (Chair
772 Person)
(Chair Person)
2. Nur Hidayat S. Pd.
2. Nur Hidayat,
NIIC 771S. Pd.
NIK. (Member
771
I)
(Member I)
3. Drs. AbdillahNugoho, M. Hum.
3. Drs. Abdillah
NIK.589Nugoho, M. Hum.
NIK. (Member
589
II)
(Member II)
(
)
(
)
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK.547
llr
)
(
Dean,
iii
19-.-*g)(
TESTIMONY
ITSTIMONY
Herswittr"
I te$iry
in this
Herewith,
I testify
thatthat
in this
research
paper,
there
are are
no no
plagiarism
of of
resmrch
ppex
therp
plagiarisn
pnevious
literary
works
which
thethe
previous
literary
works
which
have
been
raised
to obtain
bachelor
degree
of aof a
have
been
raiscd
to olitain
bachclor
degrec
universiqv,
there
opinions
university,
nornor
there
areare
opinions
or or
masterpieces
which
have
been
written
or
masErpieces
which
have
been
writ&n
r
published
others,
excefl
those
published
by by
others,
except
those
in in
which
thethe
writing
areare
referred
in in
thettc
which
writing
refened
manuscript
mentionod
in literature
manuscript
andand
mentioned
in literature
review
andand
bibliography.
review
bibliography.
Hence,
later,
if isit is
proven
Hence,
later,
if it
proven
thatthat
areare
some
untrue
statements
in in
thistfrfo
some
untnre
statements
testimony,
I will
fully
responsible.
testimony,
I will
be be
fully
responsible.
Surakarta, July
Yuni Gemiati
4.320
A.320
080
025
0r0
025
ivlv
2012
MOTTO
I praise loudly, I blame softly
( Queen Catherine II )
Success is how high you bounce after you hit
bottom
( George Patton )
“ Never be afraid to tread the path alone. Know
which is your path and follow is wherever it may
lead you, do not feel you have to follow in
someone else’s footstep “
( Eillen Caddy )
v
DEDICATION
For:
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
First, the writer would like to praise to Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most
Merciful. By his blessing, she can conduct this research paper entitled “Search for
Existence in Dreams of Trespass Novel (1994): An Existentialist Approach” In
writing this research paper, the writer always gets many assistances, guidance, and
support from others. Therefore, she wants to express her gratitude to:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education in UMS for giving approval to carry out this research paper,
2. Titis Setyabudi, S. Si, M.Hum, as the Chief of English Department for
Encouragement to the writer,
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed, the first consultant who gives
guidance and valuable suggestion to the writer in finishing this thesis.
4. Nur Hidayat, S. Pd. the second consultant for precious guidance and
suggestions for doing this research paper,
5. All lecturers of English Department, for guidance during the study at this
university,
6. Her beloved and lifetime motivator Father and Mother thanks for their
support, true love, cares, pray, and guidance. She loves them so much.
7. Her brothers Rois (gembul) and (Alm. Rokhim) Thank for their support and
love.
vii
8. Her soul mate Inspiron 1440, AD 4613 SY, and Champ.
9. The greatest supporter Vela Ariska, Iva Armita, Agustina Setyaningsih who
always gives her support and patience.
10. Griya Cantika (GC) community: mbak Angga, mbak Nisa, mbak Arie,
mbak Eni, Shella (nyonya), Indah (ndandut), Reni, Tyas, Dita, Tika, Sari,
Unik, Isti thank for your friendship, jokes, and support. She will always
remember their and our secret window.
11. Her best friend Phela, Ipha, Tina, Ida, Endah, Anien, Aryuni, Sila. Thanks
for their support and friendship. She never forgets them.
12. Kobochan (Nopi, Elys, Iyas, Sania, Salis, Ulya) thanks for their friendship.
13. Her friends in English Department 08’ especially A class. Thanks for all.
14. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the writer
in completing research paper.
She hopes that Allah SWT would reward all of their contribution. Finally,
the writer realizes that there are many weaknesses in this research paper. This is
caused by the limitation in her capability and knowledge on the teaching.
Therefore, all criticism and suggestion are highly expected.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
viii
SUMMARY
YUNI GEMIATI. A320080025, SEARCH FOR EXISTENCE IN FATIMA
MERNISSI’S DREAMS OF TRESPASS NOVEL, AN EXISTENTIALIST
APPROACH, RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
OF SURAKARTA, 2012
This study is about search for existence in Dreams of Trespass novel. The
objective of this study is to apply the existentialist approach to analyze the search
for existence of women’s existence in Dreams of Trespass. The data source come
from primary data source that is the novel and the secondary data source are
biography of the writer, website and related with the novel. The method of the
data collection is descriptive analysis.
The writer uses Sartre’s major point of existentialism to answer the
problem of the study. The study is descriptive qualitative research whose data are
taken from novel. The technique of the collecting data is library research, while
the technique of analyzing data is descriptive.
The study comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, based on the
structural analysis of each elements, it shows that character and characterization,
setting, plot, point of view, style, theme are related to each other and form the
unity. Secondly, based on the existentialist analysis the writer wants to say that
women can show her existence to get opportunity, equal status, and freedom to
choose their own ways to achieve success.
Key word: Search for Existence, Dreams of Trespass, Existentialist.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
COVER ................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL .......................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ........................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................... vi
ANKNOWLEDGMENT........................................................................ vii
SUMMARY ........................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................ x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ........................................... 1
B. Literature Review ...................................................... 9
C. Problem Statement .................................................... 11
D. Limitation of the Study .............................................. 12
E. Objective of the Study ............................................... 12
F. Benefit of the Study ................................................... 12
G. Research Method ....................................................... 13
H. Research Paper Organization ...................................... 14
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .......................................... 15
A. Notion of Existentialism ........................................... 15
B. Characteristics of Existentialism ............................... 17
x
1. Being ................................................................... 17
2. Existence before Essence ..................................... 17
3. Cogito ................................................................. 18
4. Freedom to Choose ............................................... 18
5. Anxiety ................................................................ 19
6. Trancendence of Ego ............................................ 20
7. Nothingness.......................................................... 20
C. Structural Elements of Novel .................................... 21
1. Character and Characterization ............................ 21
2. Setting ................................................................. 22
3. Plot ...................................................................... 22
4. Point of View ...................................................... 23
5. Style ..................................................................... 23
6. Theme .................................................................. 23
D. Theoretical Application .............................................. 24
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MOROCCO
IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ..................................................... 25
A. Social Aspects ......................................................... 25
B. Political Aspects ...................................................... 28
C. Economic Aspects ................................................... 31
D. Cultural Aspects ...................................................... 32
E. Religious Aspects .................................................... 35
F. Science and Technology Aspects .............................. 36
G. The Life of Fatima Mernissi ..................................... 37
xi
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ...................................... 40
A. Structural Elements .................................................. 40
1. Character and Characterization ............................. 40
2. Setting ................................................................. 49
3. Plot ...................................................................... 53
4. Point of View ....................................................... 56
5. Style ..................................................................... 57
6. Theme ................................................................. 59
B. Discussion ................................................................ 60
CHAPTER V: EXISTENTIALIST ANALYSIS .................................. 63
A. Existentialist Analysis .............................................. 63
1. Being .................................................................. 64
2. Existence Before Essence .................................... 66
3. Cogito ................................................................ 68
4. Freedom to Choose .............................................. 70
5. Anxiety ............................................................... 71
6. Transcendence of Ego ......................................... 72
7. Nothingness ........................................................ 74
B. Discussion ............................................................... 76
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ........................ 80
A. Conclusion .................................................................. 80
B. Suggestion .................................................................. 81
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
DREAMS OF TRESPASS NOVEL ( 1994 ):
AN EXISTENTIALIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
YUNI GEMIATI
A.320 080 025
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRANING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
APPROVAL
APPROVAL
SEARCII
FOR
EXISTENCE
SEARCH
FOR
EXISTENCE
IN FATIMA
MERNISSI’S
IN FATIMA
MERIYISSTS
DNEAMS
DREAMS
OF OF
TRESPASS
NOVEL ( 1994
):
TnSSPA,SSNOVEL
( 1994
):
EXISTENTIALIST
AN AN
EXISTENTIALIST
APPROACH
APPROACII
RESEARCH
PAPER
RESBARCU
PAPER
by by
YUNI
GEMIATI
GqwArx
I.tD{r
A 320
A 320
080080
025025
Apprwedto io
Exruirodbyby
Approved
bebc
Examined
thetheConsulhnt
Consultant Team
Teem
FlrctConsultant
Consultent
First
Second
SeoondConsultant
Couultenl
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
Nur Hidayat, S. Pd.
NIK.772
NIK.771
ii
ACCEPTANCE
ACCEPTANCE
Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiner
Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiner
$chool of Teacher Training and Education
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah Univcrsify of Surakarta
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On Juty 2012
On July 2012
Team ofExaminer:
Team 1.
of Examiner:
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
1. Dr. Phil.
Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
NIK.772
NIK. (Chair
772 Person)
(Chair Person)
2. Nur Hidayat S. Pd.
2. Nur Hidayat,
NIIC 771S. Pd.
NIK. (Member
771
I)
(Member I)
3. Drs. AbdillahNugoho, M. Hum.
3. Drs. Abdillah
NIK.589Nugoho, M. Hum.
NIK. (Member
589
II)
(Member II)
(
)
(
)
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK.547
llr
)
(
Dean,
iii
19-.-*g)(
TESTIMONY
ITSTIMONY
Herswittr"
I te$iry
in this
Herewith,
I testify
thatthat
in this
research
paper,
there
are are
no no
plagiarism
of of
resmrch
ppex
therp
plagiarisn
pnevious
literary
works
which
thethe
previous
literary
works
which
have
been
raised
to obtain
bachelor
degree
of aof a
have
been
raiscd
to olitain
bachclor
degrec
universiqv,
there
opinions
university,
nornor
there
areare
opinions
or or
masterpieces
which
have
been
written
or
masErpieces
which
have
been
writ&n
r
published
others,
excefl
those
published
by by
others,
except
those
in in
which
thethe
writing
areare
referred
in in
thettc
which
writing
refened
manuscript
mentionod
in literature
manuscript
andand
mentioned
in literature
review
andand
bibliography.
review
bibliography.
Hence,
later,
if isit is
proven
Hence,
later,
if it
proven
thatthat
areare
some
untrue
statements
in in
thistfrfo
some
untnre
statements
testimony,
I will
fully
responsible.
testimony,
I will
be be
fully
responsible.
Surakarta, July
Yuni Gemiati
4.320
A.320
080
025
0r0
025
ivlv
2012
MOTTO
I praise loudly, I blame softly
( Queen Catherine II )
Success is how high you bounce after you hit
bottom
( George Patton )
“ Never be afraid to tread the path alone. Know
which is your path and follow is wherever it may
lead you, do not feel you have to follow in
someone else’s footstep “
( Eillen Caddy )
v
DEDICATION
For:
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
First, the writer would like to praise to Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most
Merciful. By his blessing, she can conduct this research paper entitled “Search for
Existence in Dreams of Trespass Novel (1994): An Existentialist Approach” In
writing this research paper, the writer always gets many assistances, guidance, and
support from others. Therefore, she wants to express her gratitude to:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education in UMS for giving approval to carry out this research paper,
2. Titis Setyabudi, S. Si, M.Hum, as the Chief of English Department for
Encouragement to the writer,
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed, the first consultant who gives
guidance and valuable suggestion to the writer in finishing this thesis.
4. Nur Hidayat, S. Pd. the second consultant for precious guidance and
suggestions for doing this research paper,
5. All lecturers of English Department, for guidance during the study at this
university,
6. Her beloved and lifetime motivator Father and Mother thanks for their
support, true love, cares, pray, and guidance. She loves them so much.
7. Her brothers Rois (gembul) and (Alm. Rokhim) Thank for their support and
love.
vii
8. Her soul mate Inspiron 1440, AD 4613 SY, and Champ.
9. The greatest supporter Vela Ariska, Iva Armita, Agustina Setyaningsih who
always gives her support and patience.
10. Griya Cantika (GC) community: mbak Angga, mbak Nisa, mbak Arie,
mbak Eni, Shella (nyonya), Indah (ndandut), Reni, Tyas, Dita, Tika, Sari,
Unik, Isti thank for your friendship, jokes, and support. She will always
remember their and our secret window.
11. Her best friend Phela, Ipha, Tina, Ida, Endah, Anien, Aryuni, Sila. Thanks
for their support and friendship. She never forgets them.
12. Kobochan (Nopi, Elys, Iyas, Sania, Salis, Ulya) thanks for their friendship.
13. Her friends in English Department 08’ especially A class. Thanks for all.
14. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the writer
in completing research paper.
She hopes that Allah SWT would reward all of their contribution. Finally,
the writer realizes that there are many weaknesses in this research paper. This is
caused by the limitation in her capability and knowledge on the teaching.
Therefore, all criticism and suggestion are highly expected.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
viii
SUMMARY
YUNI GEMIATI. A320080025, SEARCH FOR EXISTENCE IN FATIMA
MERNISSI’S DREAMS OF TRESPASS NOVEL, AN EXISTENTIALIST
APPROACH, RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
OF SURAKARTA, 2012
This study is about search for existence in Dreams of Trespass novel. The
objective of this study is to apply the existentialist approach to analyze the search
for existence of women’s existence in Dreams of Trespass. The data source come
from primary data source that is the novel and the secondary data source are
biography of the writer, website and related with the novel. The method of the
data collection is descriptive analysis.
The writer uses Sartre’s major point of existentialism to answer the
problem of the study. The study is descriptive qualitative research whose data are
taken from novel. The technique of the collecting data is library research, while
the technique of analyzing data is descriptive.
The study comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, based on the
structural analysis of each elements, it shows that character and characterization,
setting, plot, point of view, style, theme are related to each other and form the
unity. Secondly, based on the existentialist analysis the writer wants to say that
women can show her existence to get opportunity, equal status, and freedom to
choose their own ways to achieve success.
Key word: Search for Existence, Dreams of Trespass, Existentialist.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
COVER ................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL .......................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ........................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................... vi
ANKNOWLEDGMENT........................................................................ vii
SUMMARY ........................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................ x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ........................................... 1
B. Literature Review ...................................................... 9
C. Problem Statement .................................................... 11
D. Limitation of the Study .............................................. 12
E. Objective of the Study ............................................... 12
F. Benefit of the Study ................................................... 12
G. Research Method ....................................................... 13
H. Research Paper Organization ...................................... 14
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .......................................... 15
A. Notion of Existentialism ........................................... 15
B. Characteristics of Existentialism ............................... 17
x
1. Being ................................................................... 17
2. Existence before Essence ..................................... 17
3. Cogito ................................................................. 18
4. Freedom to Choose ............................................... 18
5. Anxiety ................................................................ 19
6. Trancendence of Ego ............................................ 20
7. Nothingness.......................................................... 20
C. Structural Elements of Novel .................................... 21
1. Character and Characterization ............................ 21
2. Setting ................................................................. 22
3. Plot ...................................................................... 22
4. Point of View ...................................................... 23
5. Style ..................................................................... 23
6. Theme .................................................................. 23
D. Theoretical Application .............................................. 24
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MOROCCO
IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ..................................................... 25
A. Social Aspects ......................................................... 25
B. Political Aspects ...................................................... 28
C. Economic Aspects ................................................... 31
D. Cultural Aspects ...................................................... 32
E. Religious Aspects .................................................... 35
F. Science and Technology Aspects .............................. 36
G. The Life of Fatima Mernissi ..................................... 37
xi
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ...................................... 40
A. Structural Elements .................................................. 40
1. Character and Characterization ............................. 40
2. Setting ................................................................. 49
3. Plot ...................................................................... 53
4. Point of View ....................................................... 56
5. Style ..................................................................... 57
6. Theme ................................................................. 59
B. Discussion ................................................................ 60
CHAPTER V: EXISTENTIALIST ANALYSIS .................................. 63
A. Existentialist Analysis .............................................. 63
1. Being .................................................................. 64
2. Existence Before Essence .................................... 66
3. Cogito ................................................................ 68
4. Freedom to Choose .............................................. 70
5. Anxiety ............................................................... 71
6. Transcendence of Ego ......................................... 72
7. Nothingness ........................................................ 74
B. Discussion ............................................................... 76
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ........................ 80
A. Conclusion .................................................................. 80
B. Suggestion .................................................................. 81
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii