AN ANALYSIS OF ASSERTIVE SPEECH ACT ON SENTENCES USED IN THE SPEECHES OF BARACK OBAMA An Analysis Of Assertive Speech Act On Sentences Used In The Speeches Of Barack Obama.
AN ANALYSIS OF ASSERTIVE SPEECH ACT ON SENTENCES
USED IN THE SPEECHES OF BARACK OBAMA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in
English Department
by
DASTI FITRIANA
A320100215
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
MOTTO
(َــســنـا قـالــوا و
َ الـ
ْ نــعــم لَ ح
ْ ـو و
ْ َ)كـ ْيــل
Allah is sufficient for us
“cukuplah Allah menjadi penolong kami, dan Allah adalah sebaik-baik pelindung”
(Qur’an: 3: 173)
v
DEDICATION
This paper is dedicated to:
My parent, Suparman and the late Juwarin
I love you with every beat of my heart
Thank you for taking care of me all time
My little brother, Ahmad Riki Saputra
Thank you for your smartest smile
My big family
All my friends
My University, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamualaikum wr. wb.
In the Name of Alah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Praise to be Allah, the
Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds, Most Gracious, Most Merciful, Master of the
Day of Judgment who has blassed the writer in finishing the research paper entitled
“An Analysis of Assertive Speech Act on Sentences Used in the Speeches of Barack
Obama”. Praise is also given to our prophet, Muhammad Saw, who was moved us
from the darkness to the lightness.
This research paper deals with the types of assertive utterances found in
speeches of Barack Obama and the illocutionary act of assertive utterances found in
speeches of Barack Obama.
The writer wants to express her appretiations to the people who was given their
contributions to the writer in accomplishing this reseacrh trough their supports,
advises, motivations, suggestions, and even criticisms.
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., as the dean of School Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., as the head of Department of English Education.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum., as the writer’s first consultant who always
motivate and give the writer suggestions during conducting this research.
vii
4. Malikatul Laila, Dra. M. Hum., as the second consultant who has given her
valuable corrections and advises, so that the writer can get more knowledge
which have not been know before.
5. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA. Ph.D., as the third examiner who has examine well.
6. Nur Hidayat,SP.d., as the writer’s academic consultant.
7. All lecturer in English Education Department who can’t mentioned one by one,
for sharing, inspiration, motivation, suggestion, consultation, and lecture given
for her.
8. Her beloved parents, Suparman and the late Juwarin for loving, advising,
praying, and struggle during this lecture.
9. Her beloved young brother, Ahmad Riki Saputra for loving and supporting.
10. All the writer’s family who can’t mentioned one by one for loving, sharing, and
always motivate her.
11. The big families of Wisma Sholeha, Wisma Co. Imam, Co. Imam LPIK UMS,
IMM FKIP UMS, JMF, KMP, Duta Perpustakaan, and PDNA Sukoharjo for
togetherness and friendship.
Thus, the writer realizes that this research paper far away for being perfect,
so the writer will happy accept any criticism in order to make better this research. The
writer hopes this research paper can give any beneficial to the readers.
Billahi fi shabililhaq fastabiqul khoirat
Wassalamualaikum wr. wb.
viii
Surakarta, Mei 2014
The writer
Dasti Fitriana
A320100215
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
COVER ......................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ...............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..........................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY .............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ......................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................
vi
ACKNOLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................
x
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ......................................................................
xv
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................
xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................
1
A. Background of Study .....................................................
1
B. Previous Study ...............................................................
3
C. Limitation of the Study ..................................................
5
D. Problem Statement .........................................................
5
E. Objective of the Study ...................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study .......................................................
6
G. Organization of Research Paper ....................................
7
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY .................................................
8
x
1. Notion and Principles of Pragmatics .............................
8
1. The Notion of Pragmatics .......................................
8
2. Principles of Pragmatics .........................................
9
a.
Deixis ...............................................................
9
b.
Presupposition .................................................
11
c.
Entailment ........................................................
12
d.
Implicature .......................................................
12
2. Speech Act .....................................................................
12
1. Notion of Speech Act .............................................
12
2. Classification of Speech Act ...................................
16
3. Linguistic Form ..............................................................
23
1. Sentence ..................................................................
23
4. IFIDs (Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices) .............
25
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
27
A. Type of the Research .....................................................
27
B. Object of the Research ...................................................
27
C. Data and the Data Source ...............................................
27
D. Technique of the Data Collection .................................
28
E. Technique of the Data Analysis ....................................
29
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .................
30
1. Research Finding ...........................................................
30
1. Focuses of Assertive Utterances .............................
30
xi
a. Focus on Information ........................................
30
b. Focuses on Truth – Value of Utterance ............
44
c. Focus on Speaker’s Commitment .....................
63
d. Focus on Manner of Communicating ...............
64
e. Focus on the Nature of the Message ..................
66
f. Focus on the Nature of the Message .................
67
2. The Illocutionary Act of Assertive Utterances .......
72
a. Motivating ........................................................
73
b. Predicting ..........................................................
76
c. Persuading ........................................................
77
d. Requesting ........................................................
105
e. Threatening .......................................................
113
f. Warning ............................................................
124
g. Worrying ...........................................................
134
h. Convincing ........................................................
136
i. Inviting ..............................................................
138
j. Swearing ...........................................................
139
k. Hoping ..............................................................
140
l. Promising ..........................................................
142
m. Guaranteeing .....................................................
143
n. Influencing ........................................................
145
2. Discussion ......................................................................
153
xii
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
155
A. Conclusion .....................................................................
155
B. Suggestion ......................................................................
156
C. Weaknesses ....................................................................
156
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................
157
APPENDIX
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1. The Focuses of Assertive Utterances ………………….….. 70
Table 2. The Illocutionary Act of Assertive Utterances …….……... 147
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
OW
: President Barack OBAMA In His Own WORD
TROA
: The Remaking of America
CHCTA
: Change Has Come To America
AWTSAO
: A World That Stands As One
ANSFANW
: A New Strategy for a New World
TAWL
: The America We Love
AMPU
: A More Perfect Union
AFP
: Announcement for President
TDNC
: The 2004 Democratic National Convention
RAGTWWI
: Remarks Against Going to War with Iraq
xv
ABSTRACT
Dasti Fitriana, A 320100215, Department of English Education, School of Teacher
Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2014, xvi + 196
pages
Assertive speech act is concerned with facts which the purpose is to inform.
There are six focuses of assertive utterances: on information, on truth-value of
utterance, on speaker’s commitment or involvement in what is reported, on manner of
communicating, on the nature of the message, and focus on aspect. This research
aimed at 1) describing the types of assertive speech act which are found in President
Barack Obama in His Own Word e-book, 2) describing the illocutionary act of
sentences found in President Barack Obama in His Own Word e-book. The data are
the speeches of Barack Obama which collected in President Barack Obama in His
Own Word e-book. The techniques of data collection is observation and
documentation. The technique for analyzing data is descriptive analysis. The study
shows that: 1) the focus of assertive utterances based on illocutionary act used in
speeches Barack Obama are 27 (36%) focus on information, 34 (45,33%) focus on
truth and value of utterance, 6 (8%) focus on manner of communicating, 1 (1,33%)
focus on the nature of the message, and 7 (9,4%) focus on aspect. And the last is the
illocutionary act of assertive utterance, the writer finds 3 motivating (4%), 2
predicting (2,67%), 25 persuading (34,66%), 8 requesting (10,67%), 11 threatening
(14,67%), 9 warning (12%), 4 worrying (5,33%), 2 convincing (2,67%), 1 inviting
(1,33%), 1 swearing (1,33%), 2 hoping (2,67%), 1 promising (1,33%), 2 guaranteeing
(2,67%), and 3 influencing (4%).
Keywords
:Assertive speech act,
Obama
illocutionary act, the speeches of Barack
xvi
USED IN THE SPEECHES OF BARACK OBAMA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in
English Department
by
DASTI FITRIANA
A320100215
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
MOTTO
(َــســنـا قـالــوا و
َ الـ
ْ نــعــم لَ ح
ْ ـو و
ْ َ)كـ ْيــل
Allah is sufficient for us
“cukuplah Allah menjadi penolong kami, dan Allah adalah sebaik-baik pelindung”
(Qur’an: 3: 173)
v
DEDICATION
This paper is dedicated to:
My parent, Suparman and the late Juwarin
I love you with every beat of my heart
Thank you for taking care of me all time
My little brother, Ahmad Riki Saputra
Thank you for your smartest smile
My big family
All my friends
My University, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamualaikum wr. wb.
In the Name of Alah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Praise to be Allah, the
Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds, Most Gracious, Most Merciful, Master of the
Day of Judgment who has blassed the writer in finishing the research paper entitled
“An Analysis of Assertive Speech Act on Sentences Used in the Speeches of Barack
Obama”. Praise is also given to our prophet, Muhammad Saw, who was moved us
from the darkness to the lightness.
This research paper deals with the types of assertive utterances found in
speeches of Barack Obama and the illocutionary act of assertive utterances found in
speeches of Barack Obama.
The writer wants to express her appretiations to the people who was given their
contributions to the writer in accomplishing this reseacrh trough their supports,
advises, motivations, suggestions, and even criticisms.
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., as the dean of School Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., as the head of Department of English Education.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum., as the writer’s first consultant who always
motivate and give the writer suggestions during conducting this research.
vii
4. Malikatul Laila, Dra. M. Hum., as the second consultant who has given her
valuable corrections and advises, so that the writer can get more knowledge
which have not been know before.
5. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA. Ph.D., as the third examiner who has examine well.
6. Nur Hidayat,SP.d., as the writer’s academic consultant.
7. All lecturer in English Education Department who can’t mentioned one by one,
for sharing, inspiration, motivation, suggestion, consultation, and lecture given
for her.
8. Her beloved parents, Suparman and the late Juwarin for loving, advising,
praying, and struggle during this lecture.
9. Her beloved young brother, Ahmad Riki Saputra for loving and supporting.
10. All the writer’s family who can’t mentioned one by one for loving, sharing, and
always motivate her.
11. The big families of Wisma Sholeha, Wisma Co. Imam, Co. Imam LPIK UMS,
IMM FKIP UMS, JMF, KMP, Duta Perpustakaan, and PDNA Sukoharjo for
togetherness and friendship.
Thus, the writer realizes that this research paper far away for being perfect,
so the writer will happy accept any criticism in order to make better this research. The
writer hopes this research paper can give any beneficial to the readers.
Billahi fi shabililhaq fastabiqul khoirat
Wassalamualaikum wr. wb.
viii
Surakarta, Mei 2014
The writer
Dasti Fitriana
A320100215
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
COVER ......................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ...............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..........................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY .............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ......................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................
vi
ACKNOLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................
x
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ......................................................................
xv
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................
xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................
1
A. Background of Study .....................................................
1
B. Previous Study ...............................................................
3
C. Limitation of the Study ..................................................
5
D. Problem Statement .........................................................
5
E. Objective of the Study ...................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study .......................................................
6
G. Organization of Research Paper ....................................
7
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY .................................................
8
x
1. Notion and Principles of Pragmatics .............................
8
1. The Notion of Pragmatics .......................................
8
2. Principles of Pragmatics .........................................
9
a.
Deixis ...............................................................
9
b.
Presupposition .................................................
11
c.
Entailment ........................................................
12
d.
Implicature .......................................................
12
2. Speech Act .....................................................................
12
1. Notion of Speech Act .............................................
12
2. Classification of Speech Act ...................................
16
3. Linguistic Form ..............................................................
23
1. Sentence ..................................................................
23
4. IFIDs (Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices) .............
25
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
27
A. Type of the Research .....................................................
27
B. Object of the Research ...................................................
27
C. Data and the Data Source ...............................................
27
D. Technique of the Data Collection .................................
28
E. Technique of the Data Analysis ....................................
29
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .................
30
1. Research Finding ...........................................................
30
1. Focuses of Assertive Utterances .............................
30
xi
a. Focus on Information ........................................
30
b. Focuses on Truth – Value of Utterance ............
44
c. Focus on Speaker’s Commitment .....................
63
d. Focus on Manner of Communicating ...............
64
e. Focus on the Nature of the Message ..................
66
f. Focus on the Nature of the Message .................
67
2. The Illocutionary Act of Assertive Utterances .......
72
a. Motivating ........................................................
73
b. Predicting ..........................................................
76
c. Persuading ........................................................
77
d. Requesting ........................................................
105
e. Threatening .......................................................
113
f. Warning ............................................................
124
g. Worrying ...........................................................
134
h. Convincing ........................................................
136
i. Inviting ..............................................................
138
j. Swearing ...........................................................
139
k. Hoping ..............................................................
140
l. Promising ..........................................................
142
m. Guaranteeing .....................................................
143
n. Influencing ........................................................
145
2. Discussion ......................................................................
153
xii
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
155
A. Conclusion .....................................................................
155
B. Suggestion ......................................................................
156
C. Weaknesses ....................................................................
156
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................
157
APPENDIX
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1. The Focuses of Assertive Utterances ………………….….. 70
Table 2. The Illocutionary Act of Assertive Utterances …….……... 147
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
OW
: President Barack OBAMA In His Own WORD
TROA
: The Remaking of America
CHCTA
: Change Has Come To America
AWTSAO
: A World That Stands As One
ANSFANW
: A New Strategy for a New World
TAWL
: The America We Love
AMPU
: A More Perfect Union
AFP
: Announcement for President
TDNC
: The 2004 Democratic National Convention
RAGTWWI
: Remarks Against Going to War with Iraq
xv
ABSTRACT
Dasti Fitriana, A 320100215, Department of English Education, School of Teacher
Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2014, xvi + 196
pages
Assertive speech act is concerned with facts which the purpose is to inform.
There are six focuses of assertive utterances: on information, on truth-value of
utterance, on speaker’s commitment or involvement in what is reported, on manner of
communicating, on the nature of the message, and focus on aspect. This research
aimed at 1) describing the types of assertive speech act which are found in President
Barack Obama in His Own Word e-book, 2) describing the illocutionary act of
sentences found in President Barack Obama in His Own Word e-book. The data are
the speeches of Barack Obama which collected in President Barack Obama in His
Own Word e-book. The techniques of data collection is observation and
documentation. The technique for analyzing data is descriptive analysis. The study
shows that: 1) the focus of assertive utterances based on illocutionary act used in
speeches Barack Obama are 27 (36%) focus on information, 34 (45,33%) focus on
truth and value of utterance, 6 (8%) focus on manner of communicating, 1 (1,33%)
focus on the nature of the message, and 7 (9,4%) focus on aspect. And the last is the
illocutionary act of assertive utterance, the writer finds 3 motivating (4%), 2
predicting (2,67%), 25 persuading (34,66%), 8 requesting (10,67%), 11 threatening
(14,67%), 9 warning (12%), 4 worrying (5,33%), 2 convincing (2,67%), 1 inviting
(1,33%), 1 swearing (1,33%), 2 hoping (2,67%), 1 promising (1,33%), 2 guaranteeing
(2,67%), and 3 influencing (4%).
Keywords
:Assertive speech act,
Obama
illocutionary act, the speeches of Barack
xvi