THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY REFLECTED IN LOUISA MAY ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH The Meaning Of Being A Family Reflected In Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women (1868): Sociological Approach.
THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY REFLECTED IN LOUISA MAY
ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submited as a partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
For getting the Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
By
ASRI WULANDARI
A320100233
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
APPROVAL
THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY REFLECTED IN LOUISA MAY
ALCOTT’S”LITTLE WOMEN” (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
By
ASRI WULANDARI
A320100233
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr.M.Thoyibi,M.S.
Siti Fatimah ,S.Pd, M.Hum.
NIK .410
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY REFLECTED IN LOUISA MAY
ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
By
ASRI WULANDARI
A320100233
Accepted and Approved by the Board and Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah Univeristy of Surakarta
On June……., 2014
Team of Examiner:
1. Dr.M.Thoyibi,Ms.
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chair person)
2. Siti Fatimah ,S.Pd, M.Hum.
(Member I)
3. Dr.Phil.Dewi Candraningrum,S.Pd,M.Ed
(Member II)
Dean
Prof.Dr.Harun Joko Prayitno,M.Hum.
NIK.196504281993031001
iii
SUMMARY
Asri Wulandari. A320100233. THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY REFLECTED IN
LOUISA MAY ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH.
Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.2014.
This research paper is Knowing that the problem is the most important part of research,
the writer purposes the problem as “what is the meaning of being a family are reflected in Louisa
May Alcott’s Little Women. So they writer makes title “the meaning of being a family reflected
in Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women (1868): Sociological Approach. The writer use The
objectives of the research are : (1) To analyze Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women novel based on
its structural elements (2) To analyze the meaning of being a family in Louisa May Alcott’s
Little Women based on sociological approach.
This research applies descriptive qualitative method research. The object of this research
is Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women novel, and the writer is going to analyze it by using
sociological approach.
The outcome of the study reveals the relationship between the novel and the social reality
in American Society especially at the second half of nineteenth century. In Little Women by
Louisa May Alcott describes about the meaning and importance of being a family. The issues is
clearly related with social condition of America at the second half of nineteenth century.
Keywords :Little Women, Sociological Approach, Meaning and important.
iv
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a university, nor there are
opinions or masterpieces which have been written or published or others, expect those in which
the writing are referred in the manuscript and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Because it, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, I
will hold full with responsibility.
Surakarta,
June 2014
Asri Wulandari
v
MOTTO
Hidup itu kaya rumus Bahasa Inggris, ada past tense, present tense dan future tense
Masa lampau, masa sekarang dan masa yang akan datang. Mungkin apa yang kita
jalani sekarang ini adalah hasil dari usaha kita di masa lalu. Dan usaha lah di masa
sekarangmu untuk masa depanmu pula.
Untuk apa bermimpi, bila kau tak melangkah
(Bondan n Fade2black)
vi
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to :
Her beloved father and mother,
Her beloved brother and sister,
Her beloved lecturer and
Her beloved friends.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. Praise to Allah SWT the Almighty God for blessing and
guiding the writer in conducting this research paper. THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY
REFLECTED IN LOUISA MAY ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL
APPROACH, as a partial fulfillment of requirement for getting bachelor degree in English
Department in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The researcher would like to express the sincere gratitude for all people who give the
contribution to make this research paper more completely. Without their contribution the
researcher is impossible to finish it. In this opportunity, the researcher would like to express the
gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum, the Dean of the School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, M.Hum, the Head of English Department for the permit of this
research,
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S, the first consultant who has guided and advices during the arrangement
of this research from the beginning until the end,
4. Siti Fatimah ,S.Pd, M.Hum, the second consultant who has guided and adviced during the
arrangement of this research from the beginning until the end,
5. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D, as the academic consultant who has given guidance during the study
6. Her beloved parents, “Slamet and Supri Hati” for giving love, support, motivation, prayer and
expense. So, the researcher can finish this research,
viii
7. Her beloved young brother, “Khabib Ikhsanuddin” and my little sister “Anis Kurniawati"
thanks for giving support
9. Her best friends, “Erni, Luluk, Dian, Nana, Erwin, Wiwik, Ika, Tunjung, Winda ” for laugh,
companies, help and support. The writer never forget for all of the memories,
10. Her beloved friends in English Department University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, “Ika,
Subariah, Wiwik, Erwin, Gilang, Mey, Indah, Risa, Ratna” for happiness and togetherness,
11. All her friends and all participants that cannot be mentioned one by one.
This research paper is far from being good and perfect, because the researcher has limited
capability. Therefore, the researcher would like to say thanks for the opinion, suggestion and
criticism to make this research paper better. The researcher hopes this research paper would give
benefit for the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
Surakarta,
June 2014
The researcher
Asri Wulandari
ix
APPENDIX
Little Women is a novel written by an American author, Louisa May Alcott. It was first
published in 30th September 1868. Little Women is a novel about the struggle of the four March
sisters named Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy in facing their life in a family by the absence of father
figure. And the four Child of March Family have different characteristics each other which
make their life more colorful. We can see the characteristic of four child of March family. The
first is Meg, the oldest, is beautiful, adult and rather vain. Jo, the second, is tomboyish and
temperament. And major character of the novel is Jo. Beth, the third, is the shy. Amy, the
youngest, is the little artist and immature.
Alcott’s story begins with the four March girls—Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, lamenting
their poverty. The fist chapter tells about when they celebrate Christmas. They decide, they will
each buy themselves a present in order to brighten their Christmas. Marmee comes home with a
letter from Mr. March, the girls’ father, who is serving as a Union chaplain in the Civil War.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE .............................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................
iv
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................................
v
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I
:INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................
1
A. Background of the study...............................................................
1
B. Literature review ..........................................................................
5
C. Problem statement ........................................................................
6
D. Limitation of the study .................................................................
6
E. Objective of the study...................................................................
6
F. The benefit of the study ................................................................
7
G. Theoretical approach ....................................................................
7
xi
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
H. Research method ..........................................................................
8
I. Paper organization .......................................................................
9
: UNDERLYING THEORY ..............................................................
11
A. Sociology of literature .................................................................
11
B. Type of sociology of literature ....................................................
12
C. Structural Elements of the novel .................................................
14
D. Theoretical application ................................................................
22
: SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN
SOCIETY AT THE SECOND HALF OF NINETEENTH
CHAPTER IV
CENTURY .......................................................................................
23
A. Social Aspect .............................................................................
23
B. Economic Aspect ........................................................................
27
C. Political Aspect ...........................................................................
29
D. Science and Technology Aspect .................................................
30
E. Cultural Aspect ...........................................................................
31
F. Religious Aspect .........................................................................
38
: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ..........................................................
40
A. Structural Analysis ......................................................................
40
1. Character and characterization ..............................................
40
a. Major character ...............................................................
40
b. Minor character ...............................................................
47
xii
CHAPTER V
2. Setting ...................................................................................
50
a. Setting of time .................................................................
50
b. Setting of place ...............................................................
51
3. Plot ........................................................................................
52
a. Plot structure ...................................................................
52
1) Exposition ...........................................................
52
2) Complication .......................................................
53
3) Climax .................................................................
54
4) Resolution ...........................................................
55
b. Causality .........................................................................
56
c. Plausibility ......................................................................
57
4. Point of view .........................................................................
58
5. Style ......................................................................................
59
a. Diction.............................................................................
59
b. Grammatical structure .....................................................
60
c. Imagery ...........................................................................
62
d. Symbol ............................................................................
62
e. Sentence construction .....................................................
63
6. Theme ...................................................................................
65
B. Discussion ...................................................................................
65
: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ......................................................
68
A. Sociological Analysis ..................................................................
68
1. Social aspect ...........................................................................
68
2. Economic aspect .....................................................................
71
xiii
CHAPTER VI
3. Political aspect ........................................................................
73
4. Science and technology aspect ...............................................
74
5. Cultural aspect ........................................................................
76
6. Religious aspect ......................................................................
78
B. Discussion....................................................................................
80
: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...........................................
83
A. Conclusion ...................................................................................
83
B. Suggestion ...................................................................................
84
C. Pedagogical Implication ..............................................................
85
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiv
ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submited as a partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
For getting the Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
By
ASRI WULANDARI
A320100233
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
APPROVAL
THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY REFLECTED IN LOUISA MAY
ALCOTT’S”LITTLE WOMEN” (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
By
ASRI WULANDARI
A320100233
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr.M.Thoyibi,M.S.
Siti Fatimah ,S.Pd, M.Hum.
NIK .410
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY REFLECTED IN LOUISA MAY
ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
By
ASRI WULANDARI
A320100233
Accepted and Approved by the Board and Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah Univeristy of Surakarta
On June……., 2014
Team of Examiner:
1. Dr.M.Thoyibi,Ms.
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chair person)
2. Siti Fatimah ,S.Pd, M.Hum.
(Member I)
3. Dr.Phil.Dewi Candraningrum,S.Pd,M.Ed
(Member II)
Dean
Prof.Dr.Harun Joko Prayitno,M.Hum.
NIK.196504281993031001
iii
SUMMARY
Asri Wulandari. A320100233. THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY REFLECTED IN
LOUISA MAY ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH.
Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.2014.
This research paper is Knowing that the problem is the most important part of research,
the writer purposes the problem as “what is the meaning of being a family are reflected in Louisa
May Alcott’s Little Women. So they writer makes title “the meaning of being a family reflected
in Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women (1868): Sociological Approach. The writer use The
objectives of the research are : (1) To analyze Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women novel based on
its structural elements (2) To analyze the meaning of being a family in Louisa May Alcott’s
Little Women based on sociological approach.
This research applies descriptive qualitative method research. The object of this research
is Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women novel, and the writer is going to analyze it by using
sociological approach.
The outcome of the study reveals the relationship between the novel and the social reality
in American Society especially at the second half of nineteenth century. In Little Women by
Louisa May Alcott describes about the meaning and importance of being a family. The issues is
clearly related with social condition of America at the second half of nineteenth century.
Keywords :Little Women, Sociological Approach, Meaning and important.
iv
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a university, nor there are
opinions or masterpieces which have been written or published or others, expect those in which
the writing are referred in the manuscript and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Because it, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, I
will hold full with responsibility.
Surakarta,
June 2014
Asri Wulandari
v
MOTTO
Hidup itu kaya rumus Bahasa Inggris, ada past tense, present tense dan future tense
Masa lampau, masa sekarang dan masa yang akan datang. Mungkin apa yang kita
jalani sekarang ini adalah hasil dari usaha kita di masa lalu. Dan usaha lah di masa
sekarangmu untuk masa depanmu pula.
Untuk apa bermimpi, bila kau tak melangkah
(Bondan n Fade2black)
vi
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to :
Her beloved father and mother,
Her beloved brother and sister,
Her beloved lecturer and
Her beloved friends.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. Praise to Allah SWT the Almighty God for blessing and
guiding the writer in conducting this research paper. THE MEANING OF BEING A FAMILY
REFLECTED IN LOUISA MAY ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN (1868): SOCIOLOGICAL
APPROACH, as a partial fulfillment of requirement for getting bachelor degree in English
Department in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The researcher would like to express the sincere gratitude for all people who give the
contribution to make this research paper more completely. Without their contribution the
researcher is impossible to finish it. In this opportunity, the researcher would like to express the
gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum, the Dean of the School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, M.Hum, the Head of English Department for the permit of this
research,
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S, the first consultant who has guided and advices during the arrangement
of this research from the beginning until the end,
4. Siti Fatimah ,S.Pd, M.Hum, the second consultant who has guided and adviced during the
arrangement of this research from the beginning until the end,
5. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D, as the academic consultant who has given guidance during the study
6. Her beloved parents, “Slamet and Supri Hati” for giving love, support, motivation, prayer and
expense. So, the researcher can finish this research,
viii
7. Her beloved young brother, “Khabib Ikhsanuddin” and my little sister “Anis Kurniawati"
thanks for giving support
9. Her best friends, “Erni, Luluk, Dian, Nana, Erwin, Wiwik, Ika, Tunjung, Winda ” for laugh,
companies, help and support. The writer never forget for all of the memories,
10. Her beloved friends in English Department University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, “Ika,
Subariah, Wiwik, Erwin, Gilang, Mey, Indah, Risa, Ratna” for happiness and togetherness,
11. All her friends and all participants that cannot be mentioned one by one.
This research paper is far from being good and perfect, because the researcher has limited
capability. Therefore, the researcher would like to say thanks for the opinion, suggestion and
criticism to make this research paper better. The researcher hopes this research paper would give
benefit for the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
Surakarta,
June 2014
The researcher
Asri Wulandari
ix
APPENDIX
Little Women is a novel written by an American author, Louisa May Alcott. It was first
published in 30th September 1868. Little Women is a novel about the struggle of the four March
sisters named Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy in facing their life in a family by the absence of father
figure. And the four Child of March Family have different characteristics each other which
make their life more colorful. We can see the characteristic of four child of March family. The
first is Meg, the oldest, is beautiful, adult and rather vain. Jo, the second, is tomboyish and
temperament. And major character of the novel is Jo. Beth, the third, is the shy. Amy, the
youngest, is the little artist and immature.
Alcott’s story begins with the four March girls—Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, lamenting
their poverty. The fist chapter tells about when they celebrate Christmas. They decide, they will
each buy themselves a present in order to brighten their Christmas. Marmee comes home with a
letter from Mr. March, the girls’ father, who is serving as a Union chaplain in the Civil War.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE .............................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................
iv
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................................
v
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I
:INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................
1
A. Background of the study...............................................................
1
B. Literature review ..........................................................................
5
C. Problem statement ........................................................................
6
D. Limitation of the study .................................................................
6
E. Objective of the study...................................................................
6
F. The benefit of the study ................................................................
7
G. Theoretical approach ....................................................................
7
xi
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
H. Research method ..........................................................................
8
I. Paper organization .......................................................................
9
: UNDERLYING THEORY ..............................................................
11
A. Sociology of literature .................................................................
11
B. Type of sociology of literature ....................................................
12
C. Structural Elements of the novel .................................................
14
D. Theoretical application ................................................................
22
: SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN
SOCIETY AT THE SECOND HALF OF NINETEENTH
CHAPTER IV
CENTURY .......................................................................................
23
A. Social Aspect .............................................................................
23
B. Economic Aspect ........................................................................
27
C. Political Aspect ...........................................................................
29
D. Science and Technology Aspect .................................................
30
E. Cultural Aspect ...........................................................................
31
F. Religious Aspect .........................................................................
38
: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ..........................................................
40
A. Structural Analysis ......................................................................
40
1. Character and characterization ..............................................
40
a. Major character ...............................................................
40
b. Minor character ...............................................................
47
xii
CHAPTER V
2. Setting ...................................................................................
50
a. Setting of time .................................................................
50
b. Setting of place ...............................................................
51
3. Plot ........................................................................................
52
a. Plot structure ...................................................................
52
1) Exposition ...........................................................
52
2) Complication .......................................................
53
3) Climax .................................................................
54
4) Resolution ...........................................................
55
b. Causality .........................................................................
56
c. Plausibility ......................................................................
57
4. Point of view .........................................................................
58
5. Style ......................................................................................
59
a. Diction.............................................................................
59
b. Grammatical structure .....................................................
60
c. Imagery ...........................................................................
62
d. Symbol ............................................................................
62
e. Sentence construction .....................................................
63
6. Theme ...................................................................................
65
B. Discussion ...................................................................................
65
: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ......................................................
68
A. Sociological Analysis ..................................................................
68
1. Social aspect ...........................................................................
68
2. Economic aspect .....................................................................
71
xiii
CHAPTER VI
3. Political aspect ........................................................................
73
4. Science and technology aspect ...............................................
74
5. Cultural aspect ........................................................................
76
6. Religious aspect ......................................................................
78
B. Discussion....................................................................................
80
: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...........................................
83
A. Conclusion ...................................................................................
83
B. Suggestion ...................................................................................
84
C. Pedagogical Implication ..............................................................
85
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiv