GAMBARAN TINGKAT STRES PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM A 2011 SEMESTER II FAKULTAS ILMU KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN.
ABSTRAK
Masa transisi seorang siswa SMA menjadi mahasiswa baru menjadi beban dan
penyebab stres bagi remaja. Mahasiswa memasuki tahap remaja akhir dan menjalani
tahap kebingungan identitas serta mulai beradaptasi untuk persiapan akhir memasuki
peran dewasa. Pada tahap ini remaja sangat rentan mengalami stres karena
permasalahan baru yang tidak pernah dialami sebelumnya. Pada semester II
mahasiswa dituntut untuk memperbaiki nilai dan menjalani mata kuliah yang lebih
rumit dibandingkan semester sebelumnya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk
menggambarkan bagaimana tingkat stres yang dialami mahasiswa pada semester II
di Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Padjadjaran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan
menggunakan instrumen Hass/Col yang dikembangkan oleh Sarafino (1998) kepada
112 mahasiswa yang bersedia menjadi responden.
Dari pengumpulan data tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa sebagian besar dari
responden yaitu 85 responden (75,89%) mempunyai tingkat stres ringan, sebanyak
21 responden (18,75%) merasa biasa-biasa saja, dan sisanya sebanyak 6 responden
(5,36%) mempunyai tingkat stres sedang.
Dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi data aktual kepada institusi untuk
mencanangkan program pengkajian psikologis dini dalam rangka menurunkan
tingkat stres pada mahasiswa khususnya bagi mahasiswa semester II di Fakultas Ilmu
Keperawatan.
Kata kunci : tingkat stres, mahasiswa program A 2011, FIK Unpad,
vii
ABSTRACT
The transition era of senior high school students becoming college students is being
stressor for teenagers. Students college at the end stage adolescences passed
confusing identity level and obtained stressed because new problems. In the second
semester, they were demanded to repair their latest scores.
This research aimed to describe how stressed level experienced by the students of
Universitas Padjadjaran’s Faculty of Nursing. The data was collected by doing the
Hass/col instrument (Sarafino, 1998) to 112 students.
The result showed that almost of them were 75,89% including to mild stress, 18,75%
were normal level (21 respondents), and 5,36% were average stress (6 respondents).
This research was expected to give data for institutions to make a planning of
psychological assessment which decreasing stress level of students.
Keywords: Stress level, Students College, Faculty of Nursing Universitas
Padjadjaran.
viii
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .....................................................................
ii
PRAKATA .................................................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR ISI ..............................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR TABEL .....................................................................................
xiii
DAFTAR SKEMA ....................................................................................
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .............................................................................
xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..........................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................
1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah.....................................................................
7
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .........................................................................
7
1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian ....................................................................
8
1.1.1 Institusi ................................................................................
8
1.1.2 Peneliti Selanjutnya .............................................................
8
ix
1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran ....................................................................
8
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................... 11
2.1 Stres .............................................................................................
11
2.1.1 Definisi Stres .....................................................................
11
2.1.2 Penilaian terhadap stres .....................................................
13
2.1.3 Penyebab Stres ...................................................................
14
2.1.4 Respon Stres ......................................................................
16
2.2 Mahasiswa ...................................................................................
18
2.2.1 Mahasiswa sebagai remaja ................................................
19
2.3 Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan .........................................................
23
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..........................................................
30
3.1 Rancangan Penelitian..................................................................
30
3.2 Variabel Penelitian......................................................................
30
3.3 Definisi Konsep dan Definisi Operasional .................................
30
3.3.1 Definisi Konsep ...................................................................
30
3.3.2 Definisi Operasional ............................................................
32
3.4 Populasi dan Sampel ....................................................................
34
x
1.1.3 Populasi ...............................................................................
34
1.1.4 Sampel .................................................................................
34
3.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ..........................................................
34
3.6 Instrumen Penelitian ....................................................................
34
3.7 Uji Instrumen Penelitian ..............................................................
36
3.7.1 Uji Validitas ..................................................................
36
3.7.2 Uji Reliabilitas ..............................................................
38
3.8 Pengolahan Data ..........................................................................
39
3.8.1Editing ..............................................................................
39
3.8.2 Koding .............................................................................
40
3.8.3 Data Entry .......................................................................
40
3.8.4 Cleaning ..........................................................................
40
3.9 Analisa Data.................................................................................
41
3.10 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .....................................................
41
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................................................
43
4.1 Gambaran Umum Responden ......................................................
43
4.2 Tingkat Stres ................................................................................
44
4.3 Pembahasan ................................................................................
45
4.4 Keterbatasan Peneliti ....................................................................
51
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..........................................................
53
5.1 Simpulan ...............................................................................................
53
xi
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................................
54
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................
56
LAMPIRAN .....................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
Tabel 1.1
Tabel Definisi Operasional ...........................................
10
Tabel 2.1
Respon Stres ................................................................
17
Tabel 3.3
Koding Data .................................................................
39
Tabel 4.1
Gambaran Umum Responden .......................................
42
Tabel 4.2.
Distribusi Frekuensi dan presentase responden ............
44
xiii
DAFTAR SKEMA
Halaman
Skema 1.1
Kerangka Pemikiran Gambaran Tingkat Stres pada
Mahasiswa Program A 2011 Semestes II Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan
Universitas Padjadjaran ............................................... ……………10
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
Kartu Bimbingan Skripsi
Lampiran 2
Surat Izin Studi Pendahuluan
Lampiran 3
Surat Izin Penelitian
Lampiran 4
Lembar Informed Concent
Lampiran 5
Lembar Persetujuan Responden
Lampiran 6
Instrumen Penelitian
Lampiran 7
HASS/Col Instrument
Lampiran 8
Data Hasil Penelitian
Lampiran 9
Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen
Lampiran 10 Riwayat Hidup
xv
Masa transisi seorang siswa SMA menjadi mahasiswa baru menjadi beban dan
penyebab stres bagi remaja. Mahasiswa memasuki tahap remaja akhir dan menjalani
tahap kebingungan identitas serta mulai beradaptasi untuk persiapan akhir memasuki
peran dewasa. Pada tahap ini remaja sangat rentan mengalami stres karena
permasalahan baru yang tidak pernah dialami sebelumnya. Pada semester II
mahasiswa dituntut untuk memperbaiki nilai dan menjalani mata kuliah yang lebih
rumit dibandingkan semester sebelumnya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk
menggambarkan bagaimana tingkat stres yang dialami mahasiswa pada semester II
di Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Padjadjaran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan
menggunakan instrumen Hass/Col yang dikembangkan oleh Sarafino (1998) kepada
112 mahasiswa yang bersedia menjadi responden.
Dari pengumpulan data tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa sebagian besar dari
responden yaitu 85 responden (75,89%) mempunyai tingkat stres ringan, sebanyak
21 responden (18,75%) merasa biasa-biasa saja, dan sisanya sebanyak 6 responden
(5,36%) mempunyai tingkat stres sedang.
Dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi data aktual kepada institusi untuk
mencanangkan program pengkajian psikologis dini dalam rangka menurunkan
tingkat stres pada mahasiswa khususnya bagi mahasiswa semester II di Fakultas Ilmu
Keperawatan.
Kata kunci : tingkat stres, mahasiswa program A 2011, FIK Unpad,
vii
ABSTRACT
The transition era of senior high school students becoming college students is being
stressor for teenagers. Students college at the end stage adolescences passed
confusing identity level and obtained stressed because new problems. In the second
semester, they were demanded to repair their latest scores.
This research aimed to describe how stressed level experienced by the students of
Universitas Padjadjaran’s Faculty of Nursing. The data was collected by doing the
Hass/col instrument (Sarafino, 1998) to 112 students.
The result showed that almost of them were 75,89% including to mild stress, 18,75%
were normal level (21 respondents), and 5,36% were average stress (6 respondents).
This research was expected to give data for institutions to make a planning of
psychological assessment which decreasing stress level of students.
Keywords: Stress level, Students College, Faculty of Nursing Universitas
Padjadjaran.
viii
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .....................................................................
ii
PRAKATA .................................................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR ISI ..............................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR TABEL .....................................................................................
xiii
DAFTAR SKEMA ....................................................................................
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .............................................................................
xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..........................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................
1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah.....................................................................
7
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .........................................................................
7
1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian ....................................................................
8
1.1.1 Institusi ................................................................................
8
1.1.2 Peneliti Selanjutnya .............................................................
8
ix
1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran ....................................................................
8
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................... 11
2.1 Stres .............................................................................................
11
2.1.1 Definisi Stres .....................................................................
11
2.1.2 Penilaian terhadap stres .....................................................
13
2.1.3 Penyebab Stres ...................................................................
14
2.1.4 Respon Stres ......................................................................
16
2.2 Mahasiswa ...................................................................................
18
2.2.1 Mahasiswa sebagai remaja ................................................
19
2.3 Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan .........................................................
23
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..........................................................
30
3.1 Rancangan Penelitian..................................................................
30
3.2 Variabel Penelitian......................................................................
30
3.3 Definisi Konsep dan Definisi Operasional .................................
30
3.3.1 Definisi Konsep ...................................................................
30
3.3.2 Definisi Operasional ............................................................
32
3.4 Populasi dan Sampel ....................................................................
34
x
1.1.3 Populasi ...............................................................................
34
1.1.4 Sampel .................................................................................
34
3.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ..........................................................
34
3.6 Instrumen Penelitian ....................................................................
34
3.7 Uji Instrumen Penelitian ..............................................................
36
3.7.1 Uji Validitas ..................................................................
36
3.7.2 Uji Reliabilitas ..............................................................
38
3.8 Pengolahan Data ..........................................................................
39
3.8.1Editing ..............................................................................
39
3.8.2 Koding .............................................................................
40
3.8.3 Data Entry .......................................................................
40
3.8.4 Cleaning ..........................................................................
40
3.9 Analisa Data.................................................................................
41
3.10 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .....................................................
41
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................................................
43
4.1 Gambaran Umum Responden ......................................................
43
4.2 Tingkat Stres ................................................................................
44
4.3 Pembahasan ................................................................................
45
4.4 Keterbatasan Peneliti ....................................................................
51
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..........................................................
53
5.1 Simpulan ...............................................................................................
53
xi
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................................
54
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................
56
LAMPIRAN .....................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
Tabel 1.1
Tabel Definisi Operasional ...........................................
10
Tabel 2.1
Respon Stres ................................................................
17
Tabel 3.3
Koding Data .................................................................
39
Tabel 4.1
Gambaran Umum Responden .......................................
42
Tabel 4.2.
Distribusi Frekuensi dan presentase responden ............
44
xiii
DAFTAR SKEMA
Halaman
Skema 1.1
Kerangka Pemikiran Gambaran Tingkat Stres pada
Mahasiswa Program A 2011 Semestes II Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan
Universitas Padjadjaran ............................................... ……………10
xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
Kartu Bimbingan Skripsi
Lampiran 2
Surat Izin Studi Pendahuluan
Lampiran 3
Surat Izin Penelitian
Lampiran 4
Lembar Informed Concent
Lampiran 5
Lembar Persetujuan Responden
Lampiran 6
Instrumen Penelitian
Lampiran 7
HASS/Col Instrument
Lampiran 8
Data Hasil Penelitian
Lampiran 9
Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen
Lampiran 10 Riwayat Hidup
xv