Speech Acts In President Barack Obama Victory Speech 2012
SPEECH ACTS IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA VICTORY SPEECH
2012
A THESIS
BY:
ERNA JANUARINI
REG. NO 090705017
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN2013
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SPEECH ACTS IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA VICTORY SPEECH
2012
A THESIS
BY:
ERNA JANUARINI
Reg. No 090705017
Supervisor,
Co-Supervisor,
Dr. Eddy Setia, M. Ed. TESP
Drs. Umar Mono, Dip. Trans. M. Hum
195704121984031001
196001221986011001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in
English Literature
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2013
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara ( USU Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra
Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M. Hum
19541117 198003 1 002
19504191 98102 2 001
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examination in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatra Utara on 4 July 2013
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatra Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners:
H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS,
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M. Hum
Dr. Eddy Setia, M. Ed. TESP
Drs. Umar Mono, Dip. Trans. M. Hum
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AKCKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarakatuh,
First of all I, would like to give my biggest gartitude to almighty ALLAH
SWT for blessings my life. Nothing is possible to happen without His permission.
I am also grateful to the dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of
Sumatera Utara, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., for giving all students facilities to support
our study. The gratitude is also expresses to the head of English Department Dr.
Muhizar Muchtar. M.S. and secretary Dr.Nurlela, M.Hum. for all things that you
give for me during my study. The gratitude is also express to Bg. Am as
adminitration matters who often helps me during my study.
I also would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP as
my supervisor and Mr. Umar Mono, Dip. Trans. M.Hum. as my co-supervisior
respectively for helps, guidance, and contributions in my thesis.
I would like to thank Ms. Drs.Persadanta br.karo-karo as my academic
advisor. My gratitude is also expressed to all of my lectures in English Department
who taught me much and contributed the knowledge during the academic years.
My lovely thanks to my parents Zulnaidi S.S. M.Hum and Ermiati S.S. They
are my biggest motivators who always support me in every condition and give me
anything I need during the making of this thesis. I am really thankful and I love them
so much. To my really lovely younger sister Septiarini Zuliati who often remember
me about my thesis, my older brother Sabriandi Erdian and her wife (kak Eka) who
gave me some books to help my thesis, and my older sister Elviati Saprina and his
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
husband (bg. Husnel). For my lovely nieces (Syaza, Durra, Futlah, Oyya, Aqila,
Imuf) and nephew (syafiq). And for my cousins which can’t mention one by one ^_^.
Thanks to my best friend who always beside me in every condition Dewi
“latdong”,
Sinta “wecai”, and Dyah “emak”, I’m nothing without you friends.
Thanks to all friends in 2009 (izal, dinda, ade”mamak”, ai, rini, bayu, arif, yuda, tai,
heni, mita, winda, ina, nur, yuni and another which can’t mention one by one. For all
people who often stay in Sekret (kk Syari, Ayu, Ridho, Fani, wina, rizky, etc).
Thanks to another friends like Mida “minong”, Nonie, July “preman bali”,
etc. My cyber friends like Fabri, Nici, Rosi, etc. For all people in Spirit, MJD,
Gajepol, grup Koro, G2 and another community which I join there. And the last, I’m
thankful to all people who always question me “kapan wisuda?, udah sampe mana
skripsi?” and another question like that.
Medan, July 2013
Erna Januarini
090705017
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, ERNA JANUARINI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE
WHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY
WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR WARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO
OTHER
PERSON’S
WORK
HAS
BEEN
USED
WITHOUT
DUE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS
HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ABOTHER DEGREE IN
ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
:
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: ERNA JANUARINI
TITLE OF THESIS
: SPEECH ACTS IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA’S
VICTORY SPEECH 2012
QUALIFICATION
:S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION
DEPARTMENT
AT
OF
THE
DISCRETION
ENGLISH,
FACULTY
OF
THE
LIBRARIAN
OF
CULTURAL
OF
STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date
:
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Dalam skripsi yang berjudul Speech Acts In President Barack Obama Victory
Speech 2012 ini, penulis menganalisis tindak ilokusi serta tindak tutur lansung dan
tidak langsung yang dihasilkan oleh Barack Obama sebagai pembicara di dalam
pidato kemenangannya sebagai Presiden Amerika Serikat tahun 2012 berdasarkan
kategorinya masing-masing, yakni representatif, direktif, ekpresif, komisif, deklarasi.
Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah menemukan jenis-jenis tindak ilokusi serta tindak tutur
langsung dan tidak langsung di dalam pidato kemenangan Barack Obama tahun
2012. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dari
Huberman dan Miles. Langkah yang dilakukan penulis dalam mengerjakan skripsi
adalah menonton video pidato tersebut secara berulang-ulang dan menganalisis
tindak ilokusi serta tindak tutur langsung dan tidak langsungnya. Hasil dari analisis
ditemukan bahwa terdapat 108 ujaran yang merupakan ilokusi yang terdiri 5
kategori. Kategori – kategori itu adalah representatif 57 ujaran (52,77%), komisif 21
ujaran (19,44%), expressive 21 ujaran (19,44%), direktif 5 ujaran (4,62%) dan
deklarasi 4 ujaran (2,7%).penulis juga menemukan 3 tindak tutur langsung dan 1
tindak tutur tidak langsung di dalam pidato ini.
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
In the thesis, entitled Speech Acts In President Barack Obama's Victory Speech
2012. The author analyzes the illocutionary acts and direct and indirect speech acts
and by Barack Obama as a speaker based on representative, directive, expressive,
commissive, and declaration. The purpose of this thesis is to find the types of
illocutionary acts and direct and indirect speech acts and in Barack Obama's victory
speech 2012. In writing this thesis, the author uses a qualitative method from
Huberman and Miles. Steps taken by the author to do this thesis are watch the speech
video repeatly and analyze the illocutionary acts and direct and indirect speech acts.
Results of the analysis found that there are 108 utterances of illocutionary which
consists in 5 categories. They are that is representative of 57 utterances (52.77%),
commissive 21 utterances (19.44%), expressive utterances 21 (19.44%), directive
utterances 5 (4.62%) and 4 declaration utterances (2.7%). The author also found 3
untterances consist of direct speech acts and 1 utterance consist of indirect speech
acts in this speech.
ix
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background of the Study .................................................................................. 1
1.2.Problem of the Study ........................................................................................ 4
1.3.Objective of the Study ...................................................................................... 4
1.4.Scope of the Study ............................................................................................ 5
1.5.Significance of the Study....................................................................................5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1.Pragmatics ..........................................................................................................6
2.2.Speech Acts ........................................................................................................7
2.2.1.Locutionary Act ........................................................................................8
2.2.2.Illocutionary Act .......................................................................................9
2.2.2.1.Illocutionary Classification ..................................................................10
2.2.3.Perlocutionary Act ...................................................................................15
2.3. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts .......................................................................16
2.4. Relevant Studies ...............................................................................................17
x
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III: METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1.Research Design .............................................................................................21
3.2.Data and Source ..............................................................................................21
3.3.Data Collecting Method ..................................................................................21
3.4.Data Analysis ..................................................................................................22
3.4.1.Data Reduction ................................................................................22
3.4.2.Data Display ....................................................................................23
3.4.3.Conclusion and Verification ............................................................23
CHAPTER IV: THE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1.The Category of Illocutionary Acts .................................................................25
4.2.Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ......................................................................46
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1.Conclusions .....................................................................................................50
5.2.Suggestions ......................................................................................................51
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2012
A THESIS
BY:
ERNA JANUARINI
REG. NO 090705017
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN2013
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SPEECH ACTS IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA VICTORY SPEECH
2012
A THESIS
BY:
ERNA JANUARINI
Reg. No 090705017
Supervisor,
Co-Supervisor,
Dr. Eddy Setia, M. Ed. TESP
Drs. Umar Mono, Dip. Trans. M. Hum
195704121984031001
196001221986011001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in
English Literature
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2013
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara ( USU Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra
Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M. Hum
19541117 198003 1 002
19504191 98102 2 001
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examination in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatra Utara on 4 July 2013
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatra Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners:
H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS,
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M. Hum
Dr. Eddy Setia, M. Ed. TESP
Drs. Umar Mono, Dip. Trans. M. Hum
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AKCKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarakatuh,
First of all I, would like to give my biggest gartitude to almighty ALLAH
SWT for blessings my life. Nothing is possible to happen without His permission.
I am also grateful to the dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of
Sumatera Utara, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., for giving all students facilities to support
our study. The gratitude is also expresses to the head of English Department Dr.
Muhizar Muchtar. M.S. and secretary Dr.Nurlela, M.Hum. for all things that you
give for me during my study. The gratitude is also express to Bg. Am as
adminitration matters who often helps me during my study.
I also would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP as
my supervisor and Mr. Umar Mono, Dip. Trans. M.Hum. as my co-supervisior
respectively for helps, guidance, and contributions in my thesis.
I would like to thank Ms. Drs.Persadanta br.karo-karo as my academic
advisor. My gratitude is also expressed to all of my lectures in English Department
who taught me much and contributed the knowledge during the academic years.
My lovely thanks to my parents Zulnaidi S.S. M.Hum and Ermiati S.S. They
are my biggest motivators who always support me in every condition and give me
anything I need during the making of this thesis. I am really thankful and I love them
so much. To my really lovely younger sister Septiarini Zuliati who often remember
me about my thesis, my older brother Sabriandi Erdian and her wife (kak Eka) who
gave me some books to help my thesis, and my older sister Elviati Saprina and his
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
husband (bg. Husnel). For my lovely nieces (Syaza, Durra, Futlah, Oyya, Aqila,
Imuf) and nephew (syafiq). And for my cousins which can’t mention one by one ^_^.
Thanks to my best friend who always beside me in every condition Dewi
“latdong”,
Sinta “wecai”, and Dyah “emak”, I’m nothing without you friends.
Thanks to all friends in 2009 (izal, dinda, ade”mamak”, ai, rini, bayu, arif, yuda, tai,
heni, mita, winda, ina, nur, yuni and another which can’t mention one by one. For all
people who often stay in Sekret (kk Syari, Ayu, Ridho, Fani, wina, rizky, etc).
Thanks to another friends like Mida “minong”, Nonie, July “preman bali”,
etc. My cyber friends like Fabri, Nici, Rosi, etc. For all people in Spirit, MJD,
Gajepol, grup Koro, G2 and another community which I join there. And the last, I’m
thankful to all people who always question me “kapan wisuda?, udah sampe mana
skripsi?” and another question like that.
Medan, July 2013
Erna Januarini
090705017
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, ERNA JANUARINI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE
WHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY
WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR WARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO
OTHER
PERSON’S
WORK
HAS
BEEN
USED
WITHOUT
DUE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS
HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ABOTHER DEGREE IN
ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
:
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: ERNA JANUARINI
TITLE OF THESIS
: SPEECH ACTS IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA’S
VICTORY SPEECH 2012
QUALIFICATION
:S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION
DEPARTMENT
AT
OF
THE
DISCRETION
ENGLISH,
FACULTY
OF
THE
LIBRARIAN
OF
CULTURAL
OF
STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date
:
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Dalam skripsi yang berjudul Speech Acts In President Barack Obama Victory
Speech 2012 ini, penulis menganalisis tindak ilokusi serta tindak tutur lansung dan
tidak langsung yang dihasilkan oleh Barack Obama sebagai pembicara di dalam
pidato kemenangannya sebagai Presiden Amerika Serikat tahun 2012 berdasarkan
kategorinya masing-masing, yakni representatif, direktif, ekpresif, komisif, deklarasi.
Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah menemukan jenis-jenis tindak ilokusi serta tindak tutur
langsung dan tidak langsung di dalam pidato kemenangan Barack Obama tahun
2012. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dari
Huberman dan Miles. Langkah yang dilakukan penulis dalam mengerjakan skripsi
adalah menonton video pidato tersebut secara berulang-ulang dan menganalisis
tindak ilokusi serta tindak tutur langsung dan tidak langsungnya. Hasil dari analisis
ditemukan bahwa terdapat 108 ujaran yang merupakan ilokusi yang terdiri 5
kategori. Kategori – kategori itu adalah representatif 57 ujaran (52,77%), komisif 21
ujaran (19,44%), expressive 21 ujaran (19,44%), direktif 5 ujaran (4,62%) dan
deklarasi 4 ujaran (2,7%).penulis juga menemukan 3 tindak tutur langsung dan 1
tindak tutur tidak langsung di dalam pidato ini.
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
In the thesis, entitled Speech Acts In President Barack Obama's Victory Speech
2012. The author analyzes the illocutionary acts and direct and indirect speech acts
and by Barack Obama as a speaker based on representative, directive, expressive,
commissive, and declaration. The purpose of this thesis is to find the types of
illocutionary acts and direct and indirect speech acts and in Barack Obama's victory
speech 2012. In writing this thesis, the author uses a qualitative method from
Huberman and Miles. Steps taken by the author to do this thesis are watch the speech
video repeatly and analyze the illocutionary acts and direct and indirect speech acts.
Results of the analysis found that there are 108 utterances of illocutionary which
consists in 5 categories. They are that is representative of 57 utterances (52.77%),
commissive 21 utterances (19.44%), expressive utterances 21 (19.44%), directive
utterances 5 (4.62%) and 4 declaration utterances (2.7%). The author also found 3
untterances consist of direct speech acts and 1 utterance consist of indirect speech
acts in this speech.
ix
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background of the Study .................................................................................. 1
1.2.Problem of the Study ........................................................................................ 4
1.3.Objective of the Study ...................................................................................... 4
1.4.Scope of the Study ............................................................................................ 5
1.5.Significance of the Study....................................................................................5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1.Pragmatics ..........................................................................................................6
2.2.Speech Acts ........................................................................................................7
2.2.1.Locutionary Act ........................................................................................8
2.2.2.Illocutionary Act .......................................................................................9
2.2.2.1.Illocutionary Classification ..................................................................10
2.2.3.Perlocutionary Act ...................................................................................15
2.3. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts .......................................................................16
2.4. Relevant Studies ...............................................................................................17
x
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III: METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1.Research Design .............................................................................................21
3.2.Data and Source ..............................................................................................21
3.3.Data Collecting Method ..................................................................................21
3.4.Data Analysis ..................................................................................................22
3.4.1.Data Reduction ................................................................................22
3.4.2.Data Display ....................................................................................23
3.4.3.Conclusion and Verification ............................................................23
CHAPTER IV: THE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1.The Category of Illocutionary Acts .................................................................25
4.2.Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ......................................................................46
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1.Conclusions .....................................................................................................50
5.2.Suggestions ......................................................................................................51
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xi
Universitas Sumatera Utara