BAB II KAJIAN TEORI - PENERAPAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE JIGSAW UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS III PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS DI SDN KELAPA DUA 06 PAGI JAKARTA
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL HALAMAN KEDUA ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ii LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .................................................................................. iiiLEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... iv
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................ v KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ vii DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................... viiiDAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................... xivBAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 1 B. Identifikasi Masalah .......................................................................... 7 C. Batasan Masalah ................................................................................ 8 D. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................. 8 E. Alternatif Pemecahan Masalah .......................................................... 8 F. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................ 10 G. Manfaat Hasil Penelitian ................................................................... 10 H. Definisi Operasional .......................................................................... 12 BAB II KAJIAN TEORI A. KajianTeoritis .................................................................................... 14 1. Hakikat Hasil Belajar ................................................................... 14 a. Pengertian Hasil Belajar ......................................................... 14 b. Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Belajar .............................. 17
2. Hakikat Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial ................................................. 18 a.
Pengertian IPS .......................................................................... 18 b.
Fungsi dan Tujuan Pembelajaran IPS di SD ............................ 21 c. Ruang Lingkup Pelajaran IPS di SD ........................................ 22 d.
Karakterisik Mata Pelajaran IPS di SD .................................... 23 3. Hakikat Hasil Belajar IPS ............................................................. 24 4. Model Cooperative Learning ...................................................... 25 a.
Pengertian Cooperative Learning ........................................... 25 b.
Pentingnya Cooperative Learning .......................................... 27 5. Model Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsaw ................................... 30 a.
Pengertian Coopeartive Learning tipe Jigsaw........................ 30 b.
Prosedur Penerapan Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsaw ......... 32 c. Langkah-langkah Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsaw ............. 34 d.
Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsaw35 6. Karakteristik siswa kelas III SD ................................................... 36 B. Penelitian Yang Relevan ................................................................... 40 C. Kerangka Berpikir ............................................................................. 42 D. Hipotesis Tindakan ............................................................................ 45
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN A. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ........................................................... 46 B. Jenis Penelitian .................................................................................. 46 C. Kehadiran dan Peran Peneliti ............................................................ 49 D. Subjek Penelitian ............................................................................... 50 E. Rancangan Penelitian ........................................................................ 51 F. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................... 56 G. TeknikAnalisis Data ......................................................................... 63 H. Teknik Keabsahan Data .................................................................... 66 I. Indikator Keberhasilan Penelitian ..................................................... 68 J. Jadwal Penelitian ............................................................................... 69
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Deskripsi Data ................................................................................... 70 1. Deskripsi Pelaksanaan Tindakan Siklus I ................................... 70 2. Deskripsi Pelaksanaan Tindakan Siklus II .................................. 82 3. Deskripsi Pelaksanaan Tindakan Siklus III................................. 94 4. Deskripsi Pelaksanaan Tindakan Siklus IV ................................ 106 B. Hasil Belajar ...................................................................................... 117 1. Hasil Belajar Siklus I .................................................................. 117 2. Hasil Belajar Siklus II ................................................................. 124 3. Hasil Belajar Siklus III ................................................................ 128 4. Hasil Belajar Siklus IV................................................................ 132 C. Teknik Pemeriksaan Keabsahan Data ............................................... 136 D. Pengujian Hipotesis Tindakan .......................................................... 137 E. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ............................................................ 140 BAB V PENUTUP A. Simpulan ........................................................................................... 149 B. Rekomendasi .................................................................................... 150
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 152
RIWAYAT HIDUP .................................................................................... 155
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Kisi-kisi pengembangan Instrumen Hasil Belajar ........................ 58Tabel 3.2 Kisi-kisi observasi hasil belajar afektif ......................................... 60Tabel 3.3 Lembar observasi aktivitas guru ................................................... 60Tabel 3.4 Lembar Catatan Harian ................................................................. 62Table 3.5 Klarifikasi indeks kesukaran ......................................................... 67Tabel 3.6 Klarifikasi indeks daya pembeda .................................................. 67Tabel 3.7 Indikator keberhasilan hasil belajar siswa .................................... 68Tabel 3.8 Jadwal Penelitian........................................................................... 69Tabel 4.1 Daftar Nilai hasil tes kognitif siklus I ........................................... 118Tabel 4.2 Rekaptulasi hasil belajar kognitif siklus I ..................................... 119Tabel 4.3 Aspek kemampuan kognitif C1 (pengetahuan), C2 (pemahaman), C3(penerapan) siklus I ...................................................................... 119
Tabel 4.4 Daftar hasil belajar afektif siklus I ................................................ 122Tabel 4.5 Rekaptulasi hasil belajar afektif siklus I ....................................... 123Tabel 4.6 Daftar Nilai hasil belajar kognitif siklus II ................................... 124Tabel 4.7 Rekapituasi hasil belajar kognitif siklus II ................................... 125Tabel 4.8 Daftar hasil belajar afektif siklus II............................................... 126Tabel 4.9 Rekaptilulasi hasil belajar afektif siklus II .................................... 127Tabel 4.10 Daftar hasil belajar kognitif siklus III ......................................... 128Tabel 4.11 Rekaptiluasi hasil belajar kognitif siklus III .............................. 129Tabel 4.12 Daftar skor hasil belajar afektif siklus III ................................... 130Tabel 4.13 Rekapitulasi hasil belajar afektif siklus III ................................ 131Tabel 4.14 Daftar nilai hasil belajar kognitif siklus IV ................................. 132Tabel 4.15 Rekaptiluasi hasil belajar kognitif siklus IV .............................. 133Tabel 4.16 Daftar skor hasil belajar afektif siklus IV ................................... 134Tabel 4.17 Rekaptiluasi peningkatan hasil belajar afektif siklus IV ............ 142DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Pembagian kelompok model jigsaw .......................................... 33Gambar 2.2 kerangka berpikir....................................................................... 45Gambar 3.1 Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Menurut Kemmis dan Mc Taggart . 48Gambar 4.1 Siswa dan Guru berdoa bersama ............................................... 71Gambar 4.2 Siswa memilih materi di dalam amplop secara acak................. 73Gambar 4.3 Diskusi kelompok asal .............................................................. 74Gambar 4.4 Guru memotivasi siswa ............................................................. 84Gambar 4.5 Guru memberikan arahan kepada siswa .................................... 86Gambar 4.6 Siswa mempersentasikan hasil diskusi ...................................... 89Gambar 4.7 Guru sedang mengkondisikan kelas ......................................... 98Gambar 4.8 Suasana diskusi kelompok ahli ................................................. 99Gambar 4.9 Guru sedang melakukan sebuah quiz ........................................ 101Gambar 4.10 Guru sedang kegiatan apersepsi kepada siswa ........................ 108Gambar 4.11 Guru sedang memandu kelompok ahli .................................... 109Gambar 4.12 Siswa sedang mengerjakan lembar evaluasi ........................... 111Gambar 4.13 Siswa sedang mengajukan dan menjawab pertanyaan ............ 112Gambar 4.14 Guru sedang memberikan pesan pada akhir pembelajaran ..... 114Gambar 4.15 Diagram hasil belajar kognitif dan afektif siklus I .................. 123Gambar 4.16 Diagram hasil belajar kognitif dan afektif siklus II ................. 127Gambar 4.17 Diagram hasil belajar kognitif dan afektik siklus III ............... 131Gambar 4.18 Diagram hasil belajar kognitif dan afektif siklus IV ............... 135Gambar 4.19 Diagram peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siklus I, II, III danSiklus IV ................................................................................. 146
Gambar 4.20 Diagram peningkatan hasil belajar afektif siklus I, II, III danSiklus IV ................................................................................ 146