Pra Rancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Asam Fenil Asetat dari Benzil Sianida dan Asam Sulfat dengan Kapasitas Produksi 2.000 ton/tahun

  PRA RANCANGAN PABRIK PEMBUATAN ASAM FENIL ASETAT DARI BENZIL SIANIDA DAN ASAM SULFAT DENGAN KAPASITAS 2.000 TON/TAHUN TUGAS AKHIR Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Ujian Sarjana Teknik Kimia OLEH : MARTHA ANGELINA TARIGAN NIM : 080405028 DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2012

  Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa atas berkat dan rahmatNya tugas akhir dengan judul “Pra Rancangan Pabrik

  

Pembuatan Asam Fenil Asetat dari Benzil Sianida dan Asam Sulfat dengan

Kapasitas Produksi 2.000 ton/tahun

  ” dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Tugas akhir ini disusun untuk melengkapi tugas-tugas dan merupakan salah satu syarat untuk mengikuti ujian sarjana pada Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas

  Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

  Rasa sayang dan terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada keluarga besar penulis, ibu tercinta Jumpa Malem Pinem, ayah yang selalu dirindukan Rasmi Tarigan (†), kakak tersayang Lidya Camelia Kesumajaya Tarigan, abang terbaik Pribumi Bukit, adik terganteng Andreas Putra Suranta Tarigan, kakak sangat luar biasa yang pernah kumiliki Maria Sri Agustina Tarigan (†), dan malaikat kecilku Ezkiel Pratama Bukit.

  Ir.

  Rasa terima kasih penulis juga kepada dosen pembimbing penulis, Bapak Bambang Trisakti, M.T. dan Ibu Ir. Netti Herlina, M.T. yang senantiasa membimbing penulis dalam mengerjakan tugas akhir ini.

  Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Bapak Dr.Eng Ir. Irvan, M.Si. selaku ketua Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

  2. Ibu Dr. Ir. Fatimah, M.T. selaku sekretaris Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara dan dosen pembimbing kerja praktek.

  3. Ibu Ir. Renita Manurung, M.T. selaku koordinator tugas akhir Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

  4. Bapak Dr.Eng. Rondang Tambun, S.T., M.T. selaku dosen penguji I, dan Ibu Prof. Dr. Ir. Rosdanelli Hasibuan, M.T. selaku dosen penguji II, atas arahan dan bimbingan yang sangat baik untuk perbaikan Tugas Akhir ini.

  5. Ibu Farida Hanum, S.T., M.T. dan Ibu Ir. Nurhasmawati Pohan, M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing penelitian.

  6. Bapak dan Ibu dosen Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

  7. Pak Sutiono, Pak Darsono, Kak Sri, Bu Deli, Bang Erick, pak Syamsul, kak Santi, dan semua pegawai Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

  8. Tagora Bangkit Pahala Simanjuntak, S.T. atas kerjasamanya yang sangat baik dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini.

  9. Sahabat-sahabat terbaik di Teknik Kimia, Rinaldry, Loisa, Erika, Irza, Hendry, Edward, Eric, Rakhmat Akbar, Rahmad Taufik, Michael Melvha, Satriyani, Kartini, Bella, Melisa, Lilies, Frendis, Eka, Nanta, Rudi, Kris, dan semua teman- teman stambuk 2008 atas bantuan dan semangat kepada penulis.

  10. Kak Cory, kak Putri Dei, bang Rossi, bang Septin, bang Henry (TS) (†) dan semua abang-kakak kandung angkatan 2005 atas motivasinya, semua junior 2009, 2010, dan 2011, Efraim, Rio, Nehemia, dan semua teman-teman KMK. Teman-teman asisten Laboratorium Kimia Fisika Fachry, Basril, kak Wita, Luri, Revi, Retno, Chamsa, Juli, Cuaca, Rio dan Laboratorium Penelitian bang Bath.

  12. Semua guru TK Fajar, SD St. Antonius, SMP Putri Cahaya, SMA St. Thomas 1.

  13. Yernita, Yuri, Meita, Silvia, Gembira, Ester, bang Teo, dan teman-teman SMA Santo Thomas 1. Caroline (†), Dina, Kristanti, Mean, Uli, Anggi, Anes, Gerry, Christy, Neddi, Oktis, Dedi, bang Julianto, dan teman-teman SMP Putri Cahaya.

  14. Guru-guru dan anak-anak KAKR serta PERMATA GBKP Pasar IV Selayang II.

  15. Keluarga besar Tarigan dan Pinem, Mama-Mami Tengah, Mama-Mami Uda, bi Tua, bi Tengah, bi Uda, dan semua yang sudah mendoakan penulis.

  Penulis menyadari bahwa Tugas Akhir ini masih terdapat banyak kekurangan dan ketidaksempurnaan. Oleh karena itu penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan masukkan yang sifatnya membangun demi kesempurnaan pada penulisan berikutnya. Semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua.

  Medan, Desember 2012 Penulis,

  Martha Angelina Tarigan NIM. 080405028 Pabrik Asam Fenil Asetat ini direncanakan akan berproduksi dengan kapasitas 2.000 ton/tahun (238,0952 kg/jam) dan beropersi selama 350 hari dalam setahun. Pabrik ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap produk impor dan ditargetkan dapat mengekspor Asam Fenil Asetat.

  Lokasi pabrik yang direncanakan adalah Kawasan Gresik dekat Sungai Brantas dan Selat Madura, Jawa Timur dengan luas tanah yang dibutuhkan sebesar

  2 11.323 m .

  Tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan untuk mengoperasikan pabrik sebanyak 100 orang. Bentuk badan usaha yang direncanakan adalah Perseroan Terbatas (PT) dan bentuk organisasinya adalah organisasi garis dan staf.

  Hasil analisa terhadap aspek ekonomi pabrik Asam Fenil Asetat adalah :

• Modal Investasi = Rp 233.554.214.147,00
• Biaya Produksi Per Tahun = Rp 365.582.945.190,00
• Hasil Jual Produk Per Tahun = Rp 461.978.980.560,00
• Laba Bersih Per Tahun = Rp 67.157.338.636,00
• Profit Margin (PM) = 20,7616 %
• Break Even Point (BEP) = 43,1661 %
• Return Of Investment (ROI) = 28,7545 %
• Pay Out Time (POT) = 3,4777 tahun
• Return Of Network (RON) = 47,9242 %
• Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) = 30,53 

  Dari hasil analisa aspek ekonomi, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik pembuatan Asam Fenil Asetat ini layak untuk didirikan.

DAFTAR ISI

  Halaman KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................. i

  INTISARI .................................................................................................................. iii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xii DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................................... xiii

  BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... I-1

  1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... I-1

  1.2 Perumusan Masalah ........................................................................... I-2

  1.3 Tujuan Pra Rancangan ....................................................................... I-3

  1.4 Manfaat Pra Rancangan ..................................................................... I-3

  BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ II-1

  2.1 Asam Fenil Asetat ............................................................................ II-1

  2.2 Sifat-sifat Bahan Baku dan Produk .................................................. II-2

  2.2.1 Sifat-sifat Bahan Baku ............................................................ II-2

  2.2.2 Sifat-sifat Produk .................................................................... II-3

  2.3 Proses-proses dalam Pembuatan Asam Fenil Asetat ....................... II-4

  2.3.1 Pembuatan Asam Fenil Asetat dari Benzil Klorida dengan Magnesium .............................................................................. II-4

  2.3.2 Pembuatan Asam Fenil Asetat dari Benzil Sianida dan Asam Sulfat ....................................................................................... II-5

  2.4 Deskripsi Proses ............................................................................... II-5

  BAB III NERACA MASSA ............................................................................... III-1

  3.1 Mixer (M-01) .................................................................................. III-1

  3.2 Reaktor (R-01) ................................................................................ III-1

  3.3 Washing (W-01) .............................................................................. III-2

  3.4 Filter Press (F-01) ........................................................................... III-2

  3.5 Dekanter (DC-01) ........................................................................... III-2

  3.6 Menara Destilasi (MD-01) .............................................................. III-3

  3.7 Kondensor (CD-01)......................................................................... III-3

  3.8 Reboiler (RB-01)............................................................................. III-3

  3.9 Prilling Tower (PT-01) .................................................................... III-3

  3.10 Ball Mill (BM-01) ......................................................................... III-4

  3.11 Screening (SC-01) ......................................................................... III-4

  BAB IV NERACA ENERGI............................................................................... IV-1

  4.1 Heater (HE-01) ............................................................................... IV-1

  4.2 Mixer (M-01) .................................................................................. IV-1

  4.3 Reaktor (R-01) ................................................................................ IV-1

  4.4 Heater (HE-02) ............................................................................... IV-2

  4.5 Washing (W-01) .............................................................................. IV-2

  4.6 Cooler (HE-03) ............................................................................... IV-2

  4.7 Heater (HE-04) ............................................................................... IV-2

  4.9 Reboiler (RB-01)............................................................................. IV-3

  4.10 Cooler (HE-05) ............................................................................. IV-3

  4.11 Cooler (HE-06) ............................................................................. IV-3

  4.12 Prilling Tower (PT-01) .................................................................. IV-3

  BAB V SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN................................................................ V-1

  5.1 Tangki Penyimpanan Benzil Sianida (TK-01) ................................. V-1

  5.2 Pompa (P-01) ................................................................................... V-1

  5.3 Heater Benzil Sianida (HE-01) ........................................................ V-2

  5.4 Tangki Penyimpanan Asam Sulfat (TK-02) .................................... V-2

  5.5 Pompa (P-02) ................................................................................... V-2

  5.6 Mixer (M-01) ................................................................................... V-3

  5.7 Pompa (P-03) ................................................................................... V-3

  5.8 Pompa (P-04) ................................................................................... V-4

  5.9 Reaktor (R-01) ................................................................................. V-4

  5.10 Pompa (P-05) ................................................................................. V-5

  5.11 Heater (HE-02) .............................................................................. V-5

  5.12 Pompa (P-06) ................................................................................. V-5

  5.13 Washing (W-01) ............................................................................. V-6

  5.14 Pompa (P-07) ................................................................................. V-6

  5.15 Filter Press dan Plate Frame (F-01) ............................................... V-7

  5.16 Pompa (P-08) ................................................................................. V-7

  5.17 Pompa (P-09) ................................................................................. V-8

  5.18 Cooler (HE-03) .............................................................................. V-8

  5.19 Gudang Penyimpanan Ammonium Bisulfat (G-01) ...................... V-8

  5.20 Dekanter (D-01) ............................................................................. V-9

  5.21 Pompa (P-10) ................................................................................. V-9

  5.22 Preheater Umpan Destilasi (HE-04)............................................ V-10

  5.23 Pompa (P-11) ............................................................................... V-10

  5.24 Pompa (P-12) ............................................................................... V-11

  5.25 Menara Destilasi (MD-01) ........................................................... V-11

  5.26 Kondensor (CD-01)...................................................................... V-12

  5.28 Pompa (P-13) ............................................................................... V-12

  5.29 Pompa (P-14) ............................................................................... V-13

  5.30 Cooler (HE-05) ............................................................................ V-13

  5.31 Pompa (P-15) ............................................................................... V-13

  5.32 Pompa (P-16) ............................................................................... V-14

  5.33 Reboiler (RB-01).......................................................................... V-14

  5.34 Pompa (P-17) ............................................................................... V-15

  5.35 Cooler (HE-06) ............................................................................ V-15

  5.36 Blower (BL-01) ............................................................................ V-15

  5.37 Prilling Tower (PT-01) ................................................................. V-16

  5.38 Ball Mill (BM-01) ........................................................................ V-16

  5.39 Screening (SC-01) ........................................................................ V-16

  5.40 Bucket Elevator (BE-01) .............................................................. V-17

  5.41 Belt Conveyor (BC-01) ................................................................ V-17

  5.42 Gudang Penyimpanan Asam Fenil Asetat (G-02)........................ V-18

  BAB VI INSTRUMENTASI DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA ........................ VI-1

  6.1 Instrumentasi ................................................................................... VI-1

  6.2 Keselamatan Kerja .......................................................................... VI-8

  6.3 Keselamatan Kerja pada Pabrik Pembuatan Asam Fenil Asetat ..... VI-9

  6.3.1 Pencegahan terhadap Kebakaran dan Peledakan ................... VI-9

  6.3.2 Peralatan Perlindungan Diri ................................................. VI-10

  6.3.3 Keselamatan Kerja terhadap Listrik ..................................... VI-13

  6.3.4 Pencegahan terhadap Gangguan Kesehatan ......................... VI-14

  6.3.5 Pencegahan terhadap Bahaya Mekanis ................................ VI-14

  6.3.6 Sanksi Pelanggaran Keselamatan Kerja ............................... VI-15

  6.3.7 Pencegahan dan Pertolongan Pertama jika Terkena Bahan Kimia .................................................................................... VI-16

  6.4 Lembar Data Keselamatan Bahan ................................................. VI-16

  6.4.1 Asam Fenil Asetat (C

  

6 H

  5 CH

  2 COOH) .................................. VI-16

  6.4.2 Ammonium Bisulfat ((NH

  4 )HSO 4 ) ...................................... VI-17

  6.4.3 Benzil Sianida (C H CH CN) .............................................. VI-18

  6

  5

  2 BAB VII UTILITAS ............................................................................................ VII-1

  7.1 Kebutuhan Uap (Steam) ................................................................. VII-1

  7.2 Kebutuhan Air ................................................................................ VII-2

  7.2.1 Screening ............................................................................... VII-6

  7.2.2 Sedimentasi ........................................................................... VII-6

  7.2.3 Klarifikasi ............................................................................. VII-6

  7.2.4 Filtrasi ................................................................................... VII-8

  7.2.5 Demineralisasi ....................................................................... VII-9

  7.2.6 Deaerator ............................................................................. VII-13

  7.3 Kebutuhan Bahan Kimia .............................................................. VII-13

  7.4 Kebutuhan Listrik ........................................................................ VII-14

  7.5 Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar .............................................................. VII-15

  7.5.1 Keperluan Bahan Bakar untuk Generator ........................... VII-15

  7.5.2 Bahan Bakar untuk Ketel Uap ............................................ VII-15

  7.6 Unit Pengolahan Limbah ............................................................. VII-16

  7.7 Perhitungan untuk Sistem Pengolahan Limbah ........................... VII-17

  7.8 Spesifikasi Peralatan Utilitas ....................................................... VII-18

  7.8.1 Screening (SC) .................................................................... VII-18

  7.8.2 Pompa Screening (PU-01) .................................................. VII-18

  7.8.3 Bak Sedimentasi (BS) ......................................................... VII-19

  7.8.4 Pompa Sedimentasi (PU-02) ............................................... VII-19

  7.8.5 Tangki Pelarutan Alum [Al

  

2 (SO

4 ) 3 ] (TP-01) ...................... VII-19

  7.8.6 Pompa Alum (PU-03) ......................................................... VII-20

  7.8.7 Tangki Pelarutan Soda Abu [Na CO ] (TP-02) .................. VII-20

  2

  3

  7.8.8 Pompa Soda Abu (PU-04)................................................... VII-21

  7.8.9 Clarifier (CL) ...................................................................... VII-21

  7.8.10 Sand Filter (SF) ................................................................ VII-21

  7.8.11 Pompa Filtrasi (PU-05) ..................................................... VII-22

  7.8.12 Tangki Utilitas 1 (TU-01) ................................................. VII-22

  7.8.13 Pompa ke Tangki Utilitas 2 (PU-06)................................. VII-23

  7.8.14 Pompa ke Cation Exchanger (PU-07) .............................. VII-23

  7.8.16 Pompa ke Sand Filter (PU-09) ......................................... VII-24

  7.8.17 Tangki Pelarutan H SO (TP-03) ...................................... VII-25

  2

  4

  7.8.18 Pompa H

  2 SO 4 (PU-10) ...................................................... VII-25

  7.8.19 Cation Exchanger (CE) ..................................................... VII-25

  7.8.20 Pompa ke Anion Exchanger (PU-11) ................................ VII-26

  7.8.21 Tangki NaOH (TP-04) ...................................................... VII-26

  7.8.22 Pompa NaOH (PU-12) ...................................................... VII-27

  7.8.23 Anion Exchanger (AE) ...................................................... VII-27

  7.8.24 Pompa Anion Exchanger (PU-13) .................................... VII-28

  7.8.25 Tangki Pelarutan Kaporit [Ca(ClO)

  2 ] (TP-05).................. VII-28

  7.8.26 Pompa Kaporit (PU-14) .................................................... VII-28

  7.8.27 Tangki Utilitas 2 (TU-02) ................................................. VII-29

  7.8.28 Pompa Domestik (PU-15) ................................................. VII-29

  7.8.29 Menara Pendingin Air (Water Cooling Tower) (CT) ....... VII-30

  7.8.30 Pompa Menara Pendingin Air (PU-16) ............................. VII-30

  7.8.31 Deaerator (DE) .................................................................. VII-31

  7.8.32 Pompa Deaerator (PU-17) ................................................. VII-31

  7.8.33 Ketel Uap (KU) ................................................................. VII-31

  7.8.34 Tangki Bahan Bakar (TB-01) ........................................... VII-32

  7.9 Spesifikasi Peralatan Unit Pengolahan Limbah ........................... VII-32

  7.9.1 Bak Penampung (POND) .................................................... VII-32

  7.9.2 Bak Pengendapan Awal (BPA) ........................................... VII-32

  7.9.3 Bak Netralisasi (BN) ........................................................... VII-33

  7.9.4 Kolam Aerasi (KA) ............................................................. VII-33

  7.9.5 Tangki Sedimentasi (TS) .................................................... VII-34

  7.9.6 Pompa Bak Penampung (PU-20) ........................................ VII-34

  7.9.7 Pompa Bak Pengendapan Awal (PU-21) ............................ VII-34

  7.9.8 Pompa Bak Netralisasi (PU-22) .......................................... VII-35

  7.9.9 Pompa Aerasi (PU-23) ........................................................ VII-35

  7.9.10 Pompa Sedimentasi (PU-24) ............................................. VII-36

  7.9.11 Flash Drum (FD) ............................................................... VII-36

  8.1 Lokasi Pabrik ............................................................................... VIII-1

  8.2 Tata Letak Pabrik ......................................................................... VIII-6

  8.3 Perincian Luas Tanah ................................................................... VIII-7

  BAB IX ORGANISASI DAN MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN ....................... IX-1

  9.1 Pengertian Organisasi dan Manajemen ........................................... IX-1

  9.2 Bentuk Badan Usaha ....................................................................... IX-1

  9.3 Bentuk Struktur Organisasi ............................................................. IX-6

  9.3.1 Bentuk Struktur Organisasi Garis .......................................... IX-6

  9.3.2 Bentuk Struktur Organisasi Fungsionil .................................. IX-7

  9.3.3 Bentuk Struktur Organisasi Garis dan Staf ............................ IX-7

  9.3.4 Bentuk Struktur Organisasi Fungsionil dan Staf ................... IX-8

  9.4 Uraian Tugas, Wewenang, dan Tanggung Jawab ........................... IX-9

  9.4.1 Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS) ............................... IX-9

  9.4.2 Dewan Komisaris ................................................................. IX-10

  9.4.3 Direktur ................................................................................ IX-10

  9.4.4 Staf Ahli ............................................................................... IX-10

  9.4.5 Sekretaris .............................................................................. IX-10

  9.4.6 Manager Teknik ................................................................... IX-11

  9.4.7 Manager Produksi ................................................................ IX-11

  9.4.8 Manager Pemasaran ............................................................. IX-11

  9.4.9 Manager Keuangan dan Administrasi .................................. IX-11

  9.4.10 Manager Personalia ............................................................ IX-11

  9.4.11 Manager Riset dan Pengembangan .................................... IX-11

  9.4.12 Kepala Bagian Teknik ........................................................ IX-12

  9.4.13 Kepala Bagian Produksi ..................................................... IX-12

  9.4.14 Kepala Bagian Pemasaran .................................................. IX-12

  9.4.15 Kepala Bagian Keuangan dan Administrasi ...................... IX-12

  9.4.16 Kepala Bagian Personalia .................................................. IX-13

  9.4.17 Kepala Bagian Riset dan Pengembangan........................... IX-13

  9.5 Tenaga Kerja dan Jam Kerja ......................................................... IX-13

  9.5.1 Jumlah dan Tingkat Pendidikan Tenaga Kerja .................... IX-13

  9.6 Hak dan Kewajiban Karyawan ..................................................... IX-16

  BAB X ANALISIS EKONOMI.......................................................................... X-1

  10.1 Modal Investasi ............................................................................... X-1

  10.1.1 Modal Investasi Tetap (MIT) / Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) ..................................................................................... X-1

  10.1.2 Modal Kerja / Working Capital (WC) ................................. X-3

  10.1.3 Biaya Produksi Tetap (BPT) / Total Cost (TC) ................... X-4

  10.2 Total Penjualan (Total Sales) ......................................................... X-5

  10.3 Bonus Perusahaan .......................................................................... X-5

  10.4 Perkiraan Rugi/Laba Usaha ........................................................... X-5

  10.5 Analisa Aspek Ekonomi................................................................. X-6

  10.5.1 Profit Margin (PM) ............................................................. X-6

  10.5.2 Break Even Point (BEP) ...................................................... X-6

  10.5.3 Return on Investment (ROI) ................................................ X-7

  10.5.4 Pay Out Time (POT) ............................................................ X-7

  10.5.5 Return on Network (RON).................................................. X-8

  10.5.6 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) .............................................. X-8

  BAB XI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................. XI-1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... xix

  LAMPIRAN A PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA........................................ LA-1 LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN NERACA ENERGI ....................................... LB-1 LAMPIRAN C PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN ....................... LC-1 LAMPIRAN D PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN UTILITAS .... LD-1 LAMPIRAN E PERHITUNGAN ASPEK EKONOMI ...................................... LE-1

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 6.8 Instrumentasi Dekanter ................................................................... VI-8

  (CT) .............................................................................................. LD-61 Gambar LD.3 Kurva Hy terhadap 1/(Hy*

  Fenil Asetat ................................................................................... IX-20 Gambar LD.1 Sketsa Sebagian Bar Screen (dilihat dari atas) .............................. LD-1 Gambar LD.2 Grafik Entalpi dan Temperatur Cairan pada Cooling Tower

Gambar 9.1 Bagan Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan Pabrik Pembuatan AsamGambar 8.2 Tata Letak Pabrik Pembuatan Asam Fenil Asetat ....................... VIII-9Gambar 8.1 Denah Lokasi Pabrik .................................................................... VIII-4

  (Lumpur Aktif) .............................................................................. VI-17

Gambar 7.1 Skema Pengolahan Limbah dengan Sistem Activated SludgeGambar 6.10 Alat Pelindung Diri ....................................................................... VI-13Gambar 6.9 Instrumentasi Prilling Tower .......................................................... VI-8Gambar 6.7 Instrumentasi Filter Press ................................................................ VI-7Gambar 2.1 Struktur Molekul Asam Fenil Asetat ............................................... II-1Gambar 6.6 Instrumentasi Menara Destilasi ....................................................... VI-7Gambar 6.5 Instrumentasi Washing .................................................................... VI-6Gambar 6.4 Instrumentasi Reaktor ..................................................................... VI-6Gambar 6.3 Instrumentasi Heater ....................................................................... VI-5Gambar 6.2 Instrumentasi Pompa ....................................................................... VI-5Gambar 6.1 Instrumentasi Tangki ...................................................................... VI-5Gambar 2.4 Reaksi Pembentukan Asam Fenil Asetat dari Benzil Sianida ......... II-5Gambar 2.3 Reaksi Pembentukan Asam Fenil Asetat dari Benzil Klorida ......... II-4Gambar 2.2 Contoh Produk Asam Fenil Asetat (a. Penisilin G dan b. Parfum) .. II-1

• – Hy) ................................................. LD-62 Gambar LE.1 Grafik Break Even Point (BEP) Pabrik Pembuatan Asam Fenil Asetat dari Benzil Sianida dan Asam Sulfat ........................................... LE-30

• – Asia tahun 2005 ....................................... I-5

Tabel 4.1 Neraca Energi Heater (HE-01) ....................................................... IV-1

  Fenil Asetat ..................................................................................... VI-4

Tabel 6.1 Daftar Instrumentasi pada Pra Rancangan Pabrik Pembuatan AsamTabel 4.12 Neraca Energi Prilling Tower (PT-01) ........................................... IV-3Tabel 4.11 Neraca Energi Cooler (HE-06)) ...................................................... IV-3Tabel 4.10 Neraca Energi Cooler (HE-05) ....................................................... IV-3Tabel 4.9 Neraca Energi Reboiler (RB-01)..................................................... IV-3Tabel 4.8 Neraca Energi Kondensor (CD-01)................................................. IV-3Tabel 4.7 Neraca Energi Heater (HE-04) ....................................................... IV-2Tabel 4.6 Neraca Energi Cooler (HE-03) ....................................................... IV-2Tabel 4.5 Neraca Energi Washing (W-01) ...................................................... IV-2Tabel 4.4 Neraca Energi Heater (HE-02) ....................................................... IV-2Tabel 4.3 Neraca Energi Reaktor (R-01) ........................................................ IV-1Tabel 4.2 Neraca Energi Mixer (M-01) .......................................................... IV-1Tabel 3.11 Neraca Massa Screening (SC-01) ................................................... III-4

  

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.10 Neraca Massa Ball Mill (BM-01) ................................................... III-4Tabel 3.9 Neraca Massa Prilling Tower (PT-01)) ........................................... III-3Tabel 3.8 Neraca Massa Reboiler (RB-01) ..................................................... III-3Tabel 3.7 Neraca Massa Kondensor (CD-01) ................................................. III-3Tabel 3.6 Neraca Massa Menara Destilasi (DT-01)........................................ III-3Tabel 3.5 Neraca Massa Dekanter (DC-01) .................................................... III-2Tabel 3.4 Neraca Massa Filter Press (F-01) .................................................... III-2Tabel 3.3 Neraca Massa Washing (W-01) ...................................................... III-2Tabel 3.2 Neraca Massa Reaktor (R-01) ......................................................... III-1Tabel 3.1 Neraca Massa Mixer (M-01) ........................................................... III-1Tabel 1.3 Data Statistik Harga PETabel 1.2 Ekspor dan Impor Asam Fenil Asetat ................................................ I-5Tabel 1.1 Kebutuhan Asam Fenil Asetat di Indonesia ....................................... I-2Tabel 6.2 Alat Pelindung Diri ....................................................................... VI-13Tabel 6.3 Pencegahan dan Pertolongan Pertama jika Terkena BahanTabel 8.1 Perbandingan Pemilihan Lokasi Pabrik ....................................... VIII-5Tabel 9.4 Perincian Gaji Karyawan .............................................................. IX-17Tabel 9.3 Pembagian Kerja Shift Tiap Regu ................................................. IX-15Tabel 9.2 Jumlah Tenaga Kerja Beserta Tingkat Pendidikannya ................. IX-14Tabel 9.1 Perbedaan Perseroan Terbatas, Perseroan Komanditer, dan Firma IX-1Tabel 8.5 Perincian Luas Areal Pabrik ........................................................ VIII-8Tabel 8.4 Luas Perumahan Karyawan ......................................................... VIII-8Tabel 8.2 Luas Areal Parkir ......................................................................... VIII-7Tabel 7.8 Perincian Kebutuhan Listrik ........................................................ VII-14

  Kimia ............................................................................................. VI-16

Tabel 7.7 Kebutuhan Listrik pada Unit Utilitas ........................................... VII-14Tabel 7.6 Kebutuhan Listrik pada Unit Proses ............................................ VII-14Tabel 7.5 Syarat Air Umpan Ketel Uap ....................................................... VII-10Tabel 7.4 Kualitas Air Sungai Brantas, Gresik Jawa Timur .......................... VII-5Tabel 7.3 Pemakaian Air untuk Berbagai Kebutuhan .................................... VII-4Tabel 7.2 Kebutuhan Air Pendingin .............................................................. VII-2Tabel 7.1 Kebutuhan Uap sebagai Media Pemanas ....................................... VII-1

  Tabel LA.1 Berat Molekul Senyawa-Senyawa Kimia ...................................... LA-1 Tabel LA.2 Neraca Massa Mixer (M-01) .......................................................... LA-5 Tabel LA.3 Neraca Massa Reaktor (R-01) ........................................................ LA-8 Tabel LA.4 Neraca Massa Washing (W-01) ................................................... LA-11 Tabel LA.5 Komposisi Cairan di Alur 9 Tanpa Kristal .................................. LA-13 Tabel LA.6 Neraca Massa Filter (F-01) .......................................................... LA-14 Tabel LA.7 Kelarutan dalam Air ..................................................................... LA-16 Tabel LA.8 Neraca Massa Dekanter (D-01).................................................... LA-18 Tabel LA.9 Konstanta Antoine Komponen ..................................................... LA-20 Tabel LA.10 Trial Titik Didih Umpan Kolom Destilasi ................................... LA-20 Tabel LA.11 Laju Alir Setiap Alur ................................................................... LA-21 Tabel LA.12 Trial Titik Embun Destilat Kolom Destilasi ................................ LA-21 Tabel LA.13 Trial Titik Gelembung Bottom Kolom Destilasi ......................... LA-21

  Tabel LA.14 Cek Pemilihan LK dan HK .......................................................... LA-22 Tabel LA.15 Omega Point Destilasi .................................................................. LA-23 Tabel LA.16 Komposisi Komponen Destilat .................................................... LA-24 Tabel LA.17 Neraca Massa Kondensor (CD-01) .............................................. LA-25 Tabel LA.18 Komposisi Komponen Bottom .................................................... LA-26 Tabel LA.19 Neraca Massa Reboiler (RB-01) .................................................. LA-27 Tabel LA.20 Neraca Massa Prilling Tower (PT-01) ......................................... LA-28 Tabel LA.21 Neraca Massa Ball Mill (BM-01) ................................................ LA-28 Tabel LA.22 Neraca Massa Screening (SC-01) ................................................ LA-30 Tabel LB.1 Nilai ps ........................................................... LB-2

  ΔE untuk Estimasi C Tabel LB.2 Nilai pl ........................................................... LB-2

  ΔE untuk Estimasi C Tabel LB.3 Nilai Konstanta a, b, c dan d untuk Perhitungan Cp gas Tabel LB.4 Nilai Konstanta a, b, c dan d untuk Perhitungan Cp gas

  (kJ/kmol K) .................................................................................... LB-3 Tabel LB.5 Kapasitas Panas Udara ................................................................... LB-3 Tabel LB.6 Data Panas Pembentukan Standar .................................................. LB-3

  o

  Tabel LB.7 Laten Heat of vaporization pada 298, 15 K (25

  C) ....................... LB-4 Tabel LB.8 Data Steam dan Air Pendingin yang Digunakan ............................ LB-4

  o

  Tabel LB.9 Kapasitas Panas H

  2 SO

  4 Berdasarkan % Mol pada 20 C .............. LB-4

  Tabel LB.10 Neraca Energi Masuk Heater (HE-01) .......................................... LB-5 Tabel LB.11 Neraca Energi Keluar Heater (HE-01) .......................................... LB-5 Tabel LB.12 Neraca Energi Mixer (M-01) ......................................................... LB-6 Tabel LB.13 Neraca Energi Masuk Mixer .......................................................... LB-6 Tabel LB.14 Neraca Energi Keluar Mixer .......................................................... LB-7 Tabel LB.15 Neraca Energi Masuk Reaktor ....................................................... LB-8 Tabel LB.16 Neraca Energi Keluar Reaktor ....................................................... LB-8 Tabel LB.17 Panas Reaksi Standar 298,15 K ..................................................... LB-8 Tabel LB.18 Neraca Energi Reaktor (R-01) ....................................................... LB-9 Tabel LB.19 Neraca Energi Masuk Heater (HE-02) ........................................ LB-10 Tabel LB.20 Neraca Energi Keluar Heater (HE-02) ........................................ LB-10 Tabel LB.21 Neraca Energi Heater (HE-02) .................................................... LB-10

  Tabel LB.22 Neraca Energi Masuk Washing (W-01) ....................................... LB-11 Tabel LB.23 Neraca Energi Keluar Washing (W-01) ....................................... LB-11 Tabel LB.24 Neraca Energi Masuk Cooler (HE-03) ........................................ LB-12 Tabel LB.25 Neraca Energi Keluar Cooler (HE-03) ........................................ LB-12 Tabel LB.26 Neraca Energi Cooler (HE-03) .................................................... LB-13 Tabel LB.27 Neraca Energi Masuk Heater (HE-04) ........................................ LB-13 Tabel LB.28 Neraca Energi keluar Heater (HE-04) ......................................... LB-14 Tabel LB.29 Neraca Energi Heater (HE-04) .................................................... LB-14 Tabel LB.30 Heat of Vaporization pada Titik Didihnya ................................... LB-15

  o

  Tabel LB.31 Heat of Vaporization pada 183,83 C .......................................... LB-15 Tabel LB.32 Kapasitas Panas Cairan sebagai Destilat (D) ............................... LB-15 Tabel LB.33 Entalpi Cairan sebagai Reflux...................................................... LB-16

  o

  Tabel LB.35 Heat of Vaporization pada 267,85 C .......................................... LB-17 Tabel LB.36 Entalpi Cairan sebagai Lb ............................................................ LB-17

  o

  Tabel LB.37 Heat of Vaporization pada 267,85 C .......................................... LB-18 Tabel LB.38 Neraca Energi Masuk Cooler (HE-05) ........................................ LB-19 Tabel LB.39 Neraca Energi Keluar Cooler (HE-05) ........................................ LB-19 Tabel LB.40 Neraca Energi Cooler (HE-05) .................................................... LB-19 Tabel LB.41 Neraca Energi Masuk Cooler (HE-06) ........................................ LB-20 Tabel LB.42 Neraca Energi Keluar Cooler (HE-06) ........................................ LB-20 Tabel LB.43 Neraca Energi Cooler (HE-06) .................................................... LB-21 Tabel LB.44 Neraca Energi Udara Masuk Prilling Tower (PT-01) .................. LB-21 Tabel LB.45 Neraca Energi Keluar Prilling Tower (PT-01) ............................. LB-22 Tabel LB.46 Neraca Energi Udara Keluar Prilling Tower (PT-01) .................. LB-22 Tabel LB.47 Neraca Energi Prilling Tower (PT-01) ........................................ LB-22 Tabel LC.1 Perbandingan Panjang dan Diameter Tangki ................................. LC-1 Tabel LC.2 Komposisi Bahan pada Tangki Penyimpanan Benzil Sianida

  (TK-01) .......................................................................................... LC-2 Tabel LC.3 Data Temperatur Heater (HE-01) .................................................. LC-8 Tabel LC.4 Komposisi Bahan pada Tangki Penyimpanan Asam Sulfat

  (TK-02) ........................................................................................ LC-12

  Tabel LC.5 Komposisi Bahan pada Mixer (M-01) ......................................... LC-17 Tabel LC.6 Komposisi Umpan Masuk Reaktor Hidrolisis ............................. LC-27 Tabel LC.7 Komposisi Umpan Keluar Reaktor Hidrolisis ............................. LC-27 Tabel LC.8 Penentuan Nilai Xis ..................................................................... LC-33 Tabel LC.9 Ukuran Pipa Koil Pendingin ........................................................ LC-35 Tabel LC.10 Data Temperatur Heater (HE-04) ................................................ LC-40 Tabel LC.11 Komposisi Bahan pada Washing (W-01) .................................... LC-46 Tabel LC.12 Komponen Dalam Filtrat ............................................................. LC-51 Tabel LC.13 Data Temperatur Cooler (HE-05) ............................................... LC-58 Tabel LC.14 Komposisi Bahan pada Gudang Penyimpanan (G-01) ................ LC-62 Tabel LC.15 Komposisi Umpan Dekanter ........................................................ LC-63 Tabel LC.16 Komposisi Heavy Phase (Solvent) ............................................... LC-63 Tabel LC.18 Dimensi Pipa Dekanter ................................................................ LC-66 Tabel LC.19 Data Temperatur Heater (HE-06) ................................................ LC-71 Tabel LC.20 Komposisi Enriching

• – Section.................................................... LC-82

  Tabel LC.21 Komposisi Enriching

• – Section.................................................... LC-83

  Tabel LC.22 Spesifikasi Intallox Saddles ......................................................... LC-84 Tabel LC.23 Data Temperatur Condensor ........................................................ LC-87 Tabel LC.24 Komposisi Bahan pada Tangki Accumulator (TK-03) ................ LC-91 Tabel LC.25 Data Temperatur Cooler (HE-07) ................................................ LC-99 Tabel LC.26 Data Temperatur Reboiler .......................................................... LC-108 Tabel LC.27 Data Temperatur Heater (HE-08) .............................................. LC-118 Tabel LC.28 Komposisi Bahan pada Gudang Penyimpanan (G-02) .............. LC-129 Tabel LD.1 Perhitungan Entalpi dalam Penentuan Tinggi Menara

  Pendingin ..................................................................................... LD-61 Tabel LD.2 Komposisi Umpan Masuk Flash Drum ....................................... LD-89 Tabel LD.3 Tekanan Uap Komponen ............................................................. LD-89 Tabel LD.4 Data Perhitungan ................................................................... LD-90

  i

  Σ y Tabel LD.5 Komposisi Pada Flash Drum ....................................................... LD-91 Tabel LD.6 Volume limbah Cair B3 ............................................................... LD-92 Tabel LE.1 Estimasi Perincian Harga Bangunan .............................................. LE-2