STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE USE OF QUIPPER SCHOOL AS E- LEARNING MEDIA (A Survey Study on the Tenth Grade Science Class Students of SMA Negeri Ajibarang in the Academic Year 2016/2017) - repository perpustakaan
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW A. Theoretical Background 1. Perception a. Nature of Perception Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation
of information through sensory sense. By perception, we know and understand about the kinds of phenomenon which exist in our environment. People have different perceptions on an object. It can be in positive or negative perceptions.
Perception is a process which starts from the sense of organ. It is a process which related to the acceptance of information by human brain which happens during the process of interaction which is done by people with his or her environment (Slameto, 2010).
People have different perceptions toward an object that will be discussed in this research is about the use of Quipper School, and the be conclude that perception is a process of human thinking about phenomenon after they get sensation from environment through the sense of organ.
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b. Process of Perception
Perception is a process where the information enters to human brain. Through perception, people connect with the environment. It‟s done through five senses. The following steps show the process of perception by Walgito (2010):
1. Stimulus Perception appears because of response to the object or stimulus. The first step of perception is sensation. All of the sen sation enters through humans‟ senses. Sensation will influence the stimulus.
2. Registration The stimulus will be transferred by nerve to brain. Then it will be processed by brain. In this process, human being recognizes the stimulus.
3. Interpretation Stimulus entering into the brain interprets what the individual see, hear, feel, etc. Relation in this research is the
c. The Supporting Element of Perception
There are three elements which give the important role in perception, and the elements are divided into 3 elements (Walgito, 2010).
1. Object that is perceived An object will cause stimulus and it will be received by human‟s sensory device.
2. Receptor/Human sense/Sensory Device Human sense or receptor is the device to receive stimulus.
Besides that, there should be sensory nerve as a tool to continue every stimulus to the core of nerve composition called brain.
3. Attention Attention is needed to do perceptions. An individual has to focus on that particular object which may be different with other individual‟s concentration. By having different focus on the object, individual can have various perceptions.
Those three things take important role in perception; object, receptor, and attention. If those things are not complete, there will no perception come to the individual itself.
d. Factors Affecting Perception Everyone has different impression in seeing the same thing.
and external factor. In addition, Slameto (2010) suggests the factors that influence the student‟ perceptions into two following categories, those are: a. Internal factors Internal factor is a factor which comes from an individual.
This factor is divided into two factors. Those are physical factors and psychological factors.
1) Physical Factors
a) Health Factor Health means that the people are in good conditions in which the body is free from disease. Learning process will be disturbed if someone suffers from disease. In order to make the students study well, they must keep their health. In line with that statement, health conditions also influence students‟ perceptions. If students healthy there is possibility that they will give positive perceptions. Someone perceptions depends on his health conditions.
b) Physical defect Physical defect is something causing our body uncompleted.
This defect can disturb the students to study or influencing their perceptions.
a) Intelligence Chaplin as cited in Slameto (2010) defines intelligence into three categories, (1) those are the ability to meet and adapt new situations quickly and effectively, (2) the ability to use abstract concepts affectively and (3) the ability to conceive relationship and learn quickly. If students have good intelligence they will see something in the positive way.
b) Attention Attention is a factor that supports teaching learning process.
This process will be effective if students have a good attention during teaching learning process. If the teacher wants to get good attentions from students, he/ she have to design the teaching materials as effective as possible. If students have good attention on something, they will focus on it and will easy to give perceptions toward it.
c) Interest Hilgrad in Slameto (2010) defines interest is persisting tendency to pay attention and enjoy some activities or contents.
Interest has big influence in using media in teaching and learning process because when a student‟s lack of interest of the media that is used in the classroom, they will feel bored to study, for that reason a teacher should use interesting media and deliver such kind of activity related to the teaching materials based on the students‟ interest.
Aptitude is the ability to learn that will develop after they learn and practice certain skill. If teaching material suitable with students‟ aptitude, they will motivate to study hard. In line with that statement, if something suitable with students‟ aptitude, they will give good perception toward it. e) Motive James Drever as cited in Slameto (2010) defines motive as the effective factors which determine the direction of an indiv idual‟s behavior towards a goal. Students will give positive perceptions toward media if they feel that media will help them to reach their goals.
f) Readiness Readiness is preparedness to respond or react
. The students‟ readiness is based on their maturity. Furthermore, if they have readiness to study they will get better learning achievement. Same with perceptions, they will easy to give perception if they are ready to accept the media and use it based on procedure.
b. External factors It is a factor which comes from outside of an individual. There are several external factors which influence the students to learn.
Those are: 1) Family factor condition, parents‟ affection, cultural background, economic matter can influence the students‟ future education and how they will learn.
In this case, parents must take care of their children intensively by giving motivation and helping them develop their knowledge, skill and ability in order to prepare themselves in the future, including some facilities at home that the students need in learning process. Students will give good perception toward media or something if their family or parents support them to use that media, including give some facilities to operate the media. Because of that, they will feel easy to use the media.
2) School factors
a) Teaching method Method is the decision at which choices are made about the particular skill to be taught, the content to the taught, and the order in which the content will be presented (Richards, 2006). There is no best teaching method but the used of varied teaching method will increase students‟ motivation to learn harder. Students will give good perceptions if the teaching method that is used by the teacher suitable with them.
b) Curriculum Curriculum is a description of the activities that are given to students, the activities are served in learning material so that students
2010). Based on the definition, it can be concluded that in curriculum there will be a decision about what should be taught in an institution, classroom, and academic department. Students will give positive perception toward the curriculum if it suitable with their way to study. c) The teacher Teacher as a facilitator is a factor for success of teaching and learning process, because a teacher mostly decides what is actually done in the classroom. The decision includes the selection of teaching methods, teaching techniques, teaching procedures, learning materials, and the use of media or teaching tools.
d) Relationship between students Creating a good relationship between students will give positive effect among students in learning stage.
e) Media Instructional media are important things in learning activity.
Without media, learning is not complete yet. Instructional media have close relationship with the students‟ strategy because media used by the teacher in delivering the material are also used by the students in accepting the material.
The complete and right instructional media will accelerate the acceptance of material given to the students. It also concerns with the library, laboratory, computer, LCD projector, etc. Students will give good perceptions toward media if they feel that media help them in learning activity. f) Homework This is very important in order to make students to study at home.
g) School atmosphere Creating good atmosphere is important to support teaching and learning activity. It will disturb teaching learning activity if teachers do not create a good learning atmosphere.
e. Student’s Perception
Students are the main and the most important resource in the teaching and learning process. Students‟ perception is necessary in a teaching and learning situation, it occurs when the teacher interprets a given meaning to stimuli their classroom environment or in the students‟ classroom behavior (Ahmad, 2009). Several past research have shown that thought or perception plays an important part in teaching. Centra (2005) stated that students‟ perceptions of learning were highly correlated with their overall ratings of teaching effectiveness in teaching learning process. Therefore, it can be done not only through assessment test but also through knowing students‟ perception.
2. Quipper School a. Definition of Quipper School
Quipper School is one of the new e-learning media. This media was launched and could be accessed by teacher and students since 2014.
Masayuki Watanabe as the CEO of Quipper School said that Quipper is the powerful, exciting and simple application that is designed for teachers and students.
Quipper school is an online learning application originally developed by Quipper LTD in London. Mostly, countries in this world use Quipper as e-learning media including Indonesia, Philippines, Mexico, Japan, the United Kingdom, India, Russia and Turkey. Therefore, there are some languages which are available on Quipper school including English, Japanese, Filipino, Bahasa Indonesia, Mexican-Spanish, and Thai. The user can understand the language easily because language in Quipper School is simple and adjusted.
This application is very friendly and ready to use. The process of registration and sign up are very easy with clear instruction. If the teacher they don‟t have Facebook they can sign in with e-mail.
b. The Basic Operation and Features of Quipper School
Quipper is available online at To start using Quipper, teachers and students have to sign up for an account. They can use their Facebook account or create a new. If school has already registered in the Quipper database, teachers can request to the Quipper ambassador at the school to assign their account into the virtual school classroom.
Quipper school has three main features “creation”, “assessment”, and “learning”. “Creation” is for setting up the learning classroom, i ncluding the material and the students. “Assessment” is the feature for facilitating teacher to give the assignment to the students. In this feature the teacher can also choose the curriculum that is used. Feature for students is “Learning”. If the teacher and the students difficult to understand the function of each menu, Quipper school provide the question mark as a help facility.
The features in Quipper school are divided into two roles, role for teacher and role for student. Each role has different main menu.
Role Main menu Sub-menu Teacher Overview Overview, performance
Assignment Assignments, examinations Curriculum Curriculum Message Message (personal), announcement Manage Students, groups, teachers
Students Assignment To do, try it, mastered Massages Message, notices Study notes Study notes
Here are the explanations of the features teacher role ( Mulyono, 2016):
a. Overview contains of overview and performance, this feature provide the brief information of the assignment that will be collected by the students.
b. Assignment contains of assignment and examination, the teacher can create the question and time allocation of examinations, share and monitor the progress of the students.
c. Curriculum feature, in this feature there are two options for the teacher regarding the materials. The teacher can use the material that provided or the teacher creates the material by her or himself.
d. Message contains of personal message and announcement, this feature has two functions. The first is personal message is for receive the message from the student. The second is announcement, the teacher can use this submenu to send the information, announcement or note to all students.
e. Manage with submenu students, groups, teachers, it has a function to make a group which the teacher has the authority for make another groups.
There are three features for the students, assignment, messages, and study notes. informs students about tasks that need to be completed. The menu also notifies them about the tasks they have already done and their level of mastery. b. Message contains of message and notices. It allows the students interact with their friends and the teacher. It is for the students who do not understand with the material or making discussion with their friend.
c. Study notes are for making personal note based on the material or assignment. In this features can only be accessed when the teacher provide it.
c. The Strengths of Quipper School
According to Katz (2009), every year the students show the interesting of using technology in academic context. Furthermore, the students‟ responses while using Quipper school in class are very positive. The students are comfortable learning with technology and also prefer to use IT in the class.
The fact today, the students are more enjoy in using technology and also they are indicating to use technology inside or outside classroom (Katz, 2009). Most of the students like using digital in studying. Many schools also provide the things are needed in operating technology that makes the students easier to access the online class. technology (Katz, 2009). The students do not need to study about the technology, because they are already able to operate the technology. The teacher also does not need to teach hard about the technology. The teacher directly continues to use the media.
The teacher has to consider the advantages the use of media. Surely, quipper school has many advantages. Here are the advantages of quipper school based on Rachmawati (2015) It provides the material and exercises with the interesting display and understandable for students. 2) It provides all the material of Senior High School students with the curriculum needed. 3) It can monitor all the activities including the score of the students. 4) The students can review the material whenever and wherever they are. 5) Teacher and students can interact directly through the massage that provided by Quipper school. 6) It can change the passive students to be the active students. 7) It is easier, cheaper and simple.
Unlike other similar web-based learning management plat forms as Moodle, ATutor, Omeka and Dacebo that need installation on an existining a web server, Quipper provides teachers and students with a ready to use web based learning application (Mulyono, 2016). It is also supports teachers via virtual storage to give the material in form of Power Point presentations, PDF files, pictures and videos. Furthermore, it helps teacher maintain their teaching and learning activity and monitor their students‟ learning without the problem of time and place. It is interesting that the use of the facilities in Quipper is completely free.
d. The Weaknesses of Quipper School
According to Basuki (2007), every media has the weakness and the strength. The teacher has to consider both. Although technology change the style of learning process, it still influence some lacks in Indonesia. It is one of the obstacles of using e-learning media in learning process. Sulistyo-Basuki said in his journal, there are 6 lacks in Indonesia. Those are: e-learning can directly deliver in face-to-face without digital, e- learning will isolate the students, e-learning needs the master from teacher and students, the teacher has to expert in IT, e-learning makes the students are uncontrolled, and e-learning is expensive learning. The lacks of technology will balance with the human perception.
The other obstacles faced to Indonesian students are low independence level, connection problem and difficulties in understanding the material (Nawang, 2012). From those obstacles can be divided into two major problems of using technology during learning process. There are infrastructure problem and cultural problem. Infrastructure problem is the tool that is used for e-learning and the problem of connection, the quantity of computer and the knowledge of the technology is still minimize. The cultural problem is the willingness of the students or teacher in using technology.
In line with Katz (2009), the teacher had to have the experience of teacher does not really understand in online teaching. Teacher has to understand the material before the student. The teacher has to prepare well before teaching in online class.
According to Bullen and Beam in Muhammad Yazdi (2012), beside the obstacles that faced by Indonesian students, there are eight weaknesses of e-learning.
a. E-learning can make less interaction between student and student.
b. It can make the students ignore the academic and social attitude.
c. Process learning will incline in training than education.
d. The teacher will have added obligation, the teacher has to empower the material and also the technique of ICT (Information Communication Technology) e. The student who has no motivation for learning will be less motivation.
f. Limit internet signal.
g. Limit people who have the knowledge of technology.
h. The language of computer is quite difficult.
B. Previous Studies
Here, the researcher reviews some researches which were related to this research, as follows:
1. Keefektifan Penerapan E-Learning- Quipper school Pada
Pembelajaran Akuntansi Di Sma Negeri 2 Surakarta by Rizki Rahmawati, Sudiyanto and Sri Sumaryati (2015).
The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of e- learning- Quipper School application on the Accounting learning at State Senior Secondary School 2 Surakarta and the factors that support and inhibit the effectiveness of e-learning
- – Quipper School application.
The researcher in this previous study used experimental research through simple random sampling technique with the students in twelfth grade of social class SMA Negeri 2 Surakarta as the population. Techniques for collecting data that the researcher used are test, observation, interview and documentation. The result of this research based on T-test showed that Quipperschool is effective for media in learning accountancy.
The similar thing between the current research and this previous was both researches discuss about the use of Quipper School.
The purpose of both researches was quite different, the aim of the previous research was to investigate the effectiveness of e-learning- Quipper School application on the accounting learning but the current research has aim to know students‟ perceive about the use of Quipper researches also different, this current result used Survey study but the previous research used experimental research.
2. Effects of Quipper School Program based on Local Contentsin
Surat Thani Province to Enhance English Listening Skill of
Matthayomsuksa V Students by Supawadee Bang in 2016.The purpose of this research were to develop Quipper School program based on local contents in Surat Thani province, to compare students‟ English listening ability before and after using Quipper School program and to study the motivation of the students on Quipper School Program.
The methodology used by this research is a quasi- experimental research in form of one group pretest and posttest design. The participants of this research were 30 Mattayomsuksa V students who study English for tourism at Bangsawan wittayakom school, Phrasaeng District Surat Thani province, in the first semester. The instruments used by this research were Quipper School Program, Pretest and Posttest, and motivation questionnaire.
The research findings indicated that the efficiency of Quipper School program based on local content in Surat Thani province was at 80.3/82.88. The students‟ achievement after learning by using Quipper School Program based on local contents in Surat Thani province was significantly higher than before. The motivation of the students on Quipper School Program was at a high level.
The similar thing between the current research and this previous was both researches discuss about the use of Quipper School.
The purpose of both researches was different, because the previous research discussed about the effectiveness of using E-learning- Quipper School in accountancy program. The research did not relate with language even it was about education. Different with this current research had aim to know student perceptions toward the use of Quipper School in their English subject. Research methodology that used in both researches also different, this current result used Survey study but the previous research used quasi-experimental research.
C. Basic Assumptions
Media is tools to deliver a message to the recipient information. Media is very important to support teaching and learning process in the classroom. Therefore, teachers have to use the interesting media. One of the interesting media is e-learning media. In modern era, students prefer to use technology in learning than use conventional ways. Nowadays, the use of technology in learning that mostly use is Quipper School. The use of Quipper School as e-learning media gives the students more interesting way to study English. This research was aimed to investigate students‟ perception towards the use knowing this, the perception given by the students can be in positive or negative. Because Quipper school is very simple and good used in teaching and learning process especially in learning English, so the researcher assume that the students‟ perceptions will be positives.