The Portrayal of The Protagonist in Thomas Harris 'The Silence of The Lambs'.
ABSTRACT
Dalam novel The Silence Of The Lambs karya Thomas Harris, tokoh
utama yang bernama Clarice Starling merupakan seorang siswa magang dalam
kesatuan Federal Bureau Investigation (FBI) bagian divisi Behavioral Science. Ia
bertugas menangkap seorang pembunuh berantai. Penggambaran karakteristik
Starling sedemikian detail sehingga setiap pembaca dapat melihat bahwa selama
dalam proses pengejaran dan penangkapan pembunuh, Starling harus melalui
berbagai hal. Pada intinya, dia harus membuka luka lamanya. Namun, terlepas
dari itu semua, kita dapat melihat proses perubahan Starling dari seseorang yang
traumatis oleh karena luka lamanya menjadi seseorang yang berani menghadapi
kenyataan dan lepas dari traumanya. Starling pada dasarnya memiliki beberapa
karakteristik yang sebenarnya dapat ia pakai menghadapi traumanya. Namun,
pengaruh dari Dr. Lecter membuat Starling menyadari bahwa kemampuan
tersebut selama ini tersembunyi di dalam ketakutannya. Dalam hal ini terdapat
tiga karakteristik yang ia miliki yaitu kegigihan, kepintaran, dan ketidaksabaran.
Di satu sisi, ketidaksabaran merupakan karakteristik yang buruk, namun Starling
memanfaatkan ketidaksabaran tersebut guna segera mencapai tujuan akhir yakni
menyelamatkan seseorang dan lepas dari trauma kehidupannya.
iii
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
........................... ........
i
......................................
ii
.................................................
iii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purpose of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methods of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Organization of the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
2
2
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER TWO: PORTRAYAL OF THE PROTAGONIST IN THOMAS
HARRIS’ NOVEL THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS . . . . . . . .
4
CHAPTER THREE: CONCLUSION
............................
15
............................................
19
APPENDICES:
Synopsis of The Silence of the Lambs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biography of Thomas Harris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
21
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ii
Maranatha Christian University
APPENDICES
SYNOPSIS OF THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS
The story begins when Clarice Starling, a young FBI trainee, being asked
to carry an errand, by agent Jack Crawford, the head section of Behavioral
Science in FBI to visit Dr. Hannibal Lecter to get information on Buffalo Bill
a.k.a. Jame Gumb, a brilliant serial killer who wants to make a human-skin jacket
throughout women’s skins. He is deeply disturbed and unable to overcome the
death of his mother; he wants to be like his mother and feels that he should not be
in a man’s body but in a woman’s. For that reason he could be like a woman, and
less like a man.
Starling had to swap information with Dr. Lecter about her personal life,
and her biggest fear to get information about Buffalo Bill. Crawford has already
told Starling never to give personal information to Lecter, because he could use it
as his own psychological weapon.
In the end of the story, she gets caught in the fight for her life. Starling is
in modus of self-defense and manages to kill Buffalo Bill, but somehow she felt
that she should thanks Dr. Lecter because he wasn’t just giving her the hints on
“Buffalo Bill” but also releasing her from her nightmare.
20
BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR
Thomas Harris was born in 1940, Jackson, Tennessee, United States of
America. At a very young age, he had to move with all of his family back to his
father’s hometown of Rich, Mississippi. He lived and school there until he went to
Waco, Texas to continue his study at Baylor University. From there he took
English major and also worked part-time as a reporter at the News Tribune at
night.
Harris’ love life is not as good as his works. He met a fellow student,
Harriet, married her, had one child, Anna, and in the end they got divorced in the
1960’s.
Harris’ career point started after his divorce. He started sending macabre
stories to magazines like True and Argosy. He graduated at 1964 and took a brief
period of time travelling Europe before finally working as a general-assignment
reporter for the Associated Press in 1968 – 1974.
Since his career time as a reporter, especially in the criminal world and
his great attention to detail, he started to write his first novel, Black Sunday
(1975), Red Dragon (1981), Silence of the Lambs (1988), Hannibal (1999), and
Hannibal Rising (2006). With these novels, the name of Thomas Harris is wellknown around the world as the best suspense novelist.
21
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Thomas Harris, the creator of the suspense novel entitled The Silence of
the Lambs, is known as one of the best suspense writers in the world. He succeeds
in creating spectacular works and makes it adaptable into a widescreen movie. In
his works, “…Harris places his clues and his carnage with precision” (Internet
Book List). The Silence of the Lambs can be considered as a detailed suspense
story. It is believed that all of Harris’ knowledge and skills that he earned from his
previous job as a reporter makes him succeed in entering the world of writings.
The Silence of the Lambs, one of Harris’ novels that receives positive
responses from the critics, is claimed as “one of the most gripping reads of the
year"(Internet Book List). In the story, Harris creates a protagonist, Clarice
Starling, who also appears on Harris’ other novel entitled Hannibal. The reason
why I choose to analyze Starling, the protagonist, in The Silence of the Lambs is
because in this book, the characterization of the protagonist is well-described by
the author. Harris gives the reader a closer look of what kind of mental strength
that Starling has. Throughout the novel, Starling has to fight for her
1
Maranatha Christian University
freedom from her nightmare, which is actually the trauma of her past childhood.
In the end, her uncommon relationship with Dr. Hannibal “The Cannibal” Lecter,
who helps her solve the case and releases her from her nightmare, makes her
become braver than she was before.
The portrayal of the protagonist, in this case is Starling, is the one that I
want to analyze thoroughly. It is because of the progress of the characterization
that she has makes her be classified as a round and dynamic character. By
definition, a round character means a complex literary character with fully developed
and dynamic traits. complex and undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to
surprise the reader. While dynamic character means a character that undergoes a
permanent change in outlook or character during the story. It also conveys what the
author wants to say by creating such portrayal of the protagonist in the novel.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. How is the protagonist portrayed in Harris’ The Silence of the Lambs?
2. What is the purpose of the author in portraying such protagonist in the
novel?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1. To show how the protagonist portrayed in Harris’ The Silence of the
Lambs.
2. To show the purpose of the author in portraying such protagonist in the
novel.
METHOD OF RESEARCH
To elaborate the writer’s analysis of The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas
Harris, the writer conducts the library research to analyze text in order to find the
2
Maranatha Christian University
entries that will be useful in the analysis. The writer also includes the use of the
Internet sources to help the writer find the materials that the writer needed.
ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS
The thesis consists of three chapters preceded by Acknowledgements,
Table of Content, and Abstract. Chapter One is the Introduction, consisting
Background of The Study, Statement of the Problem, Purpose of The Study,
Method of Research, Organization of The Thesis. Chapter Two is the Analysis of
the Portrayal of the Protagonist in Thomas Harris’ The Silence of the Lambs.
Chapter Three is the Conclusion and the last is Bibliography, and the Appendix,
which contains the Synopsis of The Silence of the Lambs, and Biography of
Thomas Harris.
3
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER THREE
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I will review the portrayal of the protagonist in the novel
and draw some conclusion. I find that Clarice Starling as the protagonist has
characteristics which affect all of her actions that she does and also the outcome
of her problem. She is a persistent woman. Her persistency helps her when
everybody would probably give up. She uses it to give her strength, and do not
stop until she solves the problem. For example, when Starling is decide to try with
everything she has to save Catherine Martin even though everything that she has
done is ruined, and Starling was on the edge of getting recycled for her study.
Then Clarice is also portrayed so intelligently that her colleagues not only
acknowledge it but also proves it by using her intelligence in solving the case and
saves Catherine Martin from becoming Jame Gumb’s victims. Starling proves it
when she is trying to find Jame Gumb’s motive in one of his victims. She sees
that there are quite clear patterns for her to see, especially when she finds out from
Dr. Lecter that actually Jame Gumb does not see woman as an ordinary man
15
Maranatha Christian University
usually does. His motive is finally revealed when Starling finds out that Jame
Gumb is a skilled sewer and a transvestite.
Impatience is one of Starling’s characteristics that do not change from the
beginning. Her impatience is seen as the negative characteristics, yet it helps her
in the progress of the characterization that she makes. For many times that she
looks impatient, especially when she finds a clue that can lead her to find the
killer. Yet in other perspective, we see that this negative characteristic is the one
that makes her always conscious and alert all the time. Being impatient
unconsciously helps her finish the tasks assigned to her and her life problem as
soon as possible, in which means she needs to rescue Catherine Martin before
Jame Gumb kills her.
Afterwards, Harris portrays Starling as a traumatic person. She is
traumatized by the incident of her father’s death. This characteristic is very crucial
in the progress of the story. Starling’s traumatic experience is the barrier that
holds her back from doing anything that she can accomplish in her life.
The purpose of the author in this story is to tell us especially as the readers
that we need to introspect ourselves and find our weaknesses, afterward accept it,
deal with it and in the end win over it. The author realizes that it is not easy to
deal with something if one is afraid of it. Yet, the author also conveys that one
should determine one’s own fate and realize that actually we already have what it
takes to deal our trauma. Since everyone’s trauma cannot be the same and
everyone’s characteristics are different, we just need to realize it and knows how
to use our ability in the right time, and right place. One will never be free if one
cannot face one’s biggest fear and win over it.
16
Maranatha Christian University
Besides that, I also find a unique fact that the author portrays Starling, as
the female major character, lives in a world with male-domination where woman
are seen as the weak and undependable. Nowadays, gender discrimination still
exists in the society. That is the reason why it is hard for a woman to survive in a
male dominated world. And yet, in the story even the weak one, as long as they
try hard to achieve something, they can reach their goals in life and everything.
Once again the author proves that anyone can make a difference as long as one
tries hard and uses our intelligence.
I see that such character as Clarice Starling also can be seen in our real life
because some people in the real life have experienced trauma. A trauma is not
something new to every human. I am sure we all have experienced a traumatic
experience. And yet, it is up to us to decide whether the trauma will last forever. It
can be a part of our lives which can makes us stronger or destroy us. In Starling’s
case, is all about losing someone that we love. Starling has experienced how her
father died, and how her mother left her, but she still managed to fight back and
released herself. For some people these experiences can be such devastating for
their lives. The fear of losing your loved ones is something that can be seen as a
trauma just like what Starling has had. It only has one solution, for we should face
what we are afraid of bravely, intelligently, and persistently until we win.
Based on the reasons above, I conclude that Thomas Harris is successful in
portraying the protagonist. The story becomes relevant and exciting to read,
because Starling was portrayed in such a way that the reader can understand how
she feels, what she thinks, and the most important thing give us some lessons of
life about how to handle your fear and trauma in the correct ways. It is not
17
Maranatha Christian University
surprising that The Silence of the Lambs becomes one of the best novels of the
century, especially in its genre, thriller novel. Starling can bring us the suspense in
every action that she makes.
18
Maranatha Christian University
Bibliography
Primary text:
Harris, Thomas. The Silence of the Lambs. London: Arrow Books, 1999.
Reference:
The Mississippi Writers Page. 2008. 5 Jan. 2008
< http://www.olemiss.edu/mwp/dir/harris_thomas/index.html>
Wikipedia.com. 2008. 5 Jan. 2008
< http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_%28novel%29>
The Official Website Thomas Harris. 2009. 5 Jan.2009.
Mississippi Writers and Musician. Jacobs, Nancy. 2009. 3 Sept. 2009
Wow Essays. 2008. 5 Jan. 2008
19
Maranatha Christian University
Dalam novel The Silence Of The Lambs karya Thomas Harris, tokoh
utama yang bernama Clarice Starling merupakan seorang siswa magang dalam
kesatuan Federal Bureau Investigation (FBI) bagian divisi Behavioral Science. Ia
bertugas menangkap seorang pembunuh berantai. Penggambaran karakteristik
Starling sedemikian detail sehingga setiap pembaca dapat melihat bahwa selama
dalam proses pengejaran dan penangkapan pembunuh, Starling harus melalui
berbagai hal. Pada intinya, dia harus membuka luka lamanya. Namun, terlepas
dari itu semua, kita dapat melihat proses perubahan Starling dari seseorang yang
traumatis oleh karena luka lamanya menjadi seseorang yang berani menghadapi
kenyataan dan lepas dari traumanya. Starling pada dasarnya memiliki beberapa
karakteristik yang sebenarnya dapat ia pakai menghadapi traumanya. Namun,
pengaruh dari Dr. Lecter membuat Starling menyadari bahwa kemampuan
tersebut selama ini tersembunyi di dalam ketakutannya. Dalam hal ini terdapat
tiga karakteristik yang ia miliki yaitu kegigihan, kepintaran, dan ketidaksabaran.
Di satu sisi, ketidaksabaran merupakan karakteristik yang buruk, namun Starling
memanfaatkan ketidaksabaran tersebut guna segera mencapai tujuan akhir yakni
menyelamatkan seseorang dan lepas dari trauma kehidupannya.
iii
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
........................... ........
i
......................................
ii
.................................................
iii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purpose of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methods of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Organization of the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
2
2
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER TWO: PORTRAYAL OF THE PROTAGONIST IN THOMAS
HARRIS’ NOVEL THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS . . . . . . . .
4
CHAPTER THREE: CONCLUSION
............................
15
............................................
19
APPENDICES:
Synopsis of The Silence of the Lambs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biography of Thomas Harris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
21
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ii
Maranatha Christian University
APPENDICES
SYNOPSIS OF THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS
The story begins when Clarice Starling, a young FBI trainee, being asked
to carry an errand, by agent Jack Crawford, the head section of Behavioral
Science in FBI to visit Dr. Hannibal Lecter to get information on Buffalo Bill
a.k.a. Jame Gumb, a brilliant serial killer who wants to make a human-skin jacket
throughout women’s skins. He is deeply disturbed and unable to overcome the
death of his mother; he wants to be like his mother and feels that he should not be
in a man’s body but in a woman’s. For that reason he could be like a woman, and
less like a man.
Starling had to swap information with Dr. Lecter about her personal life,
and her biggest fear to get information about Buffalo Bill. Crawford has already
told Starling never to give personal information to Lecter, because he could use it
as his own psychological weapon.
In the end of the story, she gets caught in the fight for her life. Starling is
in modus of self-defense and manages to kill Buffalo Bill, but somehow she felt
that she should thanks Dr. Lecter because he wasn’t just giving her the hints on
“Buffalo Bill” but also releasing her from her nightmare.
20
BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR
Thomas Harris was born in 1940, Jackson, Tennessee, United States of
America. At a very young age, he had to move with all of his family back to his
father’s hometown of Rich, Mississippi. He lived and school there until he went to
Waco, Texas to continue his study at Baylor University. From there he took
English major and also worked part-time as a reporter at the News Tribune at
night.
Harris’ love life is not as good as his works. He met a fellow student,
Harriet, married her, had one child, Anna, and in the end they got divorced in the
1960’s.
Harris’ career point started after his divorce. He started sending macabre
stories to magazines like True and Argosy. He graduated at 1964 and took a brief
period of time travelling Europe before finally working as a general-assignment
reporter for the Associated Press in 1968 – 1974.
Since his career time as a reporter, especially in the criminal world and
his great attention to detail, he started to write his first novel, Black Sunday
(1975), Red Dragon (1981), Silence of the Lambs (1988), Hannibal (1999), and
Hannibal Rising (2006). With these novels, the name of Thomas Harris is wellknown around the world as the best suspense novelist.
21
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Thomas Harris, the creator of the suspense novel entitled The Silence of
the Lambs, is known as one of the best suspense writers in the world. He succeeds
in creating spectacular works and makes it adaptable into a widescreen movie. In
his works, “…Harris places his clues and his carnage with precision” (Internet
Book List). The Silence of the Lambs can be considered as a detailed suspense
story. It is believed that all of Harris’ knowledge and skills that he earned from his
previous job as a reporter makes him succeed in entering the world of writings.
The Silence of the Lambs, one of Harris’ novels that receives positive
responses from the critics, is claimed as “one of the most gripping reads of the
year"(Internet Book List). In the story, Harris creates a protagonist, Clarice
Starling, who also appears on Harris’ other novel entitled Hannibal. The reason
why I choose to analyze Starling, the protagonist, in The Silence of the Lambs is
because in this book, the characterization of the protagonist is well-described by
the author. Harris gives the reader a closer look of what kind of mental strength
that Starling has. Throughout the novel, Starling has to fight for her
1
Maranatha Christian University
freedom from her nightmare, which is actually the trauma of her past childhood.
In the end, her uncommon relationship with Dr. Hannibal “The Cannibal” Lecter,
who helps her solve the case and releases her from her nightmare, makes her
become braver than she was before.
The portrayal of the protagonist, in this case is Starling, is the one that I
want to analyze thoroughly. It is because of the progress of the characterization
that she has makes her be classified as a round and dynamic character. By
definition, a round character means a complex literary character with fully developed
and dynamic traits. complex and undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to
surprise the reader. While dynamic character means a character that undergoes a
permanent change in outlook or character during the story. It also conveys what the
author wants to say by creating such portrayal of the protagonist in the novel.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. How is the protagonist portrayed in Harris’ The Silence of the Lambs?
2. What is the purpose of the author in portraying such protagonist in the
novel?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1. To show how the protagonist portrayed in Harris’ The Silence of the
Lambs.
2. To show the purpose of the author in portraying such protagonist in the
novel.
METHOD OF RESEARCH
To elaborate the writer’s analysis of The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas
Harris, the writer conducts the library research to analyze text in order to find the
2
Maranatha Christian University
entries that will be useful in the analysis. The writer also includes the use of the
Internet sources to help the writer find the materials that the writer needed.
ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS
The thesis consists of three chapters preceded by Acknowledgements,
Table of Content, and Abstract. Chapter One is the Introduction, consisting
Background of The Study, Statement of the Problem, Purpose of The Study,
Method of Research, Organization of The Thesis. Chapter Two is the Analysis of
the Portrayal of the Protagonist in Thomas Harris’ The Silence of the Lambs.
Chapter Three is the Conclusion and the last is Bibliography, and the Appendix,
which contains the Synopsis of The Silence of the Lambs, and Biography of
Thomas Harris.
3
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER THREE
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I will review the portrayal of the protagonist in the novel
and draw some conclusion. I find that Clarice Starling as the protagonist has
characteristics which affect all of her actions that she does and also the outcome
of her problem. She is a persistent woman. Her persistency helps her when
everybody would probably give up. She uses it to give her strength, and do not
stop until she solves the problem. For example, when Starling is decide to try with
everything she has to save Catherine Martin even though everything that she has
done is ruined, and Starling was on the edge of getting recycled for her study.
Then Clarice is also portrayed so intelligently that her colleagues not only
acknowledge it but also proves it by using her intelligence in solving the case and
saves Catherine Martin from becoming Jame Gumb’s victims. Starling proves it
when she is trying to find Jame Gumb’s motive in one of his victims. She sees
that there are quite clear patterns for her to see, especially when she finds out from
Dr. Lecter that actually Jame Gumb does not see woman as an ordinary man
15
Maranatha Christian University
usually does. His motive is finally revealed when Starling finds out that Jame
Gumb is a skilled sewer and a transvestite.
Impatience is one of Starling’s characteristics that do not change from the
beginning. Her impatience is seen as the negative characteristics, yet it helps her
in the progress of the characterization that she makes. For many times that she
looks impatient, especially when she finds a clue that can lead her to find the
killer. Yet in other perspective, we see that this negative characteristic is the one
that makes her always conscious and alert all the time. Being impatient
unconsciously helps her finish the tasks assigned to her and her life problem as
soon as possible, in which means she needs to rescue Catherine Martin before
Jame Gumb kills her.
Afterwards, Harris portrays Starling as a traumatic person. She is
traumatized by the incident of her father’s death. This characteristic is very crucial
in the progress of the story. Starling’s traumatic experience is the barrier that
holds her back from doing anything that she can accomplish in her life.
The purpose of the author in this story is to tell us especially as the readers
that we need to introspect ourselves and find our weaknesses, afterward accept it,
deal with it and in the end win over it. The author realizes that it is not easy to
deal with something if one is afraid of it. Yet, the author also conveys that one
should determine one’s own fate and realize that actually we already have what it
takes to deal our trauma. Since everyone’s trauma cannot be the same and
everyone’s characteristics are different, we just need to realize it and knows how
to use our ability in the right time, and right place. One will never be free if one
cannot face one’s biggest fear and win over it.
16
Maranatha Christian University
Besides that, I also find a unique fact that the author portrays Starling, as
the female major character, lives in a world with male-domination where woman
are seen as the weak and undependable. Nowadays, gender discrimination still
exists in the society. That is the reason why it is hard for a woman to survive in a
male dominated world. And yet, in the story even the weak one, as long as they
try hard to achieve something, they can reach their goals in life and everything.
Once again the author proves that anyone can make a difference as long as one
tries hard and uses our intelligence.
I see that such character as Clarice Starling also can be seen in our real life
because some people in the real life have experienced trauma. A trauma is not
something new to every human. I am sure we all have experienced a traumatic
experience. And yet, it is up to us to decide whether the trauma will last forever. It
can be a part of our lives which can makes us stronger or destroy us. In Starling’s
case, is all about losing someone that we love. Starling has experienced how her
father died, and how her mother left her, but she still managed to fight back and
released herself. For some people these experiences can be such devastating for
their lives. The fear of losing your loved ones is something that can be seen as a
trauma just like what Starling has had. It only has one solution, for we should face
what we are afraid of bravely, intelligently, and persistently until we win.
Based on the reasons above, I conclude that Thomas Harris is successful in
portraying the protagonist. The story becomes relevant and exciting to read,
because Starling was portrayed in such a way that the reader can understand how
she feels, what she thinks, and the most important thing give us some lessons of
life about how to handle your fear and trauma in the correct ways. It is not
17
Maranatha Christian University
surprising that The Silence of the Lambs becomes one of the best novels of the
century, especially in its genre, thriller novel. Starling can bring us the suspense in
every action that she makes.
18
Maranatha Christian University
Bibliography
Primary text:
Harris, Thomas. The Silence of the Lambs. London: Arrow Books, 1999.
Reference:
The Mississippi Writers Page. 2008. 5 Jan. 2008
< http://www.olemiss.edu/mwp/dir/harris_thomas/index.html>
Wikipedia.com. 2008. 5 Jan. 2008
< http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_%28novel%29>
The Official Website Thomas Harris. 2009. 5 Jan.2009.
Mississippi Writers and Musician. Jacobs, Nancy. 2009. 3 Sept. 2009
Wow Essays. 2008. 5 Jan. 2008
19
Maranatha Christian University