A GENRE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING A Genre Analysis Of The Difficulties In Writing Descriptive Text By The Students Of Class VIII SMP N 2 Kartasura In 2012/ 2013 Academic Year.
A GENRE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF CLASS VIII
SMP N 2 KARTASURA IN 2012/ 2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
RINI PUTRI INDRIYANI
A 320 090 088
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
APPROVAL
A GENRE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF CLASS VIII
SMP N 2 KARTASURA IN 2012/ 2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
by
RINI PUTRI INDRIYANI
A 320090088
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum.)
(Siti Fatimah, S. Pd, M. Hum.)
ii
ACCEPTANCE
A GENRE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF CLASS VIII
SMP N 2 KARTASURA IN 2012/ 2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
by
RINI PUTRI INDRIYANI
A 320 090 088
Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on February 28, 2013
iii
TESTIMONY
Here, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of university, nor there
are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or published by others, expect
those in which the writing are referred in manuscript and mentioned in literary review
and bibliography.
Hence, later if it is proved that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, hence I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, March 2013
Rini Putri Indriyani
iv
MOTTO
Sebuah pengorbanan dan kegagalan akan membawa kita kedalam kesuksesan.
(the writer)
“hai orang-orang yang beriman, jadikanlah sabar dan shalatmu Sebagai
penolongmu, sesungguhnya Allah beserta orang-orang yang sabar”.
(Al-Baqarah:153)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is greatly dedicated to:
Allah SWT,
My beloved Mom “Sri Suminem” and Dad “Sangat Harmanto”,
My lovely brother “Irwan Budi Irawan”,
My all families, and
My all lovely friends “D’cezky” and “Griya Sahira”.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdullilahirrabbil’ alamin, praise and thanks to Allah SWT, Lord of the
world so that the writer can finish the research paper. The writer is fully aware that
this research paper could not be finished without other people’s help. On this
opportunity, the writer would like to express her gratitude to those who have directly
or indirectly helped her finishing this research paper. Thus, the researcher will give
all immeasurable gratitude to:
1.
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si. as Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S. S, M. Hum. as Chief of English Department,
3.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum. as the first consultant who has patiently, sincerely
and wisely given advice and guidance to her from the beginning up to the
completion of this research paper,
4.
Siti Fatimah, S. Pd., M. Hum. as the second consultant who has patients, given
advice, and kindly additional idea, correction, help, and guidance,
vii
5.
Sutanto Widayat, S. Pd., as the headmaster of SMP N 2 Kartasura, for giving the
writer permission to have research in this institution,
6.
Suwarsih, S. Pd., as the English teacher of SMP N 2 Kartasura, who has helped
the writer in getting the data,
7.
Her beloved Mom “Sri Suminem” and Dad “Sangat Harmanto”, without your
love, patience and pray, I can’t finish the research paper,
8.
Her young brother (Irwan Budi Irawan), you’re my spirit to finish my research
paper, and
9.
Her best friends “D’cezky” and “Griya Sahira” (pego, mami, ila, adel, titi, rete,
jenx dy, dwex, momot, mbak irfa), thank you all, keep fighting!
The writer realized that this research paper is far from being perfect, so she
welcomes any criticism. Finally, she hopes these simple words will be useful for the
reader.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, March 2013
Rini Putri Indriyani
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
TITLE………………………………………………………………………..
i
APPROVAL…………………………………………………………………
ii
ACCEPTANCE……………………………………………………………..
iii
TESTIMONY……………………………………………………………….
iv
MOTTO……………………………………………………………………...
v
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………...
vi
ACKNOWLEDMENT………………………………………….................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………….......................
ix
LIST OF TABLE…………………………………………………………...
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES…………………………………………………..
xiii
SUMMARY………………………………………………………………..
xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………………..
1
A. Background of the Study……………………………….
1
B. Problem Statement………………………………………
4
C. Objective of the Study………………………………….
4
D. Benefit of the Study…………………………………….
5
E. Research Paper Organization……………………………
ix
6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………
7
A. Previous Study………………….……………………....
7
B. Notion of Genre…………………………………………
8
C. Type of Genre……………………………………...........
9
D. Descriptive Text………………………………………… 20
1. Notion of Descriptive Text……………………….…..
20
2. The Element of Descriptive Text……………………..
22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD…………………………………
24
A. Type of the Research……………...…………………….
24
B. Place and Time of the Research…………..……….........
24
C. Subject and Object of the Study……………………….
25
D. Data and Data Source………………………………….
25
E. Technique of Collecting Data………………………….
25
F. Technique for Analyzing Data…………………………
26
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION………….
28
A. Research Finding……………...………………………..
28
1. Difficulties Faced by the Students in Writing Descriptive
Text…………………………………………………….
29
a. Generic Structure……………………………………
29
x
b. Language Features….……………………………..
29
2. Solutions to the Students’ Problem in Writing Descriptive
Text…………………………………………………..
42
a. Solutions to the Students’ Problem in Arranging
Elements the Descriptive Text……………………..
46
b. Solutions to the Students’ Problem of Making Tenses
In Writing Descriptive Text………………………..
47
c. Solutions to the Students’ Problem of Composing
Sentence in Writing Descriptive Text……………… 48
d. Solutions to the Students’ Problem of Memorizing the
Vocabulary in Writing Descriptive Text…………… 49
e. Solutions to the Students’ Problem of Spelling Words
In Writing Descriptive Text………………………..
B. Discussion……………………………………………......
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……………………
50
50
57
A. Conclusion……………………………………………….
57
B. Suggestion……………………………………………….
59
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………….
61
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………... 63
xi
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 Difficulties Faced by the Students in Writing Descriptive Text……
51
Table 4.2 Solutions to the Students’ Problem in Writing Descriptive Text…..
53
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1:
a. List of the Students
b. Instrument of Interviews
Appendix 2: Data of the Students
xiii
A GENRE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF CLASS VIII SMP N 2
KARTASURA IN 2012/ 2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
Rini Puti Indriyani
A 320090088
SUMMARY
This research paper is aimed at (1) identifying the difficulties faced by the
students in writing descriptive text of class VIII SMP N 2 Kartasura in 2012/ 2013
academic year, (2) describing the solutions to the student’s problem in writing
descriptive text written by the student of class VIII SMP N 2 Kartasura in 2012/ 2013
academic year.
The object of this research is the descriptive text written by the students of
class VIII SMP N 2 Kartasura in 2012/ 2013 academic year. The methods of
collecting data in this research are as follows; document analysis and interview.
From the data of descriptive text written by the students of class VIII SMP
N 2 Kartasura, the writer can conclude the difficulties of the students in writing
descriptive text and the solutions to the students’ problem in writing descriptive text.
The difficulties of the students in writing descriptive text, are as follows:1) generic
structure, and 2) language features. Then, the English teacher give solutions to the
students’ problem, as follows: 1) solution to the students’ problem in arranging
elements of descriptive text, 2) solution to the students’ problem in making sentences
3) solution to the students’ problem in composing sentences, 4) solution to the
students’ problem of memorizing the vocabulary, and 5) solution to the students’
problem of spelling words in writing descriptive text.
Key words: descriptive text, difficulties in writing
Consultant II
(Siti Fatimah, S. Pd., M. Hum.)
Consultant I
(Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum.)
xiv
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF CLASS VIII
SMP N 2 KARTASURA IN 2012/ 2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
RINI PUTRI INDRIYANI
A 320 090 088
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
APPROVAL
A GENRE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF CLASS VIII
SMP N 2 KARTASURA IN 2012/ 2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
by
RINI PUTRI INDRIYANI
A 320090088
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum.)
(Siti Fatimah, S. Pd, M. Hum.)
ii
ACCEPTANCE
A GENRE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF CLASS VIII
SMP N 2 KARTASURA IN 2012/ 2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
by
RINI PUTRI INDRIYANI
A 320 090 088
Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on February 28, 2013
iii
TESTIMONY
Here, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of university, nor there
are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or published by others, expect
those in which the writing are referred in manuscript and mentioned in literary review
and bibliography.
Hence, later if it is proved that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, hence I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, March 2013
Rini Putri Indriyani
iv
MOTTO
Sebuah pengorbanan dan kegagalan akan membawa kita kedalam kesuksesan.
(the writer)
“hai orang-orang yang beriman, jadikanlah sabar dan shalatmu Sebagai
penolongmu, sesungguhnya Allah beserta orang-orang yang sabar”.
(Al-Baqarah:153)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is greatly dedicated to:
Allah SWT,
My beloved Mom “Sri Suminem” and Dad “Sangat Harmanto”,
My lovely brother “Irwan Budi Irawan”,
My all families, and
My all lovely friends “D’cezky” and “Griya Sahira”.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdullilahirrabbil’ alamin, praise and thanks to Allah SWT, Lord of the
world so that the writer can finish the research paper. The writer is fully aware that
this research paper could not be finished without other people’s help. On this
opportunity, the writer would like to express her gratitude to those who have directly
or indirectly helped her finishing this research paper. Thus, the researcher will give
all immeasurable gratitude to:
1.
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si. as Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S. S, M. Hum. as Chief of English Department,
3.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum. as the first consultant who has patiently, sincerely
and wisely given advice and guidance to her from the beginning up to the
completion of this research paper,
4.
Siti Fatimah, S. Pd., M. Hum. as the second consultant who has patients, given
advice, and kindly additional idea, correction, help, and guidance,
vii
5.
Sutanto Widayat, S. Pd., as the headmaster of SMP N 2 Kartasura, for giving the
writer permission to have research in this institution,
6.
Suwarsih, S. Pd., as the English teacher of SMP N 2 Kartasura, who has helped
the writer in getting the data,
7.
Her beloved Mom “Sri Suminem” and Dad “Sangat Harmanto”, without your
love, patience and pray, I can’t finish the research paper,
8.
Her young brother (Irwan Budi Irawan), you’re my spirit to finish my research
paper, and
9.
Her best friends “D’cezky” and “Griya Sahira” (pego, mami, ila, adel, titi, rete,
jenx dy, dwex, momot, mbak irfa), thank you all, keep fighting!
The writer realized that this research paper is far from being perfect, so she
welcomes any criticism. Finally, she hopes these simple words will be useful for the
reader.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, March 2013
Rini Putri Indriyani
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
TITLE………………………………………………………………………..
i
APPROVAL…………………………………………………………………
ii
ACCEPTANCE……………………………………………………………..
iii
TESTIMONY……………………………………………………………….
iv
MOTTO……………………………………………………………………...
v
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………...
vi
ACKNOWLEDMENT………………………………………….................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………….......................
ix
LIST OF TABLE…………………………………………………………...
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES…………………………………………………..
xiii
SUMMARY………………………………………………………………..
xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………………..
1
A. Background of the Study……………………………….
1
B. Problem Statement………………………………………
4
C. Objective of the Study………………………………….
4
D. Benefit of the Study…………………………………….
5
E. Research Paper Organization……………………………
ix
6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………
7
A. Previous Study………………….……………………....
7
B. Notion of Genre…………………………………………
8
C. Type of Genre……………………………………...........
9
D. Descriptive Text………………………………………… 20
1. Notion of Descriptive Text……………………….…..
20
2. The Element of Descriptive Text……………………..
22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD…………………………………
24
A. Type of the Research……………...…………………….
24
B. Place and Time of the Research…………..……….........
24
C. Subject and Object of the Study……………………….
25
D. Data and Data Source………………………………….
25
E. Technique of Collecting Data………………………….
25
F. Technique for Analyzing Data…………………………
26
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION………….
28
A. Research Finding……………...………………………..
28
1. Difficulties Faced by the Students in Writing Descriptive
Text…………………………………………………….
29
a. Generic Structure……………………………………
29
x
b. Language Features….……………………………..
29
2. Solutions to the Students’ Problem in Writing Descriptive
Text…………………………………………………..
42
a. Solutions to the Students’ Problem in Arranging
Elements the Descriptive Text……………………..
46
b. Solutions to the Students’ Problem of Making Tenses
In Writing Descriptive Text………………………..
47
c. Solutions to the Students’ Problem of Composing
Sentence in Writing Descriptive Text……………… 48
d. Solutions to the Students’ Problem of Memorizing the
Vocabulary in Writing Descriptive Text…………… 49
e. Solutions to the Students’ Problem of Spelling Words
In Writing Descriptive Text………………………..
B. Discussion……………………………………………......
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……………………
50
50
57
A. Conclusion……………………………………………….
57
B. Suggestion……………………………………………….
59
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………….
61
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………... 63
xi
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 Difficulties Faced by the Students in Writing Descriptive Text……
51
Table 4.2 Solutions to the Students’ Problem in Writing Descriptive Text…..
53
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1:
a. List of the Students
b. Instrument of Interviews
Appendix 2: Data of the Students
xiii
A GENRE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF CLASS VIII SMP N 2
KARTASURA IN 2012/ 2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
Rini Puti Indriyani
A 320090088
SUMMARY
This research paper is aimed at (1) identifying the difficulties faced by the
students in writing descriptive text of class VIII SMP N 2 Kartasura in 2012/ 2013
academic year, (2) describing the solutions to the student’s problem in writing
descriptive text written by the student of class VIII SMP N 2 Kartasura in 2012/ 2013
academic year.
The object of this research is the descriptive text written by the students of
class VIII SMP N 2 Kartasura in 2012/ 2013 academic year. The methods of
collecting data in this research are as follows; document analysis and interview.
From the data of descriptive text written by the students of class VIII SMP
N 2 Kartasura, the writer can conclude the difficulties of the students in writing
descriptive text and the solutions to the students’ problem in writing descriptive text.
The difficulties of the students in writing descriptive text, are as follows:1) generic
structure, and 2) language features. Then, the English teacher give solutions to the
students’ problem, as follows: 1) solution to the students’ problem in arranging
elements of descriptive text, 2) solution to the students’ problem in making sentences
3) solution to the students’ problem in composing sentences, 4) solution to the
students’ problem of memorizing the vocabulary, and 5) solution to the students’
problem of spelling words in writing descriptive text.
Key words: descriptive text, difficulties in writing
Consultant II
(Siti Fatimah, S. Pd., M. Hum.)
Consultant I
(Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum.)
xiv