LUCE’S AMBITION OF LOVE REFLECTED IN THE NOVEL FALLEN BY LAUREN KATE.

LUCE’S AMBITION OF LOVE REFLECTED IN THE NOVEL
FALLEN BY LAUREN KATE
THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Sarjana Degree at
English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic University
Of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:
Ulfi Kurnia Sari
Reg. Number: A03212068
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA

2016

LUCE’S AMBITION OF LOVE REFLECTED IN THE NOVEL FALLENBY
LAUREN KATE

THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree at
EnglishDepartment Faculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic University
Of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

The Advisor
Sufi Ikrima Sa’adah, M.Hum
NUP. 20160318

By:
Ulfi Kurnia Sari
Reg. Number A03212068

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
2016

ABSTRACT

Kurnia Sari, Ulfi. Luce’s Ambiton of Love Reflected In The Novel Fallen By Lauren

Kate. English Department.Faculty of Letters and Humanities.
States Islamic University SunanAmpel Surabaya. 2016

Advisor

: Sufi IkrimahSa’adah, M.Hum.

This thesis talks about Luce’s ambition of love in the story Fallen by Lauren Kate.
This thesis uses descriptive qualitative method to describe the character of Luce
depicted in the novel, how Luce reaches her ambition and what the psychological
effects of her ambition. The writer uses characterization analytical approach. That
analytical approach is used to analyze the character and characterization of Luce as
the main character in the novel. The analysis on Luce’s character serves as the
foundation to know Luce ambition. And the second theory is psychoanalysis by
Sigmund Freud to analyze how Luce’s psychological condition to reach his ambition
to get Daniel’s’s love. By doing psychological approach, the writer finds how id, ego,
and super ego emerge as conscious and unconscious process in Luce’ ambition.There
are several results of this research. The result of this study shows that Lucinda Price
as a major character in Fallen novel has an ambition to know about Daniel Grigori.
Luce meets with Daniel in sword & Cross school. The result of analyze is ambition of

Lucinda Price is to know more about Daniel Grigori Luce’s love one and she also has
big ambition to find out Daniel’s family background and to know if Daniel is her only
true love.
Key words

: Psychoanalysis, Ambition, Personality, Love

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INTISARI
Kurnia Sari, Ulfi. Luce’s Ambiton of Love Reflected In The Novel Fallen By Lauren
Kate. English Department.Faculty of Letters and Humanities.
States Islamic University SunanAmpel Surabaya. 2016
Advisor

: Sufi IkrimahSa’adah, M.Hum.

Tesis ini menceritakan tentang ambisi Luce dalam mendapatkat cintanya dalam novel
Fallen oleh Lauren Kate.Tesis ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk
menggambarkan karakter Luce digambarkan dalam novel, bagaimana Luce mencapai

ambisinya dan apa efek psikologis dari ambisinya. Penulis menggunakan teori dan
pendekatan analisis sebagai dasar penelitian ini. Yang pertama adalah pendekatan
analisis karakteristik. Bahwa pendekatan analisis digunakan untuk menganalisis
karakteristik karakter Luce sebagai tokoh utama dalam novel. Hal ini penting untuk
mengetahui dasar ambisi Luce. Dan yang kedua adalah psikoanalisis dengan teori
Sigmund Freud untuk menganalisis bagaimana kondisi psikologis Luce untuk
mencapai ambisinya untuk mendapatkan cinta Daniel ini. Dengan melakukan
pendekatan psikologis, penulis menemukan bagaimana id, ego, dan super ego muncul
proses seperti sadar dan bawah sadar.Ada beberapa hasil dari penelitian ini. hasil dari
penelitian ini adalah bahwa Lucinda Price adalah karaktr utama dalam novel Fallen.
Dia mempunyai ambisi untuk mngetahui tentang Daniel Grigori. Luce bertemu
dengan Daniel di sekolah Sword & Cross. Hasil analisis adalah ambisi Lucinda Price
untuk mengetahui lebih banyak tentang cinta Daniel Grigori hanya untuk Luce dan
dia juga memiliki ambisi besar untuk mengetahui latar belakang keluarga Daniel dan
untuk mengetahui apakah Daniel adalah satu-satu cinta sejatinya.

Kata kunci : Psikoanalisis, Ambisi, Kepribadian, Cinta

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TABLE OF CONTENS

INSIDE COVER PAGE ..................................................................................................... i
INSIDE TITLE PAGE ....................................................................................................... i
DECLARATION PAGE ................................................................................................... ii
MOTTO .............................................................................................................................. iii
DEDICATION PAGE ....................................................................................................... iv
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL PAGE .................................................................................... v
EXAMINER’S APPROVAL PAGE................................................................................ vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. viii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ x
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................................... xi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Of The Study ..................................................................................1
1.2 Statement Of The Problem ..................................................................................6
1.3 Objective Of The Study ......................................................................................6
1.4 Significance Of The Study ..................................................................................6

1.5 Scope And Limitation .........................................................................................7
1.6 Method Of The Study .........................................................................................7
1.7 Definition Of Key ............................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical Framework............................................................................................. 9

viii

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2.1.1 Analytical Approach ............................................................................................. 9
2.1.2 New
Criticism.......................................................................................................10
2.1.3 Character and Characterizaton.............................................................................. 11
2..1.4 Freudian Psychoanalysis...................................................................................... 14
2.2.1 The id .................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.1.2 The Ego.............................................................................................................. 17
2.2.1.3 The Super ego .................................................................................................... 18
2.2.2 Theory of Ambition .............................................................................................. 20

2.3 Review of Related Studies ....................................................................................... 23

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS
3.1. The ways Luce strive to achieve her ambition ................................................. 25
3.1.1 Luce tries finds archive about Daniel’s
family........................................25

3.1.2 Luce helped Penn to finds all about Daniel’s Grigori............................
33
3.2. Luce’s ambition effect on her personality .........................................................34
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 54
BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................ 56
SYNOPSIS OF THE STORY ..................................................................................... 58
BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR ............................................................................ 63

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of The Study
Literature is the expression of life in the world of truth and beauty; it is the
writer record of man’s spirit of the thought, emotion, and expression. Literature is
traditionally described as the body of writing that exist because of inherent
imaginative artistic qualities (Luken 3).
Besides, Literature has three general genres, they are drama, poetry, and prose.
The word ‘drama’ is derived from the Greek word ‘dran’ means ‘to do’ or ‘to act’.
Poetry is created in various forms and the classification is based either on
technique of writing or content. The word ‘prose’ is derived from the Latin prosa,
which literally translates to ‘straightforward’. Prose is the ordinary form of
written language. Prose is adopted for the discussion of facts and topical reading,
as it is often articulated in free form writing style. (Edgar V. Roberts 2).
Jacob classifies prose into two, fiction prose and nonfiction prose. Fiction,
originally meant anything made up or shaped, is prose stories based on the
author’s creation and imagination. It includes myths, parables, novels, romances,

and short stories. In the other hand, nonfiction is literary work which describe or
interpret facts, present judgments, and opinions. It consists of news reports,
essays, magazines, newspapers, encyclopedias, broadcast media, films, letters,
historical and biographical works and many other forms of communication.

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Mercies argues that novel is one of literary works which gives pleasure to the
reader. Novel can take the readers to a certain situation, place or periods that
occur in the story of novel. Through the series of events and conflicts experienced
by the characters, the readers seem to enter the character’s life in the novel. At the
end of the novel, the readers can discover meaning, messages or values which are
revealed in the novel, like what is said by (in Stanford’s 2). In Understanding the
Elements of Literature, Taylor explains that a novel is normally a prose work of
quite some length and complexity which attempts to

reflect and express

something of the equality or value of human experience or conduct. (46).
The word of ambition is usually interpreted as a strong desire to succeed by
any means, even by way of undue and we always sacrifice our friends and best
friend. This word has a meaning of deteriorating. Ambition itself comes to people
or us when they want to get something and we need that in our lives, so I will do
anything to get that. For example, I am a student in university and some of us
come from ordinary family, I saw our friends have blackberry and I as her/his
friend we want it too. So, I will try to get blackberry too. Although I get that thing
with our effort like save our money or we looking for a job, ect.
One of topics potrayed in novel is about ambition. In our lives, people have
ambition of anything. That ambition can be to get a boyfriend or girlfriend,
ambition to get a good value for the student, ambition to get a new car or
motorcycle, etc. Ambition connotes a striving to attain a station or goal that’s
beyond what seems to be coming to you. Ambition can also say the strong desire
to achieve something, includng love.

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According to Maslow (in Hjelle and Ziegler 452) there are two components
of love: Deficiency or D-love and Being or B-love. D love is based on a deficit
need. It is love out of a need for something we lack, such as self-esteem, sex, or
someone to keep us from being lonely. A relationship may satisfy our need for
comfort and security whatever it will going steady, living with another, or
marriage. B-love is based on valuing the other person as a person, as an end in
himself of herself, without any desire to change or to use that individual in any
way.
Lauren Kate is one of novelist whose work potrays ambition of love. Lauren
Kate is an internationally bestselling author of young adult fiction. Her books
have been translated into over thirty languages and include The Betrayal of
Natalie Hargrove and Fallen, which reached number 3 on The New York Times
Best Seller List for children's chapter books on January 8, 2010. As of
Wednesday, April 6, 2011, Fallen had spent one year and four months with brief
interruptions on the list.
This study intends to analyze one of Lauren Kate’s novel Fallen. Fallen is a
2009 young adult paranormal romance novel written by Lauren Kate. The novel
revolves around a young girl named Lucinda "Luce" Price who is sent to Sword &
Cross Reform School in Savannah, Georgia, after she is accused of murdering a
boy by starting a fire. At the reform school, she meets Daniel, a handsome boy
whom she feels inexplicably drawn to, and believes she has met before. The book
revolves mostly around the love triangle between Luce, Daniel, and Cam, who is
another boy enrolled at Sword and Cross.

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This thesis to discuss about the character of Lucinda Price. Lucinda Price as a
major character in Fallen novel has an ambition to know about Daniel Grigori.
Lucinda’s nick name meets Daniel in sword & Cross school. The result of their
meet Luce wants to know more about Daniel Grigori. The content of this novel is
Luce’s prespective on her story about Luce is falling in love with Daniel Grigori.
How she wants to know about Daniel Grigori how she tries to gets attention from
Daniel so that finally she gets Daniel’s love is one example that shows Luce’s
ambition.
Fallen is a young adult paranormal romance tells that Lucinda Price as a
major character in her novel has an ambition to get Daniel’s love and to know
more about Daniel. When she first enters Sword & Cross, she realizes how much
her life will change. There are cameras watching her every move and there is a
strict rule regarding cell phones. On her first day, she meets Arriane Alter, an
excitable and enigmatic girl who immediately takes a liking to Luce. She shows
her fondness by asking Luce to cut her hair just like Luce's, much to Luce's
dismay for she does not want to mess her hair up. Also on her first day at Sword
& Cross, Luce finds herself meeting the handsome Cam Briel and interestedto the
fascinating Daniel Grigori, who seems to have mixed feelings for her when he
smiles and then flips her off. During the first day, she also meets Penn, the
daughter of the deceased caretaker. Luce also makes enemies to an angry girl who
has multiplefacial piercings, Molly. She feels as if Daniel is familiar. Luce falls in
love with Daniel, and with the help of Penn and the librarian, she uncovers her
secret. She reincarnate severy life time after meeting Daniel, whom she also

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discovers is an angel, as well as many of the other school kids. There is an angel
fight at the end, where the librarian is found to be evil and murders Penn and tries
to kill Luce but Daniel saves her. Cam is actually a demon and fights against
Daniel in the battle to determine Luce’s life or death. Luce gets bad response
from Daniel, she thinks that Daniel hate her. It makes Luce want to know about
Daniel. Who he is, where he comes from, why Daniel hates her, what is Daniel
problem so he can comes to Sword &Cross,and many more and it makes Luce
falls in love to Daniel. Daniel does not tell Luce, because he doesn’t want Luce
died and Daniel waits 17 years to meet with Luce the girl who he loved. But Cam
is a demon. He wants Luce died and Daniel can’t live happily with Luce..
Moreover to help analyzing topic, the writer uses Freud’s theory of
psychoanalysis. The writer tends to focuse her analysis on how the id, ego, and
superego concept work on Luce’s ambition and to know the effect of her
ambition. This thesis also uses theory of ambition as a supporting theory to get
more understanding about Luce’s ambition.

1.2 Statement of The Problem
Based of the background of the study above, the writer formulates the
problems as follow:
1. In what ways does Luce strive to achieve her ambition?
2. How does Luce’s ambition effect her personality?

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1.3. Objectives of The Study
Based on the problem of study above, the aims of this paper are:
1. To know Luce’s effort to achieve her ambition.
2. To know the effect Luce’s ambition toward her personality.

1.4. Significance of The Study
The result of this study is expected to be useful in several ways. This study
gives significance for the researcher to understand and provides more knowledge
especially about Luce’s character about her ambition to get Daniel’s love.
Furthemore, the significance of this study is expected for the reader to get
knowledge about the literature and psychoanalysis. The witer hopes that this study
will help reader to know about the tripartite stucture id, ego, superego when it is
applied to analyze literature, especially for the student of English letter
department Adab faculty and Humanities of state Islamic University Sunan
Ampel.
1.5. Scope and Limitation
In order to prevent non-relevant discussion, the study is limited to the
novel Fallen, the first book of Fallen series. The study then focus on the
characters and characterization represented in the novel. To answer statement of
the problem stated above, Luce’s character and her ambition becomes the most
important point to analyze. In this study, the researcher focuses on the analysis of
ambition of Lucinda Price as one of main characters in Fallen novel based on
Psychoanalysis Theory.

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1.6. Method of The Study
This thesis uses qualitative method as a research design. Hancock shows in
his book:
Qualitative research is concerned with developing explanations of social
phenomena. That is to say, it aims to help us to understand the world in which we
live and why things are the way they are. Qualitative research is concerned with
finding the answer to question which begin with: why? How? In the way?
(Hancock 2)
Based on the statement, qualitative research is concerned with the opinions,
experiences and feeling of individuals producing subjective data.

In order to describe and analyze the topic, this thesis also uses the library
based study. It means that this thesis uses references such as: book and journal in
collecting the data. This thesis also uses information of some internet sources that
support the researcher study to improve the knowledge. This thesis evaluates,
interprets, and uses the data collected as the source of the topic. This thesis has
several steps to collect and analyze the data:

1. Reading the novel to get the complete and well understanding on the
whole story.
2. Find the data in novel to find the word that is related to problem of the
study.

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3. Selecting and collecting the data in form of narration and conversation
from the novel related to the problem.
4. Analyzing the data collected by firstly categorizing them into two points,
dealing with the statement of the problems. Then, each point is analyzed
using psychoanalysis theory, which refers to the objectives of the study.
5. Making conclusion based on the result of data analysis.

1.7 Definition of Key Term
Ambition

: eager or strong desires to achieve something, such as fame
or fortune, will to success, the object or goal desired
(Morris 217)

Love

: Love is most likely influenced by both biological drives
and cultural influences. While hormones and biology are
important, the way we express and experience this emotion
are influenced by our personal conceptions of love.

Psychoanalysis :

A study that skewed the ways in which the mind

expressesfeelings (Ryan 35)
Personality

: The characteristic and qualities of a person seen as a
whole (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary 863)

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

1.1. Theoritical Framework
To help the readers understanding this research, this chapter is designed to
explore the theoretical framework. This thesis focuses on the main character,
Lucinda Price. The theory baseds is Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, and
analytical approach through characterization and the concept of ambition. This
study uses New criticism Theory analytical approach which is used to help finding
out how each character in the story characterized. In addition, this thesis uses the
theory of ambition to support the analysis of Lucinda’s ambition and to get a fully
understanding to the novel Fallen.

2.2.1 Analytical Approach
2.1.1 New Criticism
Emphasizes explication, or "close reading," of "the work itself." It rejects
old historicism's attention to biographical and sociological matters. Instead, the
objective determination as to "how a piece works" can be found through close
focus and analysis, rather than through extraneous and erudite special knowledge.
It has long been the pervasive and standard approach to literature in college and
high school curricula. (Abrams 180-182).
New Criticism, incorporating Formalism, examines the relationships
between a text's ideas and its form, between what a text says and the way it says

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it. New Critics "may find tension, irony, or paradox in this relation, but they
usually resolve it into unity and coherence of meaning" (Biddle 100). New
Criticism attempts to be a science of literature, with a technical vocabulary, some
of which we all had to learn in junior high school English classes (third-person,
denoument, etc.). Working with patterns of sound, imagery, narrative structure,
point of view, and other techniques discernible on close reading of the text, they
seek to determine the function and appropriateness of these to the self-contained
work.
2.1.1.1 Character and Characterization
Diyani explains that character in a fiction can be conveniently classified as
major and minor, static and dinamic (54). A major character is an important
figure at the center of the story. Usually the distinction between major and minor
character is clear. However, there may be more that on character that dominate a
story.
Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs in Literature an Introduction to
Reading and Writing, simplified the differences between round character and flat
character. The writer concluded that round character is the main character that
plays many roles in the story of the novel that has dynamic quality or the capacity
for change and growth, and develop through the story line. While the flat
character is the minor character that has no change or static quality of
characterization in the story (Roberts 23).
Character is very important element in literary works such as novel, drama
or even poems. The personality of a character will lead the character to act such

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S a r i | 11

emotional, behavioral, and all the logical things that deals with the problems
which be faced by the character. Therefore, the character of the novel mostly has a
value of a human in real life. Just like what Roberts, states that:
“Characters are the person present in dramatics of narrative work,
who are interpreted by reader as being endo wed with the moral and
dispo sitional qualities that are expressed in what they say in the
dialogue and what they do in action.”(20)

Robert further explains that in a novel, the character can be defined as a
verbal representative of human being. Through the ir action, speech, description,
and commentary, the authors portrayed characters who are worth caring about
rooting for, an even loving, although there are also characters to be laughed,
dislike or even hated (131).
Character is an important element in the novel. Character is a form that the writer
creates to play some role in the story of the novel. Michael Meyer in his book The
Bedford Introduction to Literature Second Edition explained, “Character is
important in fictional work because a character helps to develop the plot.”(61).
“The novelist, unlike many of his colleagues, makes up a number
of wordmasses roughly describing himself (roughly: niceties shall
come later), gives them names and sex, assigns them plausible
gesture, and causes them to speak by the use of inverted commas,
and perhaps to behave consistently. These word-masses are his
characters. (Forster 54-55).”
Character is not only the person who does the action, but also the actors who
convey the message in the story. According to the quotation above, the writer of
the novel uses many ways to show his characters and makes some characterization

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of his characters. “The creation of images of these imaginary persons so credible
that they exist for the reader as real within the limits of the fiction is called
characterization” (Thrall 79).

Meanwhile,

Holman

explains

that

dealing

with

characterization,

Characterization is the creation of character of imaginary persons so that they
exist for the reader as real within the limits of the fiction (75). It means that
characterization is the author’s way and technique to make the readers understand
the personality and the image of a character in literary fiction. One can understand
the qualities of a character by interpreting what the author has written about him.
So, the ability to characterize the people of his imagination successfully is one of
primary attributes of a good novelist, dramatist, or short story writer (Holman 91).
In the characterizations, the authors apply several methods of delivery and
the nature of the character traits desired by the author in a story. To delivery, the
author has different method to characterize the character in fiction. As Holman
states that,
“There are three fundamental methods of characterization in
fiction: first, the explicit presentation by author of the character
through dir ect exposition, either in an introductory block or more
often piecemeal throughout the work, illustrated by action.
Second, the presentation of the character in action, with little or
no explicit comment by the author, in the expectation that the
reader will be able to deduce the attributes of the actor from the
action. And the third, the representation from within a character,
without comment on the character bythe author, of the impact of
action and emotions upon the character’s inner self, with the
expectation that the reader will come to a clear understanding of
the attributes of the character (75).”

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Of quotation above explained that there are three fundamental methods of
characterization in fiction such as : the explicit presentation by author of the
character through dir ect exposition, the presentation of the character in action,
with little or no explicit comment by the author, and , the representation from
within a character, without comment on the character by the author.

Characterization is the way how the writer of the novel presented the
character, how he/ she describes his/her character in the story. The good
presentation of the character in the novel shows us about the ability of the writer
successfully characterizes the character he/ she makes. Mostly the author uses
the characterization to help the reader know more easily about the character in
the novel.

2.2.2 Freudian Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is established by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). It is a theory
about the complexity of human mind which has strong impact toward human’s
act. Tyson (12) argues that:
“When we look at the world through a psychoanalysis lens, we see
that it is comprised of individual human beings, each with a
psychological history that begins in childhood experience in the
family and each with pattern of adolescent and adult behavior that
are the direct result of that early experience”.

Eagleton stated that psychoanalysis is not only a theory of the human
mind, but a practice for curing those who are considered mentally ill or disturbed

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S a r i | 14

(159). It means that according to Eagleton, psychoanalysis is not only explaining
about human mind theory, but also practice therapy to cure the mentally ill and
people with disorders of the soul. Such cures, for Freud, are not achieved just by
explaining to the patient what is wrong with him, revealing to him his
unconscious motivations (Eagleton 159). It means that to cure the patient who has
mentally ill or disorders of the soul; it is not only by explaining to patients what
was wrong with him, but also by revealing his unconscious motivations.
Freud also gives his opinion about practice therapy for mentally ill
people. Freud stated that in psychoanalytic treatment nothing happens but an
exchange of words between the patient and the physician (21). It means that in
psychoanalytic treatment, nothing happens, but the discussion between patient and
physician. The patient talks to physician, tells about their experiences. The
physician listens what is told by the patient and direct the patient thought. Freud
shows in his book:
The patient talks, tells of his past experiences and present impressions,
complains, and expresses his wishes and his emotions. The physician
listens, attempts to direct the patient’s though-processes, reminds him,
forces his attention in certain directions (21).

However, this study will mainly discuss about the emergence of ambition
which is portrayed by a character named Luce in Italic by Lauren Kate, Freud
established this concept to supports the earlier concepts of the structural models of
the psyche. Id is the original system of human characteristic. Ego is the
development of id to react toward the external world, while superego is the
crystalitation of norms and cultural values.

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The id
First of all is the id, Freud characterized the id as a reservoir of physic energy that
can be neither increased nor decreased. Althought it is not a place, it may be seen
metaphorically as a pool of instinctual biological drives present in every
individual at birth, so that the personality of a newborn baby is all id in (Hall 414).
In psychoanalytic theory, Id is home base for the instincts. Id constantlyis also the
reservoir of both sexual and aggressive drives and instincts. It constantly strives to
satisfy the wish impulses of the instincts by reducing tensions. The Id serves the
pleasure principle, since it’s sole function is to seek satisfaction of pleasurable
drives in (Feist 25).
Freud stated that, the id is not rational; it imagines, dreams, and invents
things to get us what we want (284). It means that the id is not rational; the id
imagine, dreams and created something to get what we want. Freud also stated
that, the id aims to satisfy our biological urges and drives. It includes feelings of
hunger, thirst, sex and other natural body desires aimed at deriving pleasure (284).
From this statement, this thesis concludes that the id aims to satisfy human
biological. Such as feeling of hunger, thirst, and other natural body desire that
aims to get pleasure.
Completely submerged in the unconscious, id according to Freud as cited
in Berger (86) is a basic instinct or it can be called animal instinct of human which
content of desires. In other word, id strives immediate satisfaction, id is inhabited
by selfish, sexual desire, destructive, barbaric emotions that constantly threaten to

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break loose and self defense action (Heller 90). Tyson (25) writes, “the id devoted
solely to the gratification of prohibited desires of all kinds-desire for power, for
sex, for amusement, for food-without an eye to consequences”. While Guerin,
Labor, Morgan, Reesman, and Willingham (130) state that “ The id is, in short,
the source of all our aggression and desires. It is lawless, asocial, and amoral. Its
function is to gratify our instinct for pleasure without regard for social convention,
legalethics, or moral restraint”.

The function of id according to Hall is to fulfill the primordial or initial
principle of life which Freud called pleasure principles (22). Freud as cited in Hall
also defines id as the primary source of psychic energy and theseat of instinct
(26). Everybody is born with all id, all of the primary process thinking which are
irrational, timeless, and sometimes immoral instinct. Works for pleasure
principles, id has single purpose to identify pleasures and pains in order to gain
the pleasure and avoid the pain. The entire process happen in the id belong to
unconscious mind, so that sometimes people cannot control when the id should
appear or disappear. There is no justification of good or bad in this stage because
id does not have any experiences toward external world. Id also does not consider
trueof false, norms, tradition and other people. In other words, id is the part of
humanunconscious mind which consists of basic or animal instinct of pleasure
and the feeling of unthreatened and it needs immediate satisfaction. For example,
when a person is starving, id forces the man to immediately fulfill the desire to
eat.

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The ego
The second is the Ego, it is a psychological aspect of personality and
emerges because of the orgasnism need to get in touch with the reality. The ego is
said to obey the reality principle, which requires that action be delayed until the
ego can determine whether something has existence in objective reality (34).
Ego is the well-organized of id (Fodor and Gaynor 76). Ego works based
on a rational reason; that is why ego is also called rational instinct, Ego can work
together with id to reach the same goals as what id wants, but in contrast ego also
can be the oppressor of the id’s goals. Gaining energy from the id, ego works
based on reality principles that aim to differ between fantasy and reality. Ego has
to be able to coordinate what id needs, superego, and also external world in order
to struggle for life.
The general function of ego is repressing the desire’s satisfaction until it
can be reached without any resistance from the superego and the external worlds.
When the id wants something that breaks norms, ego tries to mediate, always
operate with the aim of self- preservation. Brenner says, “The ego consists of
those function which have to do with the individual’s relation to his environment”
(Berger 85). In this stage all of the anxieties are located, since ego should be able
to balance between the demand of id and the social norms. As Fodor and Gaynor
argue that Ego should be able to manage and also find the best method with the
lowest risks to satisfy the needs considering the environment (Fodor and Gaynor
77). Whether Hall defines ego as the following:

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Ego is governed by the reality principle. The aim of reality principle is to
postpone the discharge of energy until the actual object that will satisfy the need
had been discovered or produced. The institution of the reality principle does not
mean that the pleasure principle is forsaken. It is only temporary suspended in the
interest of reality (27).
Continuing the example of starving man in the id’s explanation, while id
forces the man to immediately fulfill the needs of eat, ego takes action for getting
some foods by several alternatives such as hunting animals, asking for foods,
buying the foods after borrowing money, or stealing some foods. Alternatives
emerge a s the result of the strong desire to eat.

The superego
Superego is the last component of personality to be developed and
represents an internalized version of society’s norms and standards of behavior
(Hjelle and Ziegler 90).
Freud stated that the superego gives people feelings of pride when they
do something correct (the ego ideal) and feelings of guilt when they do something
they consider to be morally wrong (the conscience) (284). It means that the
superego is the part that will make people proud when we do the right things and
will make people disappointed when we do wrong morally things. So,
thesuperego is the part to consider something that we imagine and what we do.
Superego is established from the ego to function as the blue print of
moral values. Superego represents the ideal rather than the real, and it strives for

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perfection rather than for reality or pleasure (Hall 31). Superego can be said as
sublimation of characteristics of parent which also consist of the norms, rules,
traditional values, and the habit of family itself. Referring to Berger, superego
equals to what people says conscience (86).
Superego is divided into conscience and ego ideal. The word conscience
implies punishment of wrong behavior against the norms whether ego ideal is gift
for a good behavior and part of superego that tells people to be perfect. Following
the principle of conscience and ego ideal, superego aims to differ between right or
wrong and to force people of both obeying the ego ideal and fulfilling the needs
(Alwisol 20). As the barometer of good or bad, superego can be a barrier for ego
to satisfy the desire of id. Superego forces the ego to repress inappropriate id to
the unconscious mind. Referring to the previous example of starving man; when
the man finally gets the food from hunting or asking for the other people politely,
the ego works harmonically to balance the id and superego because the man is still
considering the conscience. Another case when the man steals some foods, the
ego chooses to fulfill the id by ignoring norms and social values. In this case id
works stronger than the superego.
From the statements above, this thesis concludes that the superego is the
moral part of the human personality. The superego judge good or bad, right or
wrong, should be or not, something done by the ego at the instigation of the id.
The theory of psychoanalysis is applied in this thesis to analyze the
character of Lucinda Price who has ambition to get Daniel’s love. Evenmore this

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thesis also uses theory of ambition as a supporting theory to get more
understanding about the ambition of Lucinda Price.

2.2.3 Theory of Ambition
Related to the analysis that is about ambition of the main characters, this
thesis uses theory of ambition in order to get more knowledge about what is
ambition and what people will do for achieving their ambition.
In Freudian theory, based on id ego and superego concept, the ambitionis
in the id structural. In the process of the id, ego, and superego to reach the
ambition, someone will go through the different process and different effect. The
first process, it will emerge the negative effect. In this case, the Id is more
dominant. When ego succumb or surrender too much power to the id and the
superego or to the outside world, there will be irregularities and irregular
condition (Berger 86). Otherwise, if the ego is more dominant it will cause a
positive effect. Ego functions to control and command the id and superego also
maintain the outside world base on the control of the ego (Berger 86). If the ego
can control the id and superego then harmony will be created and that's where the
positive ambition will appear.
Tatenhove states that ambition is energy, expressed in active behaviors
toward some purpose or aspiration (19). It means that ambition is energy of a
human being and expressed in the form of behavior in order to obtain their
purposes or their ideals. Unfortunately, Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychiatric,
along with Freud and Jung is regarded as a pioneer of psychology, stated that

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ambition is a natural desire to reach higher levels of completeness and fulfillment
in (Tatenhove 21). It means that ambition is a desire of every person to achieve
what they want or what they aspire to be a higher levels.
From the definitions of ambition above, the writer of this thesis
concludes that there are several characteristics of ambition, that are, there is a
purpose or ideals to be achieve, there is the effort from people who has ambition,
and ambition also is natural desires or owned by every people.
Someone is called to be ambitious when he or she has a strong desire to
achieve something in his or her life. One’s ambition can be wealth, power, luxury,
honor, security, prestige, or any personal satisfaction, or gratification (Fleet 102).
It means that someone can call to be ambitious people when they have a strong
desire in their life to achieve their desire. If someone has ambition, the ambition
will be wealth, power, privilege, or personal satisfaction for those who have
ambitions if they could achieve it.

Bahm stated that man’s ambition involves some feeling of satisfaction
and frustration (136). It is believed that an ambitious person will strive to achieve
his desired goals. If their goal can be fulfilled, they will be satisfied. However, if
they cannot reach their goal, they will be frustrated.

Actually having ambition is good, but if someone is too much obsessed
by their ambition, the ambition can make them unable to control themselves, and

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it becomes very dangerous. They will be slave of their own ambition, and their
way of thinking will be dominated by their ambition.

From the statements about ambition above, this thesis concludes that
ambition is the desire of every person to achieve what they want or what they
aspire, and they will apply their wishes in the form of behavior or business for
their purposes or ideals can be reached. Every person must have ambition in their
life, and they will make efforts so that their ambitions could be achieved, because
if their ambitions can be achieve will be wealth, power or personal satisfaction for
them. People who have ambitions are good, but if someone is too much processed
by their ambition, it is become very dangerous, because the ambition can make
unable to control them.

2.3 Review of Related Study
In writing this thesis, the writer reviews on the study that has been done
previously. The previous study is found from library of Petra University entitled
“A Study of Ambition Through The Main Characters in Maugham’s”, conducted
by Nona (1995). This study analyzes the ambition of Fred Blake and Captain
Nichols, a main characters of a novel by Maugham entitle The Narrow Corner.
This novel tells about the ambition of someone be rich. They are Fred Blake and
Captain Nichols. They can do anything even to kill each other to get the money
and to bring their ambition to reality. This study focuses on what the effects of
ambition of Fred Blake and Captain Nichols.

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The second previous study that inspired the writing in making this
thesis is a study about character and psychologycal aspects entitle The
Psychological Aspectsof Bigger’s character in Richard Wright’s. This study was
written by Khusnul Khotimah of State Institute For Islamic Studies Sunan Ampel
Surabaya in 2004.
This Psychological Aspect of Bigger’s character in Richard Wright’s
focuses on the analysis of psychological aspects of Bigger’s character through his
behavior. This study is basically literary research by using psychological
approach. This study is using the personality theories and literary theories. The
personality theories are Freudian psychoanalysis and the motivation of human
behavior. Meanwhile the literary theory that is used is theory of characterization
and conflict.

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CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS

This chapter contains data analysis which related to Luce and her
ambition. The writer divides this chapter into three parts as the answer of the
statement of the problems. The first part is discussion about the ways Luce strives
to achieve her ambition. The second part is the writer will try to discuss about the
effects of her ambition.

3.1. The ways Luce strives to achieve her ambition.
This part explains about the ways Luce strives to achive her ambition to
get something thet she wants. Luce is a girl who has big ambition. She has
ambition to know a handsome boy. He is the boy who has name Daniel. Luce
feels that she ever meets Daniel before. She wants to know more about Daniel
Grigori. Luce tries to look for Daniel’s story and family from her friend at Sword
& Cross:” It crossed Luce’s mind to ask her what the story was with Daniel, but
the complicated intensity of her interest in him was probably best kept to a needto-know basis. At least until she figured it out herself (70).”
3.1.1 Luce tries finds archive about Daniel’s family

Before Luce attend her first class, she encounters the boy who will occupy
her thoughts over the remaining four hundred pages of the novel. Daniel Grigori is
gorgeous, blond, tan and rebelling against the all black dress code with a red scarf

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S a r i | 25

around his neck. He captures Luce’s attention, but not just because of his looks.
She has the vague but nagging sensation that they have meet before, and an image
of them embracing flashes through her mind:
“That’s Daniel Grigori,” Arriane said, leaning in and reading her
mind “I can tell he’s attracted somebody’s attention.”
“Understatement,” Luce agreed, embarrassed when she realized
how she must have looked to Arriane.
“Yeah, well, if you like that sort of thing.”
“What’s not to like?” Luce said, unable to stop the words from
tumbling out.
“His, His friend there is Roland,” Arriane said, nodding in the
dreadlocked kid’s Direction. “He.s cool” The kind of guy who can
get his hands on things, ya know?. Not really, Luce thought, biting
her lip. “What kinds of things?”Arriane shrugged, using her
poached Swiss Army knife to saw off a fraying strand from a rip in
her black jeans. .Just things. Ask-and-you-shall-receive kind of
stuff.
“What about Daniel?” Luce asked. “What’s his story?”
“Oh, she doesn�