An Analysis of Translating Phrasal Verbs from “Fallen” by Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANLATING PHRASAL VERBS FROM “FALLEN” BY LAUREN KATE INTO “TERKUTUK” BY FANNY YUANITA
A THESIS
BY DHEA MEALITTZA REG. NO. 070705002
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013
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AUTHOR DECLARATION
I, DHEA MEALITTZA, declare that I am the sole author of this thesis except where reference is made in the text of this thesis. This thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgements in the main text of this thesis. This thesis has tertiary education.
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Date : July 13, 2012
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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name
: DHEA MEALITTZA
Title : An Analysis of Translating Phrasal verbs from “fallen” by Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita.
Qualification : S1/ Sarjana Sastra
Department : English
I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the librarian of Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara on understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under the law of the republic of Indonesia.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah,
First, I would like to give my best gratitude to the Almighty Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala for blessings and endowments in my life so I can finish this thesis.
I address my gratitude to the Dean of the Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, for giving all the students facilities to support their study. I am also grateful to Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS and Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum as the Head and the Secretary of English Department for their advice and encouragement during my study at the faculty.
I also would like to express my gratitude to Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS as my Supervisor and my Co. Supervisor Mister Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D. I am grateful for their helps, guidance, understanding, and contribution to my thesis.
And I would like to dedicate my gratitude to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum, as my Academic Supervisor for encouragement during my study in Department of English.
My lovely thanks is due to my beloved mom and also my motivator, Norita Lisya. I know you are struggle and pray for our family, you also sacrifice so many things to give me the best on my life, and now I can finish this thesis. I love you, mom. I also thank to my dear sister Dinda Anggrayni.
My gratitude is also addressed to my uncle Iman Sari S.E and his family who always love me, support me to accomplished this thesis, and let me live in his house to alleviating my expense life since I stand in this university. Also to my big family, thanks to everything them gave and would give to me, without them I am nothing and feels lonely. Thanks for your love.
I would like to say thank to my friends for supporting me to finish this Thesis. Although whose names cannot put in this Thesis, but you are always in my heart. Thanks a lot for everything that you have done for me.
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I also thanks for Uda Tumpal Pasaribu, who always ask me about what books I need to support me for finishing this Thesis, thanks to supporting and thanks to built my self-confidence to face the world.
Finally, I hope this thesis will always be beneficial for all readers. Medan, DHEA MEALITTZA Reg. No. 070705002
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ABSTRACK Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Translating Phrasal Verbs from “Fallen” By Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” By Fanny Yuanita. Skripsi ini menganalisis prosedur terjemahan yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan phrasal verbs pada novel Lauren Kate yang berjudul Fallen ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk ”oleh Fanny Yuanita. Data yang ada di indentifikasikan menurut teori prosedur penerjemahan dari Vinay dan Dalbernet (2000:84-93). Metode penerjemahan yang dimaksud adalah: peminjaman (borrowing), calque, terjemahan kata-perkata (literal translation), transposisi (transposition), modulasi (modulation), ekuivalen (equivalence), dan adaptasi (adaptation). Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, telah ditemukan 265 phrasal verbs yang diterjemahkan melalui prosedur penerjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet, dan prosedur yang paling dominan digunakan adalah prosedur penerjemahan ekuivalen (equivalence) sebanyak 123 phrasal verbs yaitu 46.41%. Kata kunnci: penerjemahan, prosedur penerjemahan, phrasal verbs.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR DECLARATION ..................................................................... i
COPYWRIGHT DECLARATION ............................................................ ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ........................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................ vi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study .................................. 1 1.2 Scope of the Study ............................................ 3 1.3 Problems of the Study ....................................... 4 1.4 Objective of the Study ...................................... 4 1.5 Significances of the Study ................................ 4
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Translation
2.1.1 Definition of Translation …………….5
2.1.2 Function of Translation ……………...6
2.1.3 Types of Translation …………………6
2.1.4 Process of Translation ……………….7
2.1.5 Method of Translation ……………….8
2.2 Phrasal Verbs
2.1.1 Definition of Phrasal Verbs ………….10
2.1.2 The Importance of Phrasal Verb …….12
2.1.3 Kinds of Phrasal Verb ……………….13
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2.1.4 Word order in Phrasal Verb …………13
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design ………………………………15
3.2 Source of Data ………………………………...15
3.3 Data Analyzing Method ………………………15
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Finding ……………………………..........17
4.2 Analysis ………………………………………..39
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusions ……………………………………….41
Suggestions ……………………………………….41
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………..43
APPENDINCES
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ABSTRACK Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Translating Phrasal Verbs from “Fallen” By Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” By Fanny Yuanita. Skripsi ini menganalisis prosedur terjemahan yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan phrasal verbs pada novel Lauren Kate yang berjudul Fallen ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk ”oleh Fanny Yuanita. Data yang ada di indentifikasikan menurut teori prosedur penerjemahan dari Vinay dan Dalbernet (2000:84-93). Metode penerjemahan yang dimaksud adalah: peminjaman (borrowing), calque, terjemahan kata-perkata (literal translation), transposisi (transposition), modulasi (modulation), ekuivalen (equivalence), dan adaptasi (adaptation). Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, telah ditemukan 265 phrasal verbs yang diterjemahkan melalui prosedur penerjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet, dan prosedur yang paling dominan digunakan adalah prosedur penerjemahan ekuivalen (equivalence) sebanyak 123 phrasal verbs yaitu 46.41%. Kata kunnci: penerjemahan, prosedur penerjemahan, phrasal verbs.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
There are thousands of languages amended and used in this world; each of them has differences and uniqueness. Language is a tool of communication for people daily life such as English as International language. In fact, English recommended as one of compulsory subject in every school and university.
We use language in order to communicate with others, to express our personal reactions to situation, to stimulate a response on someone else, and for the sake of thinking something out. Language may be as a means of conveying something that the user of the language wants to convey. In the wider sense, the word language is used as to cover any means used to convey emotion and thoughts (Robert, 15: 1952). Many people speak English and use it, along with its components and structures in their daily lives. However, the English phrasal verb is often found, but rarely used. Phrasal verb usually found when people doing translation process.
Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure, which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context (Larson, 1984: 3). Translation as a means to transfer equivalent message from source language to target language, so that communication of human keeps going on.
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. Owen (2006:1) describes the language as socially shared symbols. Those combinations of symbols and rules governed by some provisions and socially accepted conventions.
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Phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and a preposition, any of which are part of the syntax of the sentence, and so are complete semantic unit. Sentences may contain direct and indirect objects in addition to the phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs are particularly frequent in the English language. A phrasal verb often has a meaning which different from the original verb.
Based on its characteristics, people find difficulties to translate the phrasal verbs. In some cases, when translated into another language, either its meaning is changed or it is meaningless. This case may occur in the literary translated texts, such as in the translated novel. In this thesis, the writer analyzes the phrasal verbs found in Lauren Kate’s Fallen translated into Bahasa Indonesia Terkutuk by Fanny Yuanita.
This novel tells about Lucinda Price who is a seventeen-year-old girl from Georgia. She previously attended a private school in New Hampshire before the court ordered her be moved to a boarding school for troubled youth, after an incident which left her alive, but her boyfriend Trevor dead. When she first enters Sword & Cross, she realizes how much her life will change. There are cameras watching her every move and there is a strict rule regarding cell phones. On her first day, she meets Arriane Alter, an excitable and enigmatic girl who immediately takes a liking to Luce. She shows her fondness by asking Luce to cut her hair just like Luce's, much to Luce's dismay for she does not want to mess her hair up. Also on her first day at Sword & Cross, Luce finds herself meeting the handsome Cam Briel and interested to the fascinating Daniel Grigori, who seems to have mixed feelings for her when he smiles and then flips her off. During the first day, she also meets Penn, the daughter of the deceased caretaker. Luce also makes enemies to an angry girl who has multiple facial piercings, Molly. She feels as if Daniel is familiar. Luce falls in love with Daniel, and with the help of Penn and the librarian, she uncovers her secret - she reincarnates every lifetime after meeting Daniel, whom she also discovers is an angel, as well as many of the other school kids. There is an angel fight at the end, where the librarian is found to be evil and murders Penn and tries to kill Luce but Daniel saves her. Cam is actually a demon and fights against Daniel in the battle to determine Luce’s life or death.
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The reasons why the writer chose the topic of this thesis is because the writer likes to read novels especially novels that are now favored, both in terms of story and characterizations, after reading the novel the writer found in this novel there are many sentences that use phrasal verb. Phrasal verb is also frequently used in everyday language, also contained in the articles or other works of English literature. The second reason is, the writer observes an opportunity in the topic of phrasal verbs, the opportunity to reveal the translation process of phrasal verbs into Bahasa Indonesia.
In the translation of Lauren Kate’s Fallen, the writer finds some phrasal verbs, such as:
Source language (English): Wherever he ended up, it would be easier then being here. (Page 2) Target language (Bahasa Indonesia): Kemanapun ia pergi, akan lebih mudah daripada berada disini. (Page 11)
The translator translates ended up into pergi, it changes the sense of meaning totally, but in this case, the translator translates the phrasal verb by transitive expression of phrasal verb based on oblique meaning translation.
Based on the above case, writer feels that this subject can be a research topic in order to get some explanations and descriptions. Finally, the writer identifies procedures of translating, based on A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet (1986). The title of this thesis is AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATING PHARASAL VERBS FROM “FALLEN” BY LAUREN KATE INTO “TERKUTUK” BY FANNY YUANITA.
1.2 Problem of the study The problems of the analysis in the thesis are: 1. What are the procedures of translation used in translating phrasal verbs in Lauren Kate’s Fallen into Bahasa Indonesia Terkutuk by Fanny Yuanita?
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2. What is the most dominant procedure used in translating phrasal verb from “Fallen” by Lauren Kate to “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita?
1.3 Objective of the study The expected results of the discussion of this thesis are:
1. To figure out the procedures of translation found in translating phrasal verb in Lauren Kate’s Fallen into Bahasa Indonesia Terkutuk by Fanny Yuanita.
2. To determine the dominant procedure of translating phrasal verbs found in “Fallen” by Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita.
1.4 Scope of the study This study focuses on translation process of phrasal verb found in Lauren
Kate “Fallen” and its phrasal verb meaning in Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk”. In order to avoid excessively large discussions, writer decided to choose three of twenty chapters that exist in the novel become refrence in this thesis work. Three chapters were chosen because it has a number of phrasal verbs more than other chapters.
1.5 Significance of the study The significances of this study can be both theoretical and practical. It means,
the result of the study could be beneficial to increase knowledge about phrasal verb and can be applied in daily conversation.
Based on the statement above, this study has two major significances: 1. This thesis is expected to enrich the writer and reader’s knowledge about
phrasal verb and the formation of that phrasal verb. 2. This thesis is expected to be helpful for people especially students to
determine phrasal verb in daily conversation and they can understand what they have read and transform it in the form of writing.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Translation
2.1.1 Definition of Translation
Basically, the term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating) (Munday, 2001:5). Nevertheless, the definition of translation is not that simple. Further elaboration is needs to make it obvious. Many experts in translation theory define translation in different ways.
Catford (1965:20) states that translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).
Translations consist of changing from one state or form to another, to turn into one’s own or another’s language (The Merriam – Webster Dictionary, 1974).
Popovic (in McGuire, 1978:5), claims that’s “a translation is not a monistic composition, but an interpretation and conglomerate of two structures.”
A translation is not a monistic composition, but an interpenetration and conglomerate of two structures.
Hatim and Mason (1997:1), Translating… as an act of communication which attempts to relay, across cultural and linguistic boundaries, another act of communication (which may have been intended for different purpose and different readers/ listeners).
Levy as cited in Venuti (2000:148) explains two definition of translation based on the teleological and pragmatic point of view. From the teleological point of view, translation is a process of communication. The objective of translating is to impart the knowledge of the translator at any moment of his work (that is from the pragmatic point of view), translation is a decision process: a series of a certain
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number of consecutive situations imposing on the translator the necessity of choosing among a certain (and very often exactly definable) number of alternative.
2.1.1 Function of Translation Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication
situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure which, are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context. (Larson, 1984:3). It means that the function of translation as the bridge for human’s communication keep going on, especially in international communication.
Translation is attempted to be used to overcome barriers in international communication (Haugen, 2001:17). It means that translation be expected to overcome the problems of doing translation in international communication, it cause by the variety of language.
Nida (1981:2) states that translation means communication because it has three essential elements to form a process of communication. The three essential are source, message, and receptor, and these elements be found in all communication activities.
2.1.3 Types of Translation Jakobson (1959: 114) formulates categories of translation into three parts,
namely intralingual, interlingual and intersemiotic translation.
a. Intralingual translation (or ‘rewording’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means for other signs of the same language. It would occur, for example, when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or written.
b. Interlingual translation (or ‘translation proper’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language. It would occur if we translate a text
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from one language to another language to another language, such as English into Bahasa Indonesia. c. Intersemiotic translation (or ‘transmutation’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of a sign of non – verbal sign system. It would occur if written text were translated, for example, into music, film or painting.
Newmark (1995:45), distinguish several kinds of translation. They are: a. Word-for-word translation
This often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with the Target Text (TT) immediately below the Source Text (ST) words. The ST word - order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. Cultural words translated literally. The main use of word-forword translation is either to understand the mechanics of the source language or to construe a difficult text as a pre-translation process.
b. Literal Translation The ST grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TT equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context. As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problems to be solved.
2.1.4 Process of Translation The process of translation involves the translator changing an original text
(the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into target text (TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL).
Nida and Taber (1969:33) cited in Munday (2001:6) divide the process of translation into three stages: analyzing of the source language, transferring the message of the source language, and restructuring of the transferred message in the receptor language.
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A (Source Language)
B (Receptor Language)
(Analyzing)
(Restructuring)
X
(transferring)
Y
Nida’s three stages system of translation (Munday, 2001:6)
a. The analyzing stage is the process in which grammatical relationship and the meaning of words or its combination are analyzed.
b. The transferring stage is the process in which the analyzed material in stage 1 are transferred in the translator’s mind from source language into target language.
c. The restructuring stage is the process in which the writer re - write or reexpress the material in such a way that the translation product is readable and acceptable in terms of rules and style in the target language.
2.1.5 Method of Translation
There are two general translation method identified by Vinay and Dalbernet (2000:84-93): direct and oblique translation. The two methods comprise seven procedures of translation, of which direct translation covers: borrowing, calque and literal translation. Oblique translation covers: transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation.
I. Direct Translation a. Borrowing The Source Language (SL) word interpreted directly to the Target Language (TL). e.g.
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SL : durian TL : durian
; orangutan (Bahasa Indonesia) ; orangutan (English)
b. Calque
This is ‘a special kind of borrowing’ where the SL expression or
structure interpreted in a literal translation.
e.g.
SL : transceiver cable
; cell (English)
TL : kabel transceiver
; sel (Bahasa Indonesia)
c. Literal Translation
This is ‘word – for – word’ translation, which is describe as being
most common between language of the same family and culture.
e.g.
SL : I go to school every day
(English)
TL : Saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari (Bahasa Indonesia)
II. Oblique Translation
a. Transposition
This is a change of one part of speech for another without changing
the meaning of the message.
e.g.
SL : My hobby is writing
(English)
N
TL : Hobi saya adalah menulis (Bahasa Indonesia)
V
b. Modulation Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in the point of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or even transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL.
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e.g. SL : I broke my leg. TL : kaki saya patah.
(English) (Bahasa Indonesia)
c. Equivalence
It refers to cases where language describes the same situation by
different stylistic or structural means. It is particularly useful in
translating idioms and proverbs.
e.g.
SL : Luce looked after by Daniel.
(English)
TL : Luce diawasi oleh Daniel.
(Bahasa Indonesia)
d. Adaptation
It involves the changing the cultural reference when a situation the
source cultural does not exist in the target culture.
e.g.
SL : Luce will marry with Daniel
(English)
TL : Daniel akan menikahi Luce
(Bahasa Indonesia)
2.1 Phrasal Verbs 2.1.1 Definition of Phrasal Verbs
Every speaker direct or indirect, conscious or unconscious, do know or do not know, they using phrasal verbs for daily English. Phrasal verb is very important part of coloring English, they are used to give life and richness to the language. Phrasal verbs take the existing words, combine them in a new sense, and bring new expression.
The question, what the phrasal verb is? To give the exact understanding of phrasal verbs, the writer presents some definition of phrasal verb given by some linguists.
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Crowell (1964: 401), phrasal verb is combination of verb and a particle which together have a meaning different from the customary meaning of the two words.
Phrasal verbs are combinations of verb plus particle that regularly occur together (Wishon, Burks, 1980: 217)
Basically, the term phrasal verb refers to a verb and preposition which together have a special meaning (Azar, 1989:A26)
Phrasal verbs are lexical verbs which consist of more than just the verb word itself (Hallyday, 1994:207)
Trask (1997:169), Phrasal verbs: a verb consisting of a simple verb plus one or more particles, the meaning is no generally predictable from the meaning of the component part.
Phrasal verb is a verb consisting of a simple verb plus one or more particles, the meaning is no generally predictable from the meaning of the component part (Warriner, 1982:88)
Phrasal verbs are combination of verb plus particle that regularly occurs together (Biber, 1999:407)
Phrasal verb is combination of a verb and a particle, which together have a meaning different from the customary meaning of the two words (Crowell, 1964:401).
Phrasal verbs are traditional rather than logical. The meaning of a verb may be no clue to its meaning. We will notice that phrasal verbs are mostly become popular words. Often a particular phrasal verb may replace by a more learned word. Phrasal verb may categorize in various ways according to similarities or structure, image and content. They are uses by all classes of people and its common used in every daily life conversation, from upper until lower class of people.
In a simple way, it can be conclude that a phrasal verb is an expression that does not follow the normal pattern of the language or that has not a total meaning suggested by its separate words.
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2.1.2 The Importance of Phrasal Verb
There are three reasons why phrasal verbs are important:
a. Phrasal verbs are very common and widely used by English – speaking people, both in everyday speech and in writing. They are particularly common in the media – newspaper, magazine, novel, etc.
b. Phrasal verbs are often a single verb, usually of classical origin, corresponding to a phrasal verb.
e.g
give up
= abandon
call for
= demand
look into = investigate
burn down = destroy
miss out
= leave out
pick out
= select
watch out = careful
ring up
= telephone
c. Phrasal verbs are dynamic, that is, we are constantly inventing (make up) new ones and giving new meanings to old ones – slang and the conversation of young people are full of such things. e.g That man pays back the criminal (revenge the criminal). He staring at me (watch) Cam glance back from Gabb (turn head) It turns me on (excite me) You have to look him out (be careful)
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2.1.3 Kinds of Phrasal Verbs
There are two kinds of phrasal verbs: Separable and Inseparable phrasal verbs.
a. Separable phrasal verbs A noun or pronoun may come either between the verb and the preposition or after preposition. e.g. SL: I handed my paper in yesterday Noun/Pronoun I handed in my paper yesterday Noun/Pronoun TL: Saya menyerahkan tugas saya kemarin.
b. Nonseparable phrasal verbs A noun or pronoun must follow the preposition. e.g. SL: I ran into an old friend yesterday Noun/Pronoun TL: Saya tidak sengaja bertemu dengan teman lama saya semalam.
2.1.4 Word Order in Phrasal Verb
There are three words order in phrasal verbs: verb + preposition, verb + adverb + preposition, verb + adverb, and its combination become transitive (tr) or intransitive (intr):
1. Verb + Preposition a. Account for (tr) = give a good reason for
A treasurer must account for the money he spends.
He has behaved in the most extraordinary way; I cannot account for his actions at all.
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b. Close up (intr) = come nearer together If you children closed up a bit there’d room for another one on this seat.
2. Verb + Adverb a. Bear out (tr) = confirm This report bears out my theory. b. Close in (intr) = come nearer We have to out of here, the Lucifer close in.
3. Verb + Adverb + Preposition a. Look out on (tr) = seeing Look out on a massive mausoleum in the cemetery. b. Lead up to (intr) = introduce Teacher as the new student for lead up to his classmate.
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CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design In writing this thesis, writer uses library research and descriptive qualitative
method. Library research is used to find out the material on phrasal verbs, and books also used to find an explanation of the theories that used to obtain the research results. In addition, some information also found from the website to support or complete the collected theories.
Descriptive qualitative method used to describing and explaining the findings. Bungin (2001:290) “Penggunaan strategi deskriptif kualitatif dimulai dari analisis berbagai data yang terhimpun dari suatu penelitian, kemudian bergerak ke arah pembentukan kesimpulan kategoris atau cirri-ciri umum tertentu.”
3.2 Source of Data The data that analyzed are phrasal verbs. It gathered from Lauren Kate’s
novel entitled “Fallen” and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita. To find the samples, the writer uses random sampling. The random sampling is the best single way to obtain a representative sample (Guy,1987: ).
The selected samples obtained by determining the phrasal verbs inside all chapter s of the novel and then three chapters were chosen providing it contained more phrasal verbs than other, the three chapters are chapter two, chapter ten and chapter eighteen.
3.3 Data Analyzing Method There are some steps to collect and analyze the data, namely:
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1. Reading the English novel as the source text (ST) and then reading the Indonesian novel as the target text (TT).
2. Identifying the phrases included as phrasal verbs. 3. Strongly selecting the phrases related to phrasal verbs. 4. Determining the dominant chapters of the novel who had more phrasal verbs,
and choosing it as data. 5. Listing the phrases occurred as the finding data. 6. Identifying the equivalence between ST and TT. 7. Contrasting the phrases in ST and TT in order to figures out the procedures of
translation used. 8. Identifying the procedures of translation occurred. 9. Classifying the procedures of translation occurred. 10. Determining the dominant translation procedure occured.
In order to figure out the dominant procedure of translation occurred in the translation, this thesis is using a formula refers to Malo’s method of social research.
The formula of calculating the percentage of the procedures used is:
x/y x 100 % = N
X : Total frequency of the procedures of translation phrasal verbs. Y : Total of all data. N : The percentage of the procedures of translation
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CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS
4.1 FINDING
Description of data and its translation procedures:
No Source Text
Target Text
Procedure
1 Gabbe was shaking hands Gabbe menyalami gadis Adaptation
with the tongue-pierced dengan anting di lidah Adaptation
girl who’d been making yang tadi bercumbu
out with the tongue- dengan pemuda yang
pierced
guy lidahnya beranting diluar
outside.(Chapter 2, Page sana. (Chapter 2, Page 51,
43, Line 13)
Line 4)
2 Arriane flitted about the Arriane
menyelinap Adaptation
others, whispering things diantara murid-murid
Luce couldn’t make out, yang lain, membisikkan
(Chapter 2, Page 43, Line sesuatu yang tidak
19) dimengerti Luce, (Chapter
2, Page 51, Line 10)
3 He smirked, tugging on a Cam nyengir, menarik Equivalence
strand at the back of her helai rambut di tengkuk
neck. (Chapter 2, Page 43, Arriane. (Chapter 2, Page
Line 20)
51, Line 13)
4 He glance back at Arriane, Cam melirik Arriane. Equivalence
(Chapter 2, Page 44, Line (Chapter 2, Page 51, Line
7) 30)
5 An easy smile spread Senyum lepas terkembang Equivalence
across Cam’s face. pada wajah Cam. (Chapter
(Chapter 2, Page 44, Line 2, Page 52, Line 12)
23)
6 None of them had ever Mereka tidak pernah Modulation
pulled the desk next to her menarik mejanya begitu
even closer, plopped down dekat dengan meja Luce,
beside her, (Chapter 2, menjatuhkan diri didekat
Page 44, Line 28)
Luce, (Chapter 2, Page 52,
Line 17)
7 Cam reached into his Cam merogoh saku dan Equivalence
pocket and pulled out a mengeluarkan pick gitar Modulation
green guitar with the hijau bertuliskan angka
number 44 printed on it. 44. (Chapter 2, Page 52,
(Chapter 2, Page 445, Line Line 19)
2)
8 It was just her first day Hanya saja ini baru hari Equivalence
Universitas Sumatera Utara
here and she was still pertamanya di sini dan ia
figuring out the ropes. masih
meraba-raba
(Chapter 2, Page 45, Line keadaan. (Chapter 2, Page
16) 53, Line 5)
9 Keeping a look out for Menunggu
Daniel. Modulation
Daniel. (Chapter 2, Page (Chapter 2, Page 53, Line
45, Line 23)
12)
10 She look over at Cam, Ia menoleh ke arah Cam, Modulation
(Chapter 2, Page 46, Line (Chapter 2, Page 53, Line
5) 22)
11 Look out on a massive Dan pemandangan yang Equivalence
mausoleum in the bisa dilihat dari jendela itu
cemetery. (Chapter 2, hanya mausoleum besar di
Page 46, Line 18)
pekuburan. (Chapter 2,
Page 54, Line 5)
12 She looked down at her Ia menunduk menatap Modulation
schedule to check what jadwal untuk melihat
room it was in. (Chapter 2, pelajaran itu akan
Page 47, Line 3)
diadakan dikelas yang
mana. (Chapter 2, Page 54,
Line 18)
13 When Cam looked over at Ketika melihat kearahnya, Equivalence
her, he gave her a wink Luce memberikan kedipan
and a flirty little wave that dan lambaian yang
caused her whole body to menggoda menyebabkan
tense up. (Chapter 2, Page seluruh tubuh Luce tegang.
47, Line 11)
(Chapter 2, Page 54,
Line26
14 Who mentioned with her Yang mengisyaratkan Equivalence
chin for Luce to pick up dengan dagu kepada Luce
the paper plane. (Chapter untukk memungut pesawat
2, Page 47, Line 16)
kertas itu. (Chapter 2, Page
55, Line 3)
15 Already looking for the Sudah mencari-cari jalan Equivalence
exit? (Chapter 2, Page 47, keluar? (Chapter 2, Page
Line 25)
55, Line 5)
16 A closer look at the Dengan
hanya Modulation
syllabus was all it took memperhatikan silabus itu
forLuce to see that Arriane lebih teliti, Luce bisa
had been right about being melihat bahwa Arriane
in a hellhole: (Chapter 2, memang benar tentang
Page 48, Line 11)
lubang neraka ini:
(Chapter 2, Page 55, Line
24)
17 Luce would be scared to Luce ngeri untuk mencari Equivalence
find out. (Chapter 2, Page tahu. (Chapter 2, Page 56,
48, Line 20)
Line 3)
18 She glance back at Ia menoleh kembali kea Literal Transaltion
Arriane, who shook her rah Arriane, yang Adaptation
Universitas Sumatera Utara
head and gave her a you- menggeleng dan memutar
have-so-much-to-learn roll mata dengan gaya yang
of the eyes. (Chapter 2, mengatakan masih banyak
Page 49, Line 2)
yang harus Luce pelajari.
(Chapter 2, Page 56, Line
14)
19 She dared a glance down Ia memberanikan diri Literal Translation
at the open notebook on melirik ke bawah, kebuku
his desk and caught his catatan yang terbuka di
full name. (Chapter 2, meja Roland dan membaca
Page 49, Line 13)
nama lengkap cowo itu.
(Chapter 2, Page 56, Line
26)
20 Luce glance down at her Luce melirik jadwalnya. Modulation
schedule. (Chapter 2, Page (Chapter 2, Page 57, Line
50, Line12)
20)
21 As Arriane sputtered out a Ketika Arriane tergelak, Transposition
laugh, (Chapter 2, Page (Chapter 2, Page 57, Line
50, Line 15)
23)
22 She was glancing around Ia menyapu pandangan ke Equivalence
the tables, (Chapter 2, meja-meja, (Chapter 2,
Page 51, Line 7)
Page 58, Line 11)
23 Luce let out a long exhale. Luce menghembuskan Modulation
(Chapter 2, Page 51, Line nafas panjang. (Chapter 2,
18) Page 58, Line 22)
24 Arriane was cracking up, Arriane hanya bercanda, Adaptation
(Chapter 2, Page 51, Line (Chapter 2, Page 58, Line
22) 27)
25 “Shut up, he totally heard “Diam, pasti dia Equivalence
you,” (Chapter 2, Page 51, mendengarmu,” (Chapter
Line 25)
2, Page 58, Line 30)
26 She still didn’t understand Ia masih tidak mengerti Equivalence
where it came from, dari mana datangnya,
(Chapter 2, Page 52, Line (Chapter 2, Page 59, Line
3) 5)
27 She did not want to give Ia tidak mau memberikan Modulation
him any reason to flip her alasan bagi Daniel untuk
off a second time. mengacungkan
jari
(Chapter 2, Page 52, Line padanya lagi. (Chapter 2,
7) Page 59, Line 10)
28 He looked like someone Ia terlihat seperti orang Literal Translation
pretending to be intensely yang berpura-pura fokus Calque
focused on chewing his mengunyah
burger.
hamburger. (Chapter 2, (Chapter 2, Page 59, Line
Page 52, Line 12)
14)
29 Luce turned back to Luce berpaling lagi pada Equivalence
Arriane. (Chapter 2, Page Arriane. (Chapter 2, Page
52, Line 18)
59, Line 21)
30 “I’m going to chose not to “Aku memilih untuk tidak Equivalence
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take offense at that,” merasa
tersinggung
picking up a plastic tray dengan pertanyaan itu,”
and handing one to Luce. mengambil
nampan
(Chapter 2, Page 52, Line pelastik menyerahkan satu
20) pada Luce. (Chapter 2,
Page 59, Line 23)
31 “And I’m going to move “Dan aku akan Equivalence
on to explaining the fine meneruskan penjelasan
art of selecting a cafeteria tentang seni memilih
seat. (Chapter 2, Page 52, tempat duduk di kantin.
Line 22)
(Chapter 2, Page 59, Line
25)
32 Luce, look out!” (Chapter Luce, awas!” (Chapter 2, Equivalence
2, Page 52, Line 24)
Page 59, Line 28)
33 She reached out in front of Ia mengulurkan tangan ke Modulation
her for support, (Chapter depan untuk mencari
2, Page 53, Line 1)
pegangan, (Chapter 2,
Page 60, Line 2)
34 Luce looked up. (Chapter Luce mendongak. (Chapter Equivalence
2, Page 53, Line 7)
2, Page 60, Line 9)
35 She tried to get up, Ia mencoba berdiri, Equivalence
(Chapter 2, Page 53, Line (Chapter 2, Page 60, Line
13) 17)
36 Pain shot up her leg, Rasa sakit menjalar ke Modulation
(Chapter 2, Page 53, Line sepanjang
kakinya,
15) (Chapter 2, Page 60, Line
18)
37 She reached down to help Ia mengulurkan tangan ke Adaptation
Luce to her feet. (Chapter bawah untuk membantu
2, Page 53, Line 19)
Luce berdiri. (Chapter 2,
Page 60, Line 21)
38 Throw a fat punch that Melayangkan tinju keras Literal Translation
landed on Molly’s right yang mendarat di mata
eye. (Chapter 2, Page 54, kanan Molly. (Chapter 2,
Line 4)
Page 61, Line 4)
39 Her arms thrown up and Kedua
tangannya Equivalence
jerking in the air. (Chapter terangkat dan tersentak-
2, Page 54, Line 7)
sentak ke udara. (Chapter
2, Page 61, Line 8)
40 She reached out to catch Ia mengulurkan tangan Equivalence
Arriane just as she sank to untuk menangkap Arriane
the floor. (Chapter 2, Page tepat ketika gadis itu
54, Line 13)
terjatuh ke lantai. (Chapter
2, Page 61, Line 13)
41 “All right, break it up. “Baiklah,
hentikan. Equivalence
Break it up,” (Chapter 2, Hentikan,” (Chapter 2,
Page 54, Line 23)
Page 61, Line 23)
42 Was she really going to Apakah ia akan Equivalence
kick the crap out of menghabisi
Arriane Modulation
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Arriane with Randy sementara Randy sudah
standing right there? berdiri disana? (Chapter 2,
(Chapter 2, Page 55, Line Page 6, Line 30)
1)
43 She crouched down to Randy berjongkok di sisi Equivalence
where Arriane still lay in Arriane yang masih
Luce’s lap, (Chapter 2, tergeletak di pangkuan
Page 55, Line 11)
Luce, (Chapter 2, Page 62,
Line 10)
44 “Come on,” (Chapter 2, “Ayo,” (Chapter 2, Page Equivalence
Page 55, Line 17)
62, Line 16)
45 Turning back only once at Berpaling hanya satu kali Equivalence
the doorway to repeat her di ambang pintu untuk
orders for Luce and mengulang perintahnya
Molly. (Chapter 2, Page bagi Luce dan Molly.
55, Line 20)
(Chapter 2, Page 62, Line
19)
46 Reaching down to pick up Meraih ke bawah untuk Literal Translation
the plate of meat loaf that memungut piring berisi Equivalence
had slipped from her tray. daging giling yang
(Chapter 2, Page 55, Line tergelincir
dari
23) nampannya. (Chapter 2,
Page 62, Line 23)
47 She dangled it over Luce’s Gadis itu memegang Equivalence
head for a second, piring tadi diatas kepala
(Chapter 2, Page 55, Line Luce sedetik, (Chapter 2,
26) Page 62, Line 26)
48 “Priceless”, Molly said, “Tak ternilai”, kata Molly, Modulation
pulling out the tiniest mengeluarkan kamera
silver camera from the berwarna perak yang amat
back pocket of her black kecil dari saku belakang
jeans. (Chapter 2, Page 56, celana jeans hitamnya.
Line 4)
(Chapter 2, Page 62, Line
31)
49 Luce had though she had a Luce mengira punya Equivalence
chance at standing up and kesempatan untuk berdiri Modulation
just shaking off the dan menepiskan kejadian
incident-
literally. tadi – (Chapter 2, Page 63,
(Chapter 2, Page 56, Line Line 11)
14)
50 She longed to see her Ia sangat berharap bisa Modulation
battered old car there, to melihat mobil tuanya yang Modulation
sink into the frying cloth reot ada disana, me
seat, rev the engine, crank mbenamkan diri di jok
up the stereo, and peel the yang
robek
,
hell out of this place. menghidupkan mesin,
(Chapter 2, Page 56, Line menyalakan radio keras-
28) keras, dan kabur sejauh
mungkin dari tempat ini.
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(Chapter 2, Page 63, Line
25)
51 She dropped her face into Ia
membenamkan Equivalence
her hands, knowing she wajahnya di telapak Literal Translation
had to go back. (Chapter tangan, menyadari ia
2, Page 57, Line 12)
harus masuk kembali.
(Chapter 2, Page 64, Line
7)
52 But her face crumple up at Tapi wajahnya berkerut Equivalence
the sight of Luce. (Chapter melihat Luce. (Chapter 2,
2, Page 57, Line 20)
Page 64, Line 18)
53 Gabbe asked, holding up a Tanya Gabbe, mengangkat Equivalence
pastel blue cosmetics case. tas kosmetik biru pastel.
(Chapter 2, Page 58, Line (Chapter 2, Page 64, Line
2) 28)
54 Without looking at herself Tampa melihat dirinya Equivalence
in the mirror, (Chapter 2, pada cermin, (Chapter 2,
Page 58, Line 5)
Page 64, Line 32)
55 “Come on,” she said, “Ayo,” katanya, menarik Equivalence
pulling over a beat-up kursi lipat butut. (Chapter Modulation
folding chair. (Chapter 2, 2, Page 65, Line 30)
Page 59, Line 7)
56 Looking down at her black Menunduk menatap baju Literal Translation
sweater and pulling it over hangat hitamnya dan Literal Translation
her head to expose an menariknya ke atas kepala,
identical black sweater memperlihatkan
baju
underneath. (Chapter 2, hangat yang sama persis
Page 59, Line 17)
dibaliknya. (Chapter 2,
Page 66, Line 12)
57 Even though she would walaupun sekarang akan Equivalence
have done just about melakukan apa saja agar
anything right then to get bisa keluar dari lapisan
out of the meat cloak she daging yang sekarang
was wearing. (Chapter 2, dikenakannya ini. (Chapter
Page 59, Line 25)
2, Page 66, Line 20)
58 I won’t oppress your ears Aku takkan merusak Modulation
with some of the cruder telinga mu dengan
nicknames they’ve come menyebutkan beberapa
up with.” (Chapter 2, Page julukan lebih kejam yang
60, Line 13)
mereka berikan.” (Chapter
2, Page 67, Line 8)
59 She stuck out her hand. Ia mengulurkan tangan. Adaptation
(Chapter 2, Page 60, Line (Chapter 2, Page 67, Line
23) 19)
60 Penn took over running Penn menyalakan air. Equivalence
the water. (Chapter 2, (Chapter 2, Page 68, Line
Page 61, Line 13)
6)
61 Penn trailed off. (Chapter Penn tidak meneruskan. Modulation
2, Page 61, Line 27)
(Chapter 2, Page 68, Line
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22)
62 She was eager to stay on Ia sangat ingin tetap Equivalence
this girl’s good side and berada di sisi baik cewek Equivalence
wanted to put out the be- ini dan lebih ingin
my-friend vibe way more memancarkan
sinyal
than she wanted to seem berteman
daripada
like she actually cared; kelihatan peduli dengan
(Chapter 2, Page 62, Line seberapa sering rumput di
7) halaman Sword & Cross
dipangkas; (Chapter 2,
Page 68, Line 31)
63 “It wouldn’t be Monday if “Bukan hari senin Equivalence
Arriane didn’t get carted namanya jika Arriane
off to the nurse after a fit.” tidak digotong ke ruang
(Chapter 2, Page 63, Line kesehatan
setelah
10) serangan sawan,” (Page
69, Line 32)
64 Luce Gawked at her. Luce ternganga. (Chapter Transposition
(Chapter 2, Page 64, Line 2, Page 70, Line 27)
8)
65 “What are you waiting “Apa lagi yang kau Equivalence
for?” (Chapter 10, Page tunggu?” (Chapter 10,
196, Line 1)
Page 197, Line 1)
66 “Let’s go.” (Chapter 10, “Ayo.” (Chapter 10, Page Modulation
Page 197, Line 2)
197, Line 2)
67 She tugged on Luce’s Ia menarik tangan Luce. Equivalence
hand. (Chapter 10, Page (Chapter 10, Page 197,
196, Line 2)
Line 2)
68 She took in Luce’s blank Penn
memperhatikan Modulation
expression. (Chapter 10, ekspresi kosong Luce.
Page 196, Line 9)
(Chapter 10, Page 197,
Line 9)
69 Cam said, lifting the notes Kata Cam, menarik pesan- Modulation
back out of Penn’s hand pesan itu dari tangan Penn
and delivering them, dan menyerahkannya,
(Chapter 10, Page 197, (Chapter 10, Page 198,
Line 18)
Line 9)
70 “I was only looking out “Aku hanya melindungi Equivalence
for you best interests. mu.” (Chapter 10, Page
(Chapter 10, Page 197, 198, Line 10)
Line 20)
71 Penn nudged around Penn mengintip dari balik Modulation
Luce’s shoulder so she bahu Luce supaya bisa Equivalence
could get a look. (Chapter melihat juga. (Chapter 10,
10, Page 197, Line 28) Page 198, Line 18)
72 Luce looked up at him. Luce mendongak kearah Modulation
(Chapter 10, Page 198, Cam. (Chapter 10, Page
Line 4)
198, Line 23)
73 “I need your help setting “Aku butuh bantuan mu Equivalence
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up,” (Chapter 10, Page untuk penataan,” (Chapter
198, Line 24)
10, Page 199, Line 15)
74 Or should she take Cam Atau haruskah ia Modulation
up on his offer? (Chapter menerima ajakan Cam?
10, Page 199, Line 12) (Chapter 10, Page 199,
Line 30)
75 A rumor had flown around Baru kemarin ada gossip Modulation
the classroom when Jules dikelas ketika Jules dan
and Philip, the tongue- Philip, pasangan dengan
pierced couple, didn’t lidah beranting, tidak
show up for Miss Sophia’s muncul dikelas Miss
class. (Chapter 10, Page Sophia. (Chapter 10, Page
199, Line 15)
200, Line 2)
76 Luce swallowed, looking Luce menelan ludah, Equivalence
up at Cam. (Chapter 10, mendongak kearah Cam.
Page 199, Line 26)
(Chapter 10, Page 200,
Line 14)
77 Cam looked at Penn like Cam menatap Penn seakan Equivalence
his trying to figure out berusaha menebak dari Equivalence
where she’d come from all mana gadis itu tiba-tiba Equivalence
of a sudden. (Chapter 10, muncul. (Chapter 10, Page
Page 200, Line 7)
200, Line 23)
78 “If you’d ever get around “Jika kau membaca pesan- Modulation
to reading my recent pesan ku yang terakhir,
correspondence, you’d see kau akan tahu mengapa
why we have more kita mempunyai hal lain
important things on our yang lebih penting.(
plate.” (Chapter 10, Page Chapter 10, Page 201, Line
201, Line 4)
19)
79 Luce looked up at her. Luce mendongak menatap Equivalence
(Chapter 10, Page 202, Penn. (Chapter 10, Page
Line 12)
202, Line 22)
80 “They do. I can’t figure it “Memang. Aku juga belum Modulation
out, either.” (Chapter 10, bisa
menemukan
Page 202, Line 15)
alasannya.” (Chapter 10,
Page 202, Line 25)
81 Even though you showed Walaupun kau tiba Modulation
up at the same time as bersamaan dengan murid
those other kids, (Chapter yag lain, (Chapter 10, Page
10, Page 202, Line 16) 202, Line 19)
82 “But when Arriane Molly, “Tapi ketika Arriane, Modulation
and Daniel showed up, Molly dan Daniel muncul,
they already knew each mereka sudah saling
other. I think they are mengenal. Kurasa mereka
came from the same berasal dari lingkungan
halfway house in L.A.” yang sama di L.A.”
(Chapter 10, Page 202, (Chapter 10, Page 203,
Line 24)
A THESIS
BY DHEA MEALITTZA REG. NO. 070705002
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR DECLARATION
I, DHEA MEALITTZA, declare that I am the sole author of this thesis except where reference is made in the text of this thesis. This thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgements in the main text of this thesis. This thesis has tertiary education.
Signed
:
Date : July 13, 2012
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name
: DHEA MEALITTZA
Title : An Analysis of Translating Phrasal verbs from “fallen” by Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita.
Qualification : S1/ Sarjana Sastra
Department : English
I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the librarian of Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara on understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under the law of the republic of Indonesia.
Signed
:
Date :
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah,
First, I would like to give my best gratitude to the Almighty Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala for blessings and endowments in my life so I can finish this thesis.
I address my gratitude to the Dean of the Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, for giving all the students facilities to support their study. I am also grateful to Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS and Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum as the Head and the Secretary of English Department for their advice and encouragement during my study at the faculty.
I also would like to express my gratitude to Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS as my Supervisor and my Co. Supervisor Mister Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D. I am grateful for their helps, guidance, understanding, and contribution to my thesis.
And I would like to dedicate my gratitude to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum, as my Academic Supervisor for encouragement during my study in Department of English.
My lovely thanks is due to my beloved mom and also my motivator, Norita Lisya. I know you are struggle and pray for our family, you also sacrifice so many things to give me the best on my life, and now I can finish this thesis. I love you, mom. I also thank to my dear sister Dinda Anggrayni.
My gratitude is also addressed to my uncle Iman Sari S.E and his family who always love me, support me to accomplished this thesis, and let me live in his house to alleviating my expense life since I stand in this university. Also to my big family, thanks to everything them gave and would give to me, without them I am nothing and feels lonely. Thanks for your love.
I would like to say thank to my friends for supporting me to finish this Thesis. Although whose names cannot put in this Thesis, but you are always in my heart. Thanks a lot for everything that you have done for me.
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I also thanks for Uda Tumpal Pasaribu, who always ask me about what books I need to support me for finishing this Thesis, thanks to supporting and thanks to built my self-confidence to face the world.
Finally, I hope this thesis will always be beneficial for all readers. Medan, DHEA MEALITTZA Reg. No. 070705002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACK Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Translating Phrasal Verbs from “Fallen” By Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” By Fanny Yuanita. Skripsi ini menganalisis prosedur terjemahan yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan phrasal verbs pada novel Lauren Kate yang berjudul Fallen ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk ”oleh Fanny Yuanita. Data yang ada di indentifikasikan menurut teori prosedur penerjemahan dari Vinay dan Dalbernet (2000:84-93). Metode penerjemahan yang dimaksud adalah: peminjaman (borrowing), calque, terjemahan kata-perkata (literal translation), transposisi (transposition), modulasi (modulation), ekuivalen (equivalence), dan adaptasi (adaptation). Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, telah ditemukan 265 phrasal verbs yang diterjemahkan melalui prosedur penerjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet, dan prosedur yang paling dominan digunakan adalah prosedur penerjemahan ekuivalen (equivalence) sebanyak 123 phrasal verbs yaitu 46.41%. Kata kunnci: penerjemahan, prosedur penerjemahan, phrasal verbs.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR DECLARATION ..................................................................... i
COPYWRIGHT DECLARATION ............................................................ ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ........................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................. v
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................ vi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study .................................. 1 1.2 Scope of the Study ............................................ 3 1.3 Problems of the Study ....................................... 4 1.4 Objective of the Study ...................................... 4 1.5 Significances of the Study ................................ 4
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Translation
2.1.1 Definition of Translation …………….5
2.1.2 Function of Translation ……………...6
2.1.3 Types of Translation …………………6
2.1.4 Process of Translation ……………….7
2.1.5 Method of Translation ……………….8
2.2 Phrasal Verbs
2.1.1 Definition of Phrasal Verbs ………….10
2.1.2 The Importance of Phrasal Verb …….12
2.1.3 Kinds of Phrasal Verb ……………….13
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2.1.4 Word order in Phrasal Verb …………13
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design ………………………………15
3.2 Source of Data ………………………………...15
3.3 Data Analyzing Method ………………………15
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Finding ……………………………..........17
4.2 Analysis ………………………………………..39
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusions ……………………………………….41
Suggestions ……………………………………….41
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………..43
APPENDINCES
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ABSTRACK Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Translating Phrasal Verbs from “Fallen” By Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” By Fanny Yuanita. Skripsi ini menganalisis prosedur terjemahan yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan phrasal verbs pada novel Lauren Kate yang berjudul Fallen ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk ”oleh Fanny Yuanita. Data yang ada di indentifikasikan menurut teori prosedur penerjemahan dari Vinay dan Dalbernet (2000:84-93). Metode penerjemahan yang dimaksud adalah: peminjaman (borrowing), calque, terjemahan kata-perkata (literal translation), transposisi (transposition), modulasi (modulation), ekuivalen (equivalence), dan adaptasi (adaptation). Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, telah ditemukan 265 phrasal verbs yang diterjemahkan melalui prosedur penerjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet, dan prosedur yang paling dominan digunakan adalah prosedur penerjemahan ekuivalen (equivalence) sebanyak 123 phrasal verbs yaitu 46.41%. Kata kunnci: penerjemahan, prosedur penerjemahan, phrasal verbs.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
There are thousands of languages amended and used in this world; each of them has differences and uniqueness. Language is a tool of communication for people daily life such as English as International language. In fact, English recommended as one of compulsory subject in every school and university.
We use language in order to communicate with others, to express our personal reactions to situation, to stimulate a response on someone else, and for the sake of thinking something out. Language may be as a means of conveying something that the user of the language wants to convey. In the wider sense, the word language is used as to cover any means used to convey emotion and thoughts (Robert, 15: 1952). Many people speak English and use it, along with its components and structures in their daily lives. However, the English phrasal verb is often found, but rarely used. Phrasal verb usually found when people doing translation process.
Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure, which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context (Larson, 1984: 3). Translation as a means to transfer equivalent message from source language to target language, so that communication of human keeps going on.
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. Owen (2006:1) describes the language as socially shared symbols. Those combinations of symbols and rules governed by some provisions and socially accepted conventions.
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Phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and a preposition, any of which are part of the syntax of the sentence, and so are complete semantic unit. Sentences may contain direct and indirect objects in addition to the phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs are particularly frequent in the English language. A phrasal verb often has a meaning which different from the original verb.
Based on its characteristics, people find difficulties to translate the phrasal verbs. In some cases, when translated into another language, either its meaning is changed or it is meaningless. This case may occur in the literary translated texts, such as in the translated novel. In this thesis, the writer analyzes the phrasal verbs found in Lauren Kate’s Fallen translated into Bahasa Indonesia Terkutuk by Fanny Yuanita.
This novel tells about Lucinda Price who is a seventeen-year-old girl from Georgia. She previously attended a private school in New Hampshire before the court ordered her be moved to a boarding school for troubled youth, after an incident which left her alive, but her boyfriend Trevor dead. When she first enters Sword & Cross, she realizes how much her life will change. There are cameras watching her every move and there is a strict rule regarding cell phones. On her first day, she meets Arriane Alter, an excitable and enigmatic girl who immediately takes a liking to Luce. She shows her fondness by asking Luce to cut her hair just like Luce's, much to Luce's dismay for she does not want to mess her hair up. Also on her first day at Sword & Cross, Luce finds herself meeting the handsome Cam Briel and interested to the fascinating Daniel Grigori, who seems to have mixed feelings for her when he smiles and then flips her off. During the first day, she also meets Penn, the daughter of the deceased caretaker. Luce also makes enemies to an angry girl who has multiple facial piercings, Molly. She feels as if Daniel is familiar. Luce falls in love with Daniel, and with the help of Penn and the librarian, she uncovers her secret - she reincarnates every lifetime after meeting Daniel, whom she also discovers is an angel, as well as many of the other school kids. There is an angel fight at the end, where the librarian is found to be evil and murders Penn and tries to kill Luce but Daniel saves her. Cam is actually a demon and fights against Daniel in the battle to determine Luce’s life or death.
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The reasons why the writer chose the topic of this thesis is because the writer likes to read novels especially novels that are now favored, both in terms of story and characterizations, after reading the novel the writer found in this novel there are many sentences that use phrasal verb. Phrasal verb is also frequently used in everyday language, also contained in the articles or other works of English literature. The second reason is, the writer observes an opportunity in the topic of phrasal verbs, the opportunity to reveal the translation process of phrasal verbs into Bahasa Indonesia.
In the translation of Lauren Kate’s Fallen, the writer finds some phrasal verbs, such as:
Source language (English): Wherever he ended up, it would be easier then being here. (Page 2) Target language (Bahasa Indonesia): Kemanapun ia pergi, akan lebih mudah daripada berada disini. (Page 11)
The translator translates ended up into pergi, it changes the sense of meaning totally, but in this case, the translator translates the phrasal verb by transitive expression of phrasal verb based on oblique meaning translation.
Based on the above case, writer feels that this subject can be a research topic in order to get some explanations and descriptions. Finally, the writer identifies procedures of translating, based on A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet (1986). The title of this thesis is AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATING PHARASAL VERBS FROM “FALLEN” BY LAUREN KATE INTO “TERKUTUK” BY FANNY YUANITA.
1.2 Problem of the study The problems of the analysis in the thesis are: 1. What are the procedures of translation used in translating phrasal verbs in Lauren Kate’s Fallen into Bahasa Indonesia Terkutuk by Fanny Yuanita?
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2. What is the most dominant procedure used in translating phrasal verb from “Fallen” by Lauren Kate to “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita?
1.3 Objective of the study The expected results of the discussion of this thesis are:
1. To figure out the procedures of translation found in translating phrasal verb in Lauren Kate’s Fallen into Bahasa Indonesia Terkutuk by Fanny Yuanita.
2. To determine the dominant procedure of translating phrasal verbs found in “Fallen” by Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita.
1.4 Scope of the study This study focuses on translation process of phrasal verb found in Lauren
Kate “Fallen” and its phrasal verb meaning in Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk”. In order to avoid excessively large discussions, writer decided to choose three of twenty chapters that exist in the novel become refrence in this thesis work. Three chapters were chosen because it has a number of phrasal verbs more than other chapters.
1.5 Significance of the study The significances of this study can be both theoretical and practical. It means,
the result of the study could be beneficial to increase knowledge about phrasal verb and can be applied in daily conversation.
Based on the statement above, this study has two major significances: 1. This thesis is expected to enrich the writer and reader’s knowledge about
phrasal verb and the formation of that phrasal verb. 2. This thesis is expected to be helpful for people especially students to
determine phrasal verb in daily conversation and they can understand what they have read and transform it in the form of writing.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Translation
2.1.1 Definition of Translation
Basically, the term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating) (Munday, 2001:5). Nevertheless, the definition of translation is not that simple. Further elaboration is needs to make it obvious. Many experts in translation theory define translation in different ways.
Catford (1965:20) states that translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).
Translations consist of changing from one state or form to another, to turn into one’s own or another’s language (The Merriam – Webster Dictionary, 1974).
Popovic (in McGuire, 1978:5), claims that’s “a translation is not a monistic composition, but an interpretation and conglomerate of two structures.”
A translation is not a monistic composition, but an interpenetration and conglomerate of two structures.
Hatim and Mason (1997:1), Translating… as an act of communication which attempts to relay, across cultural and linguistic boundaries, another act of communication (which may have been intended for different purpose and different readers/ listeners).
Levy as cited in Venuti (2000:148) explains two definition of translation based on the teleological and pragmatic point of view. From the teleological point of view, translation is a process of communication. The objective of translating is to impart the knowledge of the translator at any moment of his work (that is from the pragmatic point of view), translation is a decision process: a series of a certain
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number of consecutive situations imposing on the translator the necessity of choosing among a certain (and very often exactly definable) number of alternative.
2.1.1 Function of Translation Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication
situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure which, are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context. (Larson, 1984:3). It means that the function of translation as the bridge for human’s communication keep going on, especially in international communication.
Translation is attempted to be used to overcome barriers in international communication (Haugen, 2001:17). It means that translation be expected to overcome the problems of doing translation in international communication, it cause by the variety of language.
Nida (1981:2) states that translation means communication because it has three essential elements to form a process of communication. The three essential are source, message, and receptor, and these elements be found in all communication activities.
2.1.3 Types of Translation Jakobson (1959: 114) formulates categories of translation into three parts,
namely intralingual, interlingual and intersemiotic translation.
a. Intralingual translation (or ‘rewording’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means for other signs of the same language. It would occur, for example, when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or written.
b. Interlingual translation (or ‘translation proper’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language. It would occur if we translate a text
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from one language to another language to another language, such as English into Bahasa Indonesia. c. Intersemiotic translation (or ‘transmutation’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of a sign of non – verbal sign system. It would occur if written text were translated, for example, into music, film or painting.
Newmark (1995:45), distinguish several kinds of translation. They are: a. Word-for-word translation
This often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with the Target Text (TT) immediately below the Source Text (ST) words. The ST word - order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. Cultural words translated literally. The main use of word-forword translation is either to understand the mechanics of the source language or to construe a difficult text as a pre-translation process.
b. Literal Translation The ST grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TT equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context. As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problems to be solved.
2.1.4 Process of Translation The process of translation involves the translator changing an original text
(the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into target text (TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL).
Nida and Taber (1969:33) cited in Munday (2001:6) divide the process of translation into three stages: analyzing of the source language, transferring the message of the source language, and restructuring of the transferred message in the receptor language.
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A (Source Language)
B (Receptor Language)
(Analyzing)
(Restructuring)
X
(transferring)
Y
Nida’s three stages system of translation (Munday, 2001:6)
a. The analyzing stage is the process in which grammatical relationship and the meaning of words or its combination are analyzed.
b. The transferring stage is the process in which the analyzed material in stage 1 are transferred in the translator’s mind from source language into target language.
c. The restructuring stage is the process in which the writer re - write or reexpress the material in such a way that the translation product is readable and acceptable in terms of rules and style in the target language.
2.1.5 Method of Translation
There are two general translation method identified by Vinay and Dalbernet (2000:84-93): direct and oblique translation. The two methods comprise seven procedures of translation, of which direct translation covers: borrowing, calque and literal translation. Oblique translation covers: transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation.
I. Direct Translation a. Borrowing The Source Language (SL) word interpreted directly to the Target Language (TL). e.g.
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SL : durian TL : durian
; orangutan (Bahasa Indonesia) ; orangutan (English)
b. Calque
This is ‘a special kind of borrowing’ where the SL expression or
structure interpreted in a literal translation.
e.g.
SL : transceiver cable
; cell (English)
TL : kabel transceiver
; sel (Bahasa Indonesia)
c. Literal Translation
This is ‘word – for – word’ translation, which is describe as being
most common between language of the same family and culture.
e.g.
SL : I go to school every day
(English)
TL : Saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari (Bahasa Indonesia)
II. Oblique Translation
a. Transposition
This is a change of one part of speech for another without changing
the meaning of the message.
e.g.
SL : My hobby is writing
(English)
N
TL : Hobi saya adalah menulis (Bahasa Indonesia)
V
b. Modulation Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in the point of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or even transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL.
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e.g. SL : I broke my leg. TL : kaki saya patah.
(English) (Bahasa Indonesia)
c. Equivalence
It refers to cases where language describes the same situation by
different stylistic or structural means. It is particularly useful in
translating idioms and proverbs.
e.g.
SL : Luce looked after by Daniel.
(English)
TL : Luce diawasi oleh Daniel.
(Bahasa Indonesia)
d. Adaptation
It involves the changing the cultural reference when a situation the
source cultural does not exist in the target culture.
e.g.
SL : Luce will marry with Daniel
(English)
TL : Daniel akan menikahi Luce
(Bahasa Indonesia)
2.1 Phrasal Verbs 2.1.1 Definition of Phrasal Verbs
Every speaker direct or indirect, conscious or unconscious, do know or do not know, they using phrasal verbs for daily English. Phrasal verb is very important part of coloring English, they are used to give life and richness to the language. Phrasal verbs take the existing words, combine them in a new sense, and bring new expression.
The question, what the phrasal verb is? To give the exact understanding of phrasal verbs, the writer presents some definition of phrasal verb given by some linguists.
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Crowell (1964: 401), phrasal verb is combination of verb and a particle which together have a meaning different from the customary meaning of the two words.
Phrasal verbs are combinations of verb plus particle that regularly occur together (Wishon, Burks, 1980: 217)
Basically, the term phrasal verb refers to a verb and preposition which together have a special meaning (Azar, 1989:A26)
Phrasal verbs are lexical verbs which consist of more than just the verb word itself (Hallyday, 1994:207)
Trask (1997:169), Phrasal verbs: a verb consisting of a simple verb plus one or more particles, the meaning is no generally predictable from the meaning of the component part.
Phrasal verb is a verb consisting of a simple verb plus one or more particles, the meaning is no generally predictable from the meaning of the component part (Warriner, 1982:88)
Phrasal verbs are combination of verb plus particle that regularly occurs together (Biber, 1999:407)
Phrasal verb is combination of a verb and a particle, which together have a meaning different from the customary meaning of the two words (Crowell, 1964:401).
Phrasal verbs are traditional rather than logical. The meaning of a verb may be no clue to its meaning. We will notice that phrasal verbs are mostly become popular words. Often a particular phrasal verb may replace by a more learned word. Phrasal verb may categorize in various ways according to similarities or structure, image and content. They are uses by all classes of people and its common used in every daily life conversation, from upper until lower class of people.
In a simple way, it can be conclude that a phrasal verb is an expression that does not follow the normal pattern of the language or that has not a total meaning suggested by its separate words.
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2.1.2 The Importance of Phrasal Verb
There are three reasons why phrasal verbs are important:
a. Phrasal verbs are very common and widely used by English – speaking people, both in everyday speech and in writing. They are particularly common in the media – newspaper, magazine, novel, etc.
b. Phrasal verbs are often a single verb, usually of classical origin, corresponding to a phrasal verb.
e.g
give up
= abandon
call for
= demand
look into = investigate
burn down = destroy
miss out
= leave out
pick out
= select
watch out = careful
ring up
= telephone
c. Phrasal verbs are dynamic, that is, we are constantly inventing (make up) new ones and giving new meanings to old ones – slang and the conversation of young people are full of such things. e.g That man pays back the criminal (revenge the criminal). He staring at me (watch) Cam glance back from Gabb (turn head) It turns me on (excite me) You have to look him out (be careful)
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2.1.3 Kinds of Phrasal Verbs
There are two kinds of phrasal verbs: Separable and Inseparable phrasal verbs.
a. Separable phrasal verbs A noun or pronoun may come either between the verb and the preposition or after preposition. e.g. SL: I handed my paper in yesterday Noun/Pronoun I handed in my paper yesterday Noun/Pronoun TL: Saya menyerahkan tugas saya kemarin.
b. Nonseparable phrasal verbs A noun or pronoun must follow the preposition. e.g. SL: I ran into an old friend yesterday Noun/Pronoun TL: Saya tidak sengaja bertemu dengan teman lama saya semalam.
2.1.4 Word Order in Phrasal Verb
There are three words order in phrasal verbs: verb + preposition, verb + adverb + preposition, verb + adverb, and its combination become transitive (tr) or intransitive (intr):
1. Verb + Preposition a. Account for (tr) = give a good reason for
A treasurer must account for the money he spends.
He has behaved in the most extraordinary way; I cannot account for his actions at all.
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b. Close up (intr) = come nearer together If you children closed up a bit there’d room for another one on this seat.
2. Verb + Adverb a. Bear out (tr) = confirm This report bears out my theory. b. Close in (intr) = come nearer We have to out of here, the Lucifer close in.
3. Verb + Adverb + Preposition a. Look out on (tr) = seeing Look out on a massive mausoleum in the cemetery. b. Lead up to (intr) = introduce Teacher as the new student for lead up to his classmate.
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CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design In writing this thesis, writer uses library research and descriptive qualitative
method. Library research is used to find out the material on phrasal verbs, and books also used to find an explanation of the theories that used to obtain the research results. In addition, some information also found from the website to support or complete the collected theories.
Descriptive qualitative method used to describing and explaining the findings. Bungin (2001:290) “Penggunaan strategi deskriptif kualitatif dimulai dari analisis berbagai data yang terhimpun dari suatu penelitian, kemudian bergerak ke arah pembentukan kesimpulan kategoris atau cirri-ciri umum tertentu.”
3.2 Source of Data The data that analyzed are phrasal verbs. It gathered from Lauren Kate’s
novel entitled “Fallen” and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita. To find the samples, the writer uses random sampling. The random sampling is the best single way to obtain a representative sample (Guy,1987: ).
The selected samples obtained by determining the phrasal verbs inside all chapter s of the novel and then three chapters were chosen providing it contained more phrasal verbs than other, the three chapters are chapter two, chapter ten and chapter eighteen.
3.3 Data Analyzing Method There are some steps to collect and analyze the data, namely:
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1. Reading the English novel as the source text (ST) and then reading the Indonesian novel as the target text (TT).
2. Identifying the phrases included as phrasal verbs. 3. Strongly selecting the phrases related to phrasal verbs. 4. Determining the dominant chapters of the novel who had more phrasal verbs,
and choosing it as data. 5. Listing the phrases occurred as the finding data. 6. Identifying the equivalence between ST and TT. 7. Contrasting the phrases in ST and TT in order to figures out the procedures of
translation used. 8. Identifying the procedures of translation occurred. 9. Classifying the procedures of translation occurred. 10. Determining the dominant translation procedure occured.
In order to figure out the dominant procedure of translation occurred in the translation, this thesis is using a formula refers to Malo’s method of social research.
The formula of calculating the percentage of the procedures used is:
x/y x 100 % = N
X : Total frequency of the procedures of translation phrasal verbs. Y : Total of all data. N : The percentage of the procedures of translation
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CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS
4.1 FINDING
Description of data and its translation procedures:
No Source Text
Target Text
Procedure
1 Gabbe was shaking hands Gabbe menyalami gadis Adaptation
with the tongue-pierced dengan anting di lidah Adaptation
girl who’d been making yang tadi bercumbu
out with the tongue- dengan pemuda yang
pierced
guy lidahnya beranting diluar
outside.(Chapter 2, Page sana. (Chapter 2, Page 51,
43, Line 13)
Line 4)
2 Arriane flitted about the Arriane
menyelinap Adaptation
others, whispering things diantara murid-murid
Luce couldn’t make out, yang lain, membisikkan
(Chapter 2, Page 43, Line sesuatu yang tidak
19) dimengerti Luce, (Chapter
2, Page 51, Line 10)
3 He smirked, tugging on a Cam nyengir, menarik Equivalence
strand at the back of her helai rambut di tengkuk
neck. (Chapter 2, Page 43, Arriane. (Chapter 2, Page
Line 20)
51, Line 13)
4 He glance back at Arriane, Cam melirik Arriane. Equivalence
(Chapter 2, Page 44, Line (Chapter 2, Page 51, Line
7) 30)
5 An easy smile spread Senyum lepas terkembang Equivalence
across Cam’s face. pada wajah Cam. (Chapter
(Chapter 2, Page 44, Line 2, Page 52, Line 12)
23)
6 None of them had ever Mereka tidak pernah Modulation
pulled the desk next to her menarik mejanya begitu
even closer, plopped down dekat dengan meja Luce,
beside her, (Chapter 2, menjatuhkan diri didekat
Page 44, Line 28)
Luce, (Chapter 2, Page 52,
Line 17)
7 Cam reached into his Cam merogoh saku dan Equivalence
pocket and pulled out a mengeluarkan pick gitar Modulation
green guitar with the hijau bertuliskan angka
number 44 printed on it. 44. (Chapter 2, Page 52,
(Chapter 2, Page 445, Line Line 19)
2)
8 It was just her first day Hanya saja ini baru hari Equivalence
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here and she was still pertamanya di sini dan ia
figuring out the ropes. masih
meraba-raba
(Chapter 2, Page 45, Line keadaan. (Chapter 2, Page
16) 53, Line 5)
9 Keeping a look out for Menunggu
Daniel. Modulation
Daniel. (Chapter 2, Page (Chapter 2, Page 53, Line
45, Line 23)
12)
10 She look over at Cam, Ia menoleh ke arah Cam, Modulation
(Chapter 2, Page 46, Line (Chapter 2, Page 53, Line
5) 22)
11 Look out on a massive Dan pemandangan yang Equivalence
mausoleum in the bisa dilihat dari jendela itu
cemetery. (Chapter 2, hanya mausoleum besar di
Page 46, Line 18)
pekuburan. (Chapter 2,
Page 54, Line 5)
12 She looked down at her Ia menunduk menatap Modulation
schedule to check what jadwal untuk melihat
room it was in. (Chapter 2, pelajaran itu akan
Page 47, Line 3)
diadakan dikelas yang
mana. (Chapter 2, Page 54,
Line 18)
13 When Cam looked over at Ketika melihat kearahnya, Equivalence
her, he gave her a wink Luce memberikan kedipan
and a flirty little wave that dan lambaian yang
caused her whole body to menggoda menyebabkan
tense up. (Chapter 2, Page seluruh tubuh Luce tegang.
47, Line 11)
(Chapter 2, Page 54,
Line26
14 Who mentioned with her Yang mengisyaratkan Equivalence
chin for Luce to pick up dengan dagu kepada Luce
the paper plane. (Chapter untukk memungut pesawat
2, Page 47, Line 16)
kertas itu. (Chapter 2, Page
55, Line 3)
15 Already looking for the Sudah mencari-cari jalan Equivalence
exit? (Chapter 2, Page 47, keluar? (Chapter 2, Page
Line 25)
55, Line 5)
16 A closer look at the Dengan
hanya Modulation
syllabus was all it took memperhatikan silabus itu
forLuce to see that Arriane lebih teliti, Luce bisa
had been right about being melihat bahwa Arriane
in a hellhole: (Chapter 2, memang benar tentang
Page 48, Line 11)
lubang neraka ini:
(Chapter 2, Page 55, Line
24)
17 Luce would be scared to Luce ngeri untuk mencari Equivalence
find out. (Chapter 2, Page tahu. (Chapter 2, Page 56,
48, Line 20)
Line 3)
18 She glance back at Ia menoleh kembali kea Literal Transaltion
Arriane, who shook her rah Arriane, yang Adaptation
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head and gave her a you- menggeleng dan memutar
have-so-much-to-learn roll mata dengan gaya yang
of the eyes. (Chapter 2, mengatakan masih banyak
Page 49, Line 2)
yang harus Luce pelajari.
(Chapter 2, Page 56, Line
14)
19 She dared a glance down Ia memberanikan diri Literal Translation
at the open notebook on melirik ke bawah, kebuku
his desk and caught his catatan yang terbuka di
full name. (Chapter 2, meja Roland dan membaca
Page 49, Line 13)
nama lengkap cowo itu.
(Chapter 2, Page 56, Line
26)
20 Luce glance down at her Luce melirik jadwalnya. Modulation
schedule. (Chapter 2, Page (Chapter 2, Page 57, Line
50, Line12)
20)
21 As Arriane sputtered out a Ketika Arriane tergelak, Transposition
laugh, (Chapter 2, Page (Chapter 2, Page 57, Line
50, Line 15)
23)
22 She was glancing around Ia menyapu pandangan ke Equivalence
the tables, (Chapter 2, meja-meja, (Chapter 2,
Page 51, Line 7)
Page 58, Line 11)
23 Luce let out a long exhale. Luce menghembuskan Modulation
(Chapter 2, Page 51, Line nafas panjang. (Chapter 2,
18) Page 58, Line 22)
24 Arriane was cracking up, Arriane hanya bercanda, Adaptation
(Chapter 2, Page 51, Line (Chapter 2, Page 58, Line
22) 27)
25 “Shut up, he totally heard “Diam, pasti dia Equivalence
you,” (Chapter 2, Page 51, mendengarmu,” (Chapter
Line 25)
2, Page 58, Line 30)
26 She still didn’t understand Ia masih tidak mengerti Equivalence
where it came from, dari mana datangnya,
(Chapter 2, Page 52, Line (Chapter 2, Page 59, Line
3) 5)
27 She did not want to give Ia tidak mau memberikan Modulation
him any reason to flip her alasan bagi Daniel untuk
off a second time. mengacungkan
jari
(Chapter 2, Page 52, Line padanya lagi. (Chapter 2,
7) Page 59, Line 10)
28 He looked like someone Ia terlihat seperti orang Literal Translation
pretending to be intensely yang berpura-pura fokus Calque
focused on chewing his mengunyah
burger.
hamburger. (Chapter 2, (Chapter 2, Page 59, Line
Page 52, Line 12)
14)
29 Luce turned back to Luce berpaling lagi pada Equivalence
Arriane. (Chapter 2, Page Arriane. (Chapter 2, Page
52, Line 18)
59, Line 21)
30 “I’m going to chose not to “Aku memilih untuk tidak Equivalence
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take offense at that,” merasa
tersinggung
picking up a plastic tray dengan pertanyaan itu,”
and handing one to Luce. mengambil
nampan
(Chapter 2, Page 52, Line pelastik menyerahkan satu
20) pada Luce. (Chapter 2,
Page 59, Line 23)
31 “And I’m going to move “Dan aku akan Equivalence
on to explaining the fine meneruskan penjelasan
art of selecting a cafeteria tentang seni memilih
seat. (Chapter 2, Page 52, tempat duduk di kantin.
Line 22)
(Chapter 2, Page 59, Line
25)
32 Luce, look out!” (Chapter Luce, awas!” (Chapter 2, Equivalence
2, Page 52, Line 24)
Page 59, Line 28)
33 She reached out in front of Ia mengulurkan tangan ke Modulation
her for support, (Chapter depan untuk mencari
2, Page 53, Line 1)
pegangan, (Chapter 2,
Page 60, Line 2)
34 Luce looked up. (Chapter Luce mendongak. (Chapter Equivalence
2, Page 53, Line 7)
2, Page 60, Line 9)
35 She tried to get up, Ia mencoba berdiri, Equivalence
(Chapter 2, Page 53, Line (Chapter 2, Page 60, Line
13) 17)
36 Pain shot up her leg, Rasa sakit menjalar ke Modulation
(Chapter 2, Page 53, Line sepanjang
kakinya,
15) (Chapter 2, Page 60, Line
18)
37 She reached down to help Ia mengulurkan tangan ke Adaptation
Luce to her feet. (Chapter bawah untuk membantu
2, Page 53, Line 19)
Luce berdiri. (Chapter 2,
Page 60, Line 21)
38 Throw a fat punch that Melayangkan tinju keras Literal Translation
landed on Molly’s right yang mendarat di mata
eye. (Chapter 2, Page 54, kanan Molly. (Chapter 2,
Line 4)
Page 61, Line 4)
39 Her arms thrown up and Kedua
tangannya Equivalence
jerking in the air. (Chapter terangkat dan tersentak-
2, Page 54, Line 7)
sentak ke udara. (Chapter
2, Page 61, Line 8)
40 She reached out to catch Ia mengulurkan tangan Equivalence
Arriane just as she sank to untuk menangkap Arriane
the floor. (Chapter 2, Page tepat ketika gadis itu
54, Line 13)
terjatuh ke lantai. (Chapter
2, Page 61, Line 13)
41 “All right, break it up. “Baiklah,
hentikan. Equivalence
Break it up,” (Chapter 2, Hentikan,” (Chapter 2,
Page 54, Line 23)
Page 61, Line 23)
42 Was she really going to Apakah ia akan Equivalence
kick the crap out of menghabisi
Arriane Modulation
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Arriane with Randy sementara Randy sudah
standing right there? berdiri disana? (Chapter 2,
(Chapter 2, Page 55, Line Page 6, Line 30)
1)
43 She crouched down to Randy berjongkok di sisi Equivalence
where Arriane still lay in Arriane yang masih
Luce’s lap, (Chapter 2, tergeletak di pangkuan
Page 55, Line 11)
Luce, (Chapter 2, Page 62,
Line 10)
44 “Come on,” (Chapter 2, “Ayo,” (Chapter 2, Page Equivalence
Page 55, Line 17)
62, Line 16)
45 Turning back only once at Berpaling hanya satu kali Equivalence
the doorway to repeat her di ambang pintu untuk
orders for Luce and mengulang perintahnya
Molly. (Chapter 2, Page bagi Luce dan Molly.
55, Line 20)
(Chapter 2, Page 62, Line
19)
46 Reaching down to pick up Meraih ke bawah untuk Literal Translation
the plate of meat loaf that memungut piring berisi Equivalence
had slipped from her tray. daging giling yang
(Chapter 2, Page 55, Line tergelincir
dari
23) nampannya. (Chapter 2,
Page 62, Line 23)
47 She dangled it over Luce’s Gadis itu memegang Equivalence
head for a second, piring tadi diatas kepala
(Chapter 2, Page 55, Line Luce sedetik, (Chapter 2,
26) Page 62, Line 26)
48 “Priceless”, Molly said, “Tak ternilai”, kata Molly, Modulation
pulling out the tiniest mengeluarkan kamera
silver camera from the berwarna perak yang amat
back pocket of her black kecil dari saku belakang
jeans. (Chapter 2, Page 56, celana jeans hitamnya.
Line 4)
(Chapter 2, Page 62, Line
31)
49 Luce had though she had a Luce mengira punya Equivalence
chance at standing up and kesempatan untuk berdiri Modulation
just shaking off the dan menepiskan kejadian
incident-
literally. tadi – (Chapter 2, Page 63,
(Chapter 2, Page 56, Line Line 11)
14)
50 She longed to see her Ia sangat berharap bisa Modulation
battered old car there, to melihat mobil tuanya yang Modulation
sink into the frying cloth reot ada disana, me
seat, rev the engine, crank mbenamkan diri di jok
up the stereo, and peel the yang
robek
,
hell out of this place. menghidupkan mesin,
(Chapter 2, Page 56, Line menyalakan radio keras-
28) keras, dan kabur sejauh
mungkin dari tempat ini.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
(Chapter 2, Page 63, Line
25)
51 She dropped her face into Ia
membenamkan Equivalence
her hands, knowing she wajahnya di telapak Literal Translation
had to go back. (Chapter tangan, menyadari ia
2, Page 57, Line 12)
harus masuk kembali.
(Chapter 2, Page 64, Line
7)
52 But her face crumple up at Tapi wajahnya berkerut Equivalence
the sight of Luce. (Chapter melihat Luce. (Chapter 2,
2, Page 57, Line 20)
Page 64, Line 18)
53 Gabbe asked, holding up a Tanya Gabbe, mengangkat Equivalence
pastel blue cosmetics case. tas kosmetik biru pastel.
(Chapter 2, Page 58, Line (Chapter 2, Page 64, Line
2) 28)
54 Without looking at herself Tampa melihat dirinya Equivalence
in the mirror, (Chapter 2, pada cermin, (Chapter 2,
Page 58, Line 5)
Page 64, Line 32)
55 “Come on,” she said, “Ayo,” katanya, menarik Equivalence
pulling over a beat-up kursi lipat butut. (Chapter Modulation
folding chair. (Chapter 2, 2, Page 65, Line 30)
Page 59, Line 7)
56 Looking down at her black Menunduk menatap baju Literal Translation
sweater and pulling it over hangat hitamnya dan Literal Translation
her head to expose an menariknya ke atas kepala,
identical black sweater memperlihatkan
baju
underneath. (Chapter 2, hangat yang sama persis
Page 59, Line 17)
dibaliknya. (Chapter 2,
Page 66, Line 12)
57 Even though she would walaupun sekarang akan Equivalence
have done just about melakukan apa saja agar
anything right then to get bisa keluar dari lapisan
out of the meat cloak she daging yang sekarang
was wearing. (Chapter 2, dikenakannya ini. (Chapter
Page 59, Line 25)
2, Page 66, Line 20)
58 I won’t oppress your ears Aku takkan merusak Modulation
with some of the cruder telinga mu dengan
nicknames they’ve come menyebutkan beberapa
up with.” (Chapter 2, Page julukan lebih kejam yang
60, Line 13)
mereka berikan.” (Chapter
2, Page 67, Line 8)
59 She stuck out her hand. Ia mengulurkan tangan. Adaptation
(Chapter 2, Page 60, Line (Chapter 2, Page 67, Line
23) 19)
60 Penn took over running Penn menyalakan air. Equivalence
the water. (Chapter 2, (Chapter 2, Page 68, Line
Page 61, Line 13)
6)
61 Penn trailed off. (Chapter Penn tidak meneruskan. Modulation
2, Page 61, Line 27)
(Chapter 2, Page 68, Line
Universitas Sumatera Utara
22)
62 She was eager to stay on Ia sangat ingin tetap Equivalence
this girl’s good side and berada di sisi baik cewek Equivalence
wanted to put out the be- ini dan lebih ingin
my-friend vibe way more memancarkan
sinyal
than she wanted to seem berteman
daripada
like she actually cared; kelihatan peduli dengan
(Chapter 2, Page 62, Line seberapa sering rumput di
7) halaman Sword & Cross
dipangkas; (Chapter 2,
Page 68, Line 31)
63 “It wouldn’t be Monday if “Bukan hari senin Equivalence
Arriane didn’t get carted namanya jika Arriane
off to the nurse after a fit.” tidak digotong ke ruang
(Chapter 2, Page 63, Line kesehatan
setelah
10) serangan sawan,” (Page
69, Line 32)
64 Luce Gawked at her. Luce ternganga. (Chapter Transposition
(Chapter 2, Page 64, Line 2, Page 70, Line 27)
8)
65 “What are you waiting “Apa lagi yang kau Equivalence
for?” (Chapter 10, Page tunggu?” (Chapter 10,
196, Line 1)
Page 197, Line 1)
66 “Let’s go.” (Chapter 10, “Ayo.” (Chapter 10, Page Modulation
Page 197, Line 2)
197, Line 2)
67 She tugged on Luce’s Ia menarik tangan Luce. Equivalence
hand. (Chapter 10, Page (Chapter 10, Page 197,
196, Line 2)
Line 2)
68 She took in Luce’s blank Penn
memperhatikan Modulation
expression. (Chapter 10, ekspresi kosong Luce.
Page 196, Line 9)
(Chapter 10, Page 197,
Line 9)
69 Cam said, lifting the notes Kata Cam, menarik pesan- Modulation
back out of Penn’s hand pesan itu dari tangan Penn
and delivering them, dan menyerahkannya,
(Chapter 10, Page 197, (Chapter 10, Page 198,
Line 18)
Line 9)
70 “I was only looking out “Aku hanya melindungi Equivalence
for you best interests. mu.” (Chapter 10, Page
(Chapter 10, Page 197, 198, Line 10)
Line 20)
71 Penn nudged around Penn mengintip dari balik Modulation
Luce’s shoulder so she bahu Luce supaya bisa Equivalence
could get a look. (Chapter melihat juga. (Chapter 10,
10, Page 197, Line 28) Page 198, Line 18)
72 Luce looked up at him. Luce mendongak kearah Modulation
(Chapter 10, Page 198, Cam. (Chapter 10, Page
Line 4)
198, Line 23)
73 “I need your help setting “Aku butuh bantuan mu Equivalence
Universitas Sumatera Utara
up,” (Chapter 10, Page untuk penataan,” (Chapter
198, Line 24)
10, Page 199, Line 15)
74 Or should she take Cam Atau haruskah ia Modulation
up on his offer? (Chapter menerima ajakan Cam?
10, Page 199, Line 12) (Chapter 10, Page 199,
Line 30)
75 A rumor had flown around Baru kemarin ada gossip Modulation
the classroom when Jules dikelas ketika Jules dan
and Philip, the tongue- Philip, pasangan dengan
pierced couple, didn’t lidah beranting, tidak
show up for Miss Sophia’s muncul dikelas Miss
class. (Chapter 10, Page Sophia. (Chapter 10, Page
199, Line 15)
200, Line 2)
76 Luce swallowed, looking Luce menelan ludah, Equivalence
up at Cam. (Chapter 10, mendongak kearah Cam.
Page 199, Line 26)
(Chapter 10, Page 200,
Line 14)
77 Cam looked at Penn like Cam menatap Penn seakan Equivalence
his trying to figure out berusaha menebak dari Equivalence
where she’d come from all mana gadis itu tiba-tiba Equivalence
of a sudden. (Chapter 10, muncul. (Chapter 10, Page
Page 200, Line 7)
200, Line 23)
78 “If you’d ever get around “Jika kau membaca pesan- Modulation
to reading my recent pesan ku yang terakhir,
correspondence, you’d see kau akan tahu mengapa
why we have more kita mempunyai hal lain
important things on our yang lebih penting.(
plate.” (Chapter 10, Page Chapter 10, Page 201, Line
201, Line 4)
19)
79 Luce looked up at her. Luce mendongak menatap Equivalence
(Chapter 10, Page 202, Penn. (Chapter 10, Page
Line 12)
202, Line 22)
80 “They do. I can’t figure it “Memang. Aku juga belum Modulation
out, either.” (Chapter 10, bisa
menemukan
Page 202, Line 15)
alasannya.” (Chapter 10,
Page 202, Line 25)
81 Even though you showed Walaupun kau tiba Modulation
up at the same time as bersamaan dengan murid
those other kids, (Chapter yag lain, (Chapter 10, Page
10, Page 202, Line 16) 202, Line 19)
82 “But when Arriane Molly, “Tapi ketika Arriane, Modulation
and Daniel showed up, Molly dan Daniel muncul,
they already knew each mereka sudah saling
other. I think they are mengenal. Kurasa mereka
came from the same berasal dari lingkungan
halfway house in L.A.” yang sama di L.A.”
(Chapter 10, Page 202, (Chapter 10, Page 203,
Line 24)