Text Analysis of The Positive Self-Presentation in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's Speech.

ABSTRACT

Dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini saya menganalis pidato dari Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) untuk menemukan poin-poin di mana Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono merepresentasikan dirinya secara positif melalui pidato ini.

Pidato ini merupakan sebuah pidato yang diberikan secara khusus oleh SBY ketika terjadi aksi pengeboman di dua gedung hotel di Jakarta. Aksi pengeboman tersebut juga bertepatan dengan sedang berlangsungnya penghitungan suara pemilihan presiden secara langsung. Ketika itu SBY merupakan presiden yang sedang menjabat dan juga salah satu calon presiden untuk periode pemerintahan yang berikutnya.

Saya menganalisis teks pidato ini dengan menggunakan teori van Dijk. Saya menganalisis teks ini di tataran mikro, yaitu aspek macrostructure, microstructure, dan superstructure. Melalui ketiga aspek analisis ini saya dapat menyimpulkan bahwa SBY merepresentasikan dirinya secara positif melalui pidatonya ini.

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ii

ABSTRACT ... iii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ... 4

1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 4

1.4 Method of Research ... 5

1.5 Organization of the Thesis ... 5

CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ... 6

2.1 Macro Level ... 7

2.2 Meso Level ... 8

2.3 The Micro Level ... 8

2.3.1 The Macrostructure ... 8

2.3.2 The Microstructure ... 9

2.3.3 The Superstructure ... 10

CHAPTER THREE: TEXT ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE SELF-PRESENTATION IN SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO’S SPEECH ... 11

3.1 Macrostructure Analysis ... 11

3.2 Microstructure Analysis ... 17

3.3 Superstructure Analysis ... 24

CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION ... 26

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 30

APPENDICES

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s Speech

Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh,

Greetings to everyone,

My fellow countrymen and women, to all Indonesians that I love, wherever you are. Today is a black dot in our history as a nation. Once again, there has been an attack or a bombing committed by terrorists in Jakarta. It is suspected to have been committed by a group of terrorists, although it may not necessarily be the same terrorism network that we have realized cause nothing but sufferings and troubles that all Indonesians have had to bear. This barbaric act has brought about innocent casualties as well. Therefore, on this opportunity, on behalf of the country and the government, and as a person, I would like to express my heartfelt condolences to the families of the victims. To all the victims, our thoughts and prayers are with you.

My fellow countrymen and women, the inhuman and thoughtless bombing occurred just when our nation had held its presidential election and while the General Elections Commission (KPU) is still tallying the votes. It has greatly disrupted the security and peace of the country while people want a safe, peaceful and conducive situation. People want the conclusion of the 2009 General Elections to be the starting point for us to unite and rebuild our country for the sake of all Indonesian people.

The bombing was committed when people were still concerned with political brouhaha at the elite level, also — as I have been noticing everyday — with provocative remarks that maintain heated and hostile circumstances, which is not the aspiration of the people who fulfilled their political duties a few weeks ago.

My fellow countrymen and women, I believe almost all of us feel sympathy and sadness, and cry inside, as I do now. Indeed, there are few people who are laughing and screaming in delight, satisfying their maddening anger. These few people, heartless and careless for the destruction of our country from terrorism, do not care about the vast implications of their brutality toward our economy, business climate, tourism, image in the world and many other factors.

Presently, my brothers and sisters, beside us, the government is performing emergency response measures to treat the victims of the bombing. An

investigation is on the way as well. I have received a preliminary report of the ongoing investigation. After I read the report, I instructed the Chief of Police, the National Intelligence Agency and other related state institutions to conduct a proper and thorough investigation and to bring the perpetrators to justice.

I believe, as we have discovered before, that the perpetrators and the people who masterminded this terror will be apprehended and we will prosecute them under the law. I have instructed law enforcers to prosecute anyone involved. Whoever he or she is, from whatever political rank and background.

This morning, I have received many statements, or reminders that made me theorize, or at least are concerned, that this terrorism is related to the result of the presidential election. I would respond like this — that we should not point our fingers, or blame someone without proof. All theories and speculations must be proven in court. Our country is a lawful country, as well as a democratic one. Therefore, the norms of law and democracy must be enacted properly. If someone is guilty under the law, then we could say that the person is guilty.

I must say for the first time to all Indonesians that during the series of legislative and presidential elections in 2009, there were several intelligence reports that were gathered by law enforcers. Once again, this information has never been

made public. The report showed a group of terrorists had practiced shooting at my picture, SBY's picture, as a target. Let me show you.

This is a video recording of them practicing shooting. Two men are shooting with handguns. This is the target. And this is my picture, and they are aiming approximately at my face. This is the intelligence report, with video tape and pictures. It is not a slander, nor an issue. I received the report several moments ago. It is still related to the intelligence that acknowledged there is a plan to commit violence or actions against the law in relation to the election result.

There was also a plan to occupy the office of the General Elections Commission when the result is ready to announce. There was a statement that there would be a revolution if SBY wins. This is an intelligence report, not rumors, nor gossip. Other statements said they wished to turn Indonesia into [a country like] Iran. And the last statement said that no matter what, SBY should not and would not be inaugurated. You can interpret such threats, and the tens of other intelligence reports that are currently in the hands of our law enforcers.

This morning, just like I used to do, I wanted to come personally to the location [of the attack]. But the Chief of Police and others suggested I should wait, since the area was not yet secure. And danger could come at any time especially with all of the threats I have shown you, physical threats.

Surely, life and death is in God's hands. I should not worry and be restrained in doing my duty to the people, to this country. Since presidential security is borne by the Indonesian Armed Forces, I believe the armed forces have taken the precautions needed. To all intelligence reports, whether they are related to the bombing or not, I have instructed to all law enforcers to perform their duties correctly, objectively, decisively and lawfully.

If the threats are not related to today's bombing, they still need to be prevented, because anarchy, violence, vandalism and all other crimes are not the characteristics of a democratic and lawful country, obviously. For all of this, I, as the president, condemn the brutal act of terrorism. I also feel very sorry about the incident. Perhaps, or usually, during times like this, many of us are afraid to express our scorns or condemnations due to political considerations. On the other hand, I must say it loud and clear, as my mandate as the president.

Why do I have to feel very sorry? First of all, you all know that for the last five years, our economy has been growing rapidly. Business, tourism, food self-sufficiency, investment, trade, real sectors, have all been moving favorably regardless of the global crisis. Secondly, during the last week alone, our stock exchange index was improving drastically and our Rupiah was strengthening [against US dollar] as well. With the growing economy, the welfare of our people

was developing also, including the execution of poverty and unemployment eradication programs, which I usually mention as the Pro-People Program.

All that has happened, my beloved brothers and sisters of Indonesia, is because in the last couple of years, our country has been truly safe and peaceful. In addition to the economic growth, our people throughout the country can work and live their lives in peace, free from fear. Meanwhile, the reputation of our country in the world is increasing as the world sees our country to be more safe, organized and peaceful. Our country has a blooming democracy and improved human rights implementation, a developing country that plays its role globally. Even, and this is a sad part, if the bombing did not occur, a legendary football club, Manchester United, would have played in Jakarta.

My fellow countrymen and women, with all of these brutal and thoughtless acts of terrorism, what we have built in the last five years with the labor and sweat of all Indonesians, once again must endure another shake and setback. Implications, once again, must be borne by all Indonesians, minus the bombers.

Therefore, truth and justice will be served. I swear, for the sake of my beloved Indonesians, that the government will execute proper and decisive punishments to the bombers, including the mastermind and organizers, and for other crimes that might or could happen on our country nowadays.

To the Indonesian Police Force, Indonesian Armed Forces and National Intelligence Agency, also the governors, district chiefs and mayors, I would like to ask you to remain on high-alert status and strive to prevent terrorism. More importantly, the law enforcers must truly seek, capture and prosecute the perpetrators, organizers, and masterminds behind this violence. Maybe some of them have committed crimes, assassination or murders and gotten away with these crimes, but this time we will not let them become Dracula and death-mongers in our country.

I realize that for the last five years, police have frequently prevented and stopped terrorism actions. Confiscating explosive materials, uncovering several terrorism networks, even though today's bombing has happened, a disaster that has torn the security and reputation of our country and nation. To prevent and exterminate terrorism and other crimes properly, the intelligence [agency] must be very sharp. Prevention must be very effective. The police, the intelligence agency, the armed forces must unite in a complete synergy. Negligence and ignorance must be discarded. This is our mandate given by the people, for our country.

To all Indonesians, as you increase public alertness, stay at your work and live your lives normally. If something suspicious happens, call the police. Don't let terrorists and their masterminds lurk in your neighborhood. You can fall prey to

their actions at any time if they are allowed to mastermind further terror in our country.

For the future, I encourage all Indonesians and all elements of the nation to unite and stand together in protecting the safety and peace of this country. No country and no religion condone terrorism, whatever the motives and reasons are. Don't hesitate, nor be afraid, in preventing and exterminating terrorism. Meanwhile, the terror we had today should never break our spirit and endeavor to build and to advance our country.

We must keep on fighting to improve our economy, politics, democracy, human rights implementation, law enforcement, regional development, people's welfare and so on. The fact is that there is a major catastrophe due to today's act of terrorism. But we will make it right together, and we shall rise and move forward again. We, the nation, the country and the people, shall not falter nor cave in to terrorism. No violence, extremism, and other crimes shall continue to live on this country.

God Almighty, Allah SWT, shall protect and save our lives. With God's blessings, I assure you, my brothers and sisters of Indonesia that I shall stand right up front to face the clear and present danger and to carry out the hard, yet noble, mandate you have given to me.

Thank you,

Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

Table 1. The thesis of SBY’s speech

Paragraph Thesis

1.

My fellow countrymen and women, to all Indonesians that I love, wherever you are. Today is a black dot in our history as a nation. Once again, there has been an attack or a bombing committed by terrorists in Jakarta. It is suspected to have been committed by a group of terrorists, although it may not necessarily be the same terrorism network that we have realized cause nothing but sufferings and troubles that all Indonesians have had to bear.

2.

This barbaric act has brought about innocent casualties as well. Therefore, on this opportunity, on behalf of the country and the government, and as a person, I would like to express my heartfelt condolences to the families of the victims. To all the victims, our thoughts and prayers are with you.

3.

My fellow countrymen and women, the inhuman and thoughtless bombing occurred just when our nation had held its presidential election and while the General Elections Commission (KPU) is still tallying the votes. It has greatly disrupted the security and

peace of the country while people want a safe, peaceful and conducive situation. People want the conclusion of the 2009 General Elections to be the starting point for us to unite and rebuild our country for the sake of all Indonesian people.

4.

The bombing was committed when people were still concerned with political brouhaha at the elite level, also — as I have been noticing everyday — with provocative remarks that maintain heated and hostile circumstances, which is not the aspiration of the people who fulfilled their political duties a few weeks ago.

5.

My fellow countrymen and women, I believe almost all of us feel sympathy and sadness, and cry inside, as I do now. Indeed, there are few people who are laughing and screaming in delight, satisfying their maddening anger. These few people, heartless and careless for the destruction of our country from terrorism, do not care about the vast implications of their brutality toward our economy, business climate, tourism, image in the world and many other factors.

Table 2. The recommendation of SBY’s speech

Paragraph Recommendation

20.

To all Indonesians, as you increase public alertness, stay at your work and live your lives normally. If something suspicious happens, call the police. Don't let terrorists and their masterminds lurk in your

neighborhood. You can fall prey to their actions at any time if they are allowed to mastermind further terror in our country.

21.

For the future, I encourage all Indonesians and all elements of the nation to unite and stand together in protecting the safety and peace of this country. No country and no religion condones terrorism, whatever the motives and reasons are. Don't hesitate, nor be afraid, in preventing and exterminating terrorism. Meanwhile, the terror we had today should never break our spirit and endeavor to build and to advance our country.

22.

We must keep on fighting to improve our economy, politics, democracy, human rights implementation, law enforcement, regional development, people's welfare and so on. The fact is that there is a major catastrophe due to today's act of terrorism. But we will make it right together, and we shall rise and move forward again. We, the nation, the country and the people, shall not falter nor cave in to terrorism. No violence, extremism, and other crimes shall continue to live on this country.

Table 3. The lexicon of positive self-presentation

No Lexicon Clause

1. love My fellow countrymen and women, to all Indonesians that I love, wherever you are. (paragraph 3)

and the government, and as a person, I would like to express my heartfelt condolences to the families of the victims. (paragraph 4)

3. instructed After I read the report, I instructed the Chief of Police, the National Intelligence Agency and other related state institutions to conduct a proper and thorough

investigation and to bring the perpetrators to justice. (paragraph 8)

4. personally This morning, just like I used to do, I wanted to come personally to the location [of the attack]. (paragraph 14)

5. restrained Surely, life and death is in God's hands. I should not worry and be restrained in doing my duty to the people, to this country. (paragraph 15)

6. duty Surely, life and death is in God's hands. I should not worry and be restrained in doing my duty to the people, to this country. (paragraph 15)

7. condemn For all of this, I, as the president, condemn the brutal act of terrorism.

8. rapidly First of all, you all know that for the last five years, our economy has been growing rapidly.

9. drastically Secondly, during the last week alone, our stock exchange index were improving drastically and our Rupiah was strengthening [against US dollar] as well. 10. strengthening Secondly, during the last week alone, our stock

exchange index were improving drastically and our Rupiah was strengthening [against US dollar] as well.

11. growing With the growing economy, the welfare of our people was developing also, including the execution of poverty and unemployment eradication programs, which I usually mention as the Pro-People Program.

12. welfare With the growing economy, the welfare of our people was developing also, including the execution of poverty and unemployment eradication programs, which I usually mention as the Pro-People Program.

Figure 1. The Thesis of SBY’s Speech

Thesis

SBY greets the audience and shows his condolences. (par. 1-2)

SBY informs the impact of the bombing for the government and the citizen. (par. 3-5)

Figure 2. The Argument of SBY’s Speech

Figure 3. The Recommendation of SBY’s Speech

Argument

SBY shows his early moves which is the response to the bombing. (par. 6-14)

SBY shows intelligence report. (par. 10)

SBY shows his achievements while leading Indonesia. (par 15-20)

Recommendation

SBY persuades the audience to be more aware of any kind of terrorism or suspicious action around them. (par. 21-23)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Persuading is something that often happens in our daily life. Normally, people like persuading other people. We cannot specify what the purpose of the persuading is, but people must do it with their own goals. There must be one kind of goal that comes from persuading to make the people who are persuaded do what the persuader wants.

Every person uses their own way of persuading and every person also understands what is being persuaded with their own way of thinking too. One persuasion can make a lot of interpretations and it depends on the person who is being persuaded too. Thus, it is necessary for people to be more critical about what is being persuaded to them to prevent any wrong interpretation.

There are many kinds of strategies to persuade people. It depends on the condition, the listener and also the status of the person. Speech is an effective way to persuade people; especially if the speech is given by an important person. Yet,

it is normal that sometimes the message of the persuasion is implicitly conveyed in a speech.

Looking at this phenomenon, I am interested in analyzing the way people persuade others, especially when they are using a speech. I am trying to find out what is implicitly recorded inside and what the speaker wants.

In politics and society, image is a substantial point for the citizen to consider their choices. A good image can bring the politician to the glory, while a bad image on their opponent can bring their rival down. We can see that these good and bad images were built in their speeches.

In Linguistics, we can analyze this in Discourse Analysis. Discourse has more global meanings than just the meaning of words and sentences. Topics represent the gist or the most important information of a discourse. In discourse we learn about the emphasis on the good things of the self and the bad things of the other, and the de-emphasizing of the self’s bad things and the other’s good things. (van Dijk 45)

In this thesis I would like to analyze Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s speech. The speech was actually delivered in Bahasa Indonesia, but The Jakarta Globe gave the transcription in English, so their readers who mainly use English can understand the content of the speech. The Jakarta Globe is an English-language newspaper which is published six days a week. It was founded in November 2008. (“The Jakarta Globe”)

The speech was delivered by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Jakarta on 17th July 2009. Susilo Bambang

Yudhoyono gave a speech about the bombings that happened on that date as a condolence to the bombing victims and all Indonesian people.

I decide to analyze the micro level analysis based on van Dijk’s theory, rather than do the whole Critical Discourse Analysis. In this way I can focus more only on the micro level analysis to produce a much deeper analysis. In the micro level analysis, I only choose to analyze the representation of the positive self of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono because of the word limitation.

I am interested in knowing how Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono represented himself in the moment when he delivered the speech. At that time, the pair of candidates, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Boediono is the current leaders in number of voters. They led dominantly but there was still a possibility that another pair of candidates could join them in the second round of the election if the couple could not reach the minimum percentage. The other pairs of candidates were Megawati Soekarnoputri with Prabowo Subianto and Jusuf Kalla with Wiranto.

I am curious to find out whether Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono used the speech merely for expressing his condolences or actually using it for building a positive self-presentation about himself. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono might not want to take any risk if the second round of the presidential election must proceed. I believe the topic is significant because through reading a text analysis, readers can sharpen their critical way of thinking, not only for an academic interest but also for daily life. It is also beneficial for students of the English Department. They can get a deeper understanding of a speech that is analyzed

using van Dijk’s theory, especially for those who take a concentration on discourse analysis.

(722 words)

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In this thesis, I would like to discuss the following problems:

1. Based on the macrostructure analysis, how do the global topics of the speech show the positive self-presentation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono? 2. Based on the microstructure analysis, how does lexicon help reveal the

representation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono?

3. Based on the superstructure analysis, how is the information of the representation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono organized in the speech?

1.3 Purpose of the Study

The purposes of this analysis are as follows:

1. To find out how the global topics of the speech show the positive self-presentation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono based on the macrostructure analysis.

2. To find out how lexicon helps reveal the representation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono based on the microstructure analysis.

3. To find out how the information of the representation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is organized in the speech based on the superstructure analysis.

1.4 Method of Research

First, I searched for a speech that would be the object of my research. I also browsed some information which was related to the speech. After that, I read some theories about Discourse Analysis. Next, I started the analysis. Finally, I wrote the research report.

1.5 Organization of the thesis

The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the Introduction, which consists of the Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Purpose of the Study, Method of Research, and Organization of the Thesis. Chapter Two contains the Theoretical Framework. Chapter Three is the analysis of the data. The last chapter, Chapter Four, is the conclusion of all the analysis. I put the Bibliography and Appendix at the end of my thesis.

CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION

In this last chapter, I will put forward my personal opinion or comments on the findings that I have got concerning the positive self-presentation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in his speech.

According to the macrostructure analysis that I make, I find that SBY is telling all Indonesian people to be alert and more careful about terrorism. What is interesting from this part is SBY’s main topic of his speech to present this, his care of the citizens or his people. It is a good thing to know that the leader of the country really cares about the security of his people. He informed his people the things that he has done which are the preventive moves to the bombing event.

What is lacking in the macrostructure that SBY delivers is the content of the speech is not really related to the macrostructure part. He did not give the detailed explanation about the things that he already informed in the macrostructure part. Although we know that we do not need to know the very detail of the moves that SBY will do, because it is a top secret mission and also includes some military plan inside of it. However, the citizens must expect that the

content of the speech was not far from the macrostructure part. On the contrary, it is not fulfilled. SBY delivered something different.

In the microstructure, SBY tries to show the strong relationship between the society and him. On top of that, from the microstructure analysis I find that SBY revealing himself as a country leader who loves his people and country. SBY takes some words that lead people to understand that he loves his people and country. For example, the word love. Maybe this word is a common word that people use in their speech. Still, if someone forgets to use this word, it could be crucial.

SBY greets his people by showing that he loves his people by using the word love. He tries to build a strong relationship with his people. With this way of starting a speech, I think he is doing something smart. This is because by doing this, he builds a strong relationship first before giving a speech.

Another finding that is interesting for me is the use of the word personally. He builds a strong relationship with his people by showing that he himself wants to go to the bombing place. SBY does not want his visit to be represented by the vice president, chief of police, or anyone else. It is a brave move from SBY.

The weak point of this part is that he uses too many words to show his strong relationship between him and his people. He also uses too many words to show his condolences. Moreover, he too often shows his achievements and representing himself as the main target of the terrorism. As we can see in the reality that if he had been the real main target of terrorism, why would the terrorist not have done the bombings in the place which is near or related to the president’s

or government’s activity. I think it would be better if he focuses more on the moves that he will try to do for the reaction of this bombings.

In the superstructure analysis, I find that through the way of how the information is arranged, SBY is represented positively. It is good that he informs the detail about the bombing that happened at an important time. Thus, SBY can limit what people need to know and what is not. We also can see the behaviour of a good leader which SBY shows by persuading his people to be more aware of any kind of terrorism or suspicious action around them. I think it is a good preventive move to be advised to the citizens.

Yet, there is still some weakness of this part. He includes his achievement in this part which actually is not really needed to be mentioned. I think his preparation for the possibility of the second round of the presidential election makes him need to do this in this kind of “precious” situation.

Based on this finding, I find that the analysis consists of some positive things and also some negative things from SBY’s speech. I think there are some brilliant ways of thinking in delivering a speech that we can find in his speech. He can build a strong relationship and positive image by only giving a speech. He uses the right lexicon in the right place and using the right timing. Moreover, organises it very well.

On the other hand, if people analyse the speech, they can find some points that reveal the weakness of the speech, which cannot be known without further analysis because it is contained deep inside the speech. Moreover, we need to know about the condition when the speech was delivered because it influences our judgment of the representation of SBY in this speech.

My suggestion for further research in discourse or text analysis is to narrow the topic that will be analysed. Discourse analysis is a very broad topic and by narrowing down the topic into a text analysis, it would be more focused and detailed.

After narrowing the topic into a text analysis we need to really understand the speech or text that we would like to analyse. We need to have enough information about the people who delivered the speech (self), the second party

who is the “self” talks about (other) and also the situation, where and when the speech was delivered. By having this information, we can analyse the speech or text much better because we can understand the background of the speech.

The last but also one of the most important things that we need to have is the interest in doing this kind of analysis. If we did not have this kind of interest, it would be hard for us analyse it, because it needs a great effort to gather the information that we need and also to think and connect the things that happened or were mentioned in the speech.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Text:

Thejakartaglobe.com. SBY's Speech on the Jakarta Bombings: Full Text, 17 July 2009. Web. 19 February 2012.

References:

Gerot, Linda and Peter Wignell. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney: Antipodean Educational Enterprises, 1994.

Van Dijk, Teun A. Ideology and Discourse. Barcelona: Pompeu Fabra University, 2004.

Van Dijk, Teun A. Discourses.org. 17 May 2010

Dictionary References:

“Condemn.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Condolence.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Drastically.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Duty.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh

Edition. 2005. Print.

“Growing.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Instruct.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Love.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh

Edition. 2005. Print.

“Personal.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Rapidly.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Restrain.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Strengthening.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Welfare.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

content of the speech was not far from the macrostructure part. On the contrary, it is not fulfilled. SBY delivered something different.

In the microstructure, SBY tries to show the strong relationship between the society and him. On top of that, from the microstructure analysis I find that SBY revealing himself as a country leader who loves his people and country. SBY takes some words that lead people to understand that he loves his people and country. For example, the word love. Maybe this word is a common word that people use in their speech. Still, if someone forgets to use this word, it could be crucial.

SBY greets his people by showing that he loves his people by using the word love. He tries to build a strong relationship with his people. With this way of starting a speech, I think he is doing something smart. This is because by doing this, he builds a strong relationship first before giving a speech.

Another finding that is interesting for me is the use of the word personally. He builds a strong relationship with his people by showing that he himself wants to go to the bombing place. SBY does not want his visit to be represented by the vice president, chief of police, or anyone else. It is a brave move from SBY.

The weak point of this part is that he uses too many words to show his strong relationship between him and his people. He also uses too many words to show his condolences. Moreover, he too often shows his achievements and representing himself as the main target of the terrorism. As we can see in the reality that if he had been the real main target of terrorism, why would the terrorist not have done the bombings in the place which is near or related to the president’s

or government’s activity. I think it would be better if he focuses more on the moves that he will try to do for the reaction of this bombings.

In the superstructure analysis, I find that through the way of how the information is arranged, SBY is represented positively. It is good that he informs the detail about the bombing that happened at an important time. Thus, SBY can limit what people need to know and what is not. We also can see the behaviour of a good leader which SBY shows by persuading his people to be more aware of any kind of terrorism or suspicious action around them. I think it is a good preventive move to be advised to the citizens.

Yet, there is still some weakness of this part. He includes his achievement in this part which actually is not really needed to be mentioned. I think his preparation for the possibility of the second round of the presidential election makes him need to do this in this kind of “precious” situation.

Based on this finding, I find that the analysis consists of some positive things and also some negative things from SBY’s speech. I think there are some brilliant ways of thinking in delivering a speech that we can find in his speech. He can build a strong relationship and positive image by only giving a speech. He uses the right lexicon in the right place and using the right timing. Moreover, organises it very well.

On the other hand, if people analyse the speech, they can find some points that reveal the weakness of the speech, which cannot be known without further analysis because it is contained deep inside the speech. Moreover, we need to

My suggestion for further research in discourse or text analysis is to narrow the topic that will be analysed. Discourse analysis is a very broad topic and by narrowing down the topic into a text analysis, it would be more focused and detailed.

After narrowing the topic into a text analysis we need to really understand the speech or text that we would like to analyse. We need to have enough information about the people who delivered the speech (self), the second party who is the “self” talks about (other) and also the situation, where and when the speech was delivered. By having this information, we can analyse the speech or text much better because we can understand the background of the speech.

The last but also one of the most important things that we need to have is the interest in doing this kind of analysis. If we did not have this kind of interest, it would be hard for us analyse it, because it needs a great effort to gather the information that we need and also to think and connect the things that happened or were mentioned in the speech.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Text:

Thejakartaglobe.com. SBY's Speech on the Jakarta Bombings: Full Text, 17 July 2009. Web. 19 February 2012.

References:

Gerot, Linda and Peter Wignell. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney: Antipodean Educational Enterprises, 1994.

Van Dijk, Teun A. Ideology and Discourse. Barcelona: Pompeu Fabra University, 2004.

Van Dijk, Teun A. Discourses.org. 17 May 2010

Dictionary References:

“Condemn.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Condolence.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Drastically.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Duty.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Growing.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Instruct.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Love.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Personal.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Rapidly.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Restrain.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Strengthening.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.

“Welfare.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.