THE EXPRESSION OF COMMAND USED IN TINTIN COMIC MANUSCRIPT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY The Expression Of Command Used In Tintin Comic Manuscript: A Pragmatic Study.
THE EXPRESSION OF COMMAND USED IN TINTIN COMIC
MANUSCRIPT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY
Research Paper
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Written by:
DEVI PARBANINGRUM
A 320 090 041
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
ACCEPTANCE
THE EXPRESSION OF COMMAIID USED IN TINr/^rCOMICS
MANUSCRIPT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY
by
DEVI PARBANINGRUM
NrM A 320 090 041
Accepted by the Board of Examiners
The School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On June ,2013
Team of examiners:
l.
Drs. Agus Wijayanto, M.A.,Ph.D
Chair person
2.
Dra. Siti ZuhriyahAriatmi, M. Hum
Secretary
3.
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum
Member
MOTTO
“The person who doesn’t make mistakes is unlikely to make anything”
(Paul Arden)
“Studying is like a payment for getting a guarantee in your future”
(The writer)
“The painful that I had is the power that I use”
(The writer)
“Delaying your action is delaying your future”
(The writer)
v
DEDICATION
This study is dedicated to:
My mother Lagiyanti and my father Hadi
My little brother Yoga
The
Suparjo
Aldi Saputra
Apple in my eye
My
friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Aassalamualaikum Wr.Wb.
Alhamdullilahirabbil ‘alamin. Thanks a lot to Allah SWT for the blessing so that the
writer could finish this study as a requirement to get the bachelor degree in
Department of English Education, Teacher Training and Education Faculty,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer would not be able to finish this
study without the support from some people around her. So, she would like to express
her thanksfull and her respect to:
1. Dra. Ning Setyaningsih, M.Si, as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training
and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, as the Head of English Department for the
permit of this research
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D, as the first research consultant who has guided and
advises her during the arrangement of research paper from the beginning until
the end.
vii
4. Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum , as the second consultant who has
guided and advises her during the arrangement of research paper from the
beginning until the end.
5. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd, M.Hum, as the Academic Consultant of Teacher
Training and Education.
6. All the lectures, administrative staffs and friends in the English Department of
Sebelas Maret University for all the assistance so that the writer could do all
the things during her learning in the Department.
7. The sincerest respects and thanks are directed to the beloved writer’s parents
and her little brother.
8. A special thanks for the apple in her eyes who supports her as a long as the
writer needs Nasib W.W.
9. A great thanks are directed to the her brothers who support and give the
attentions to her so that the writer becomes better Hanggara Putra P, Jefri Indra S,
and Mayga F.
10. Great thanks are also directed to The Great Team who become her new sisters
and brothers Rani, Nurcahyani, Embun, Lina, Nuri, Ummi, Difi, Aditya, Erick, Alief, Maymay,
Hanggara, Righi, and Nasib.
11. Thanks a lot to her friends from Teratai Putri boarding house and her other
friends who accompany the writer so that the writer never be lonely (Didin, Iyka
W, Susan-ti, Ting- ting, Pepong, Tyas, Meryn, Mumun, Ayuk, etc)
viii
SUMMARY
DEVI PARBANINGRUM. A320090041. THE EXPRESSION OF COMMAND
USED IN TINTIN COMIC MANUSCRIPT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2013
The aim of this study is to describe the pragmalinguistic forms, the speaker
intentions, and the politeness strategy of commanding used in Tintin comic
manuscript volume 1 Tintin in the Congo by Herge 2007. This study uses descriptive
qualitative method. The data were the written text of commanding utterance used in
Tintin comic volume 1 especially Tintin in the Congo by Herge 2007. The data of
pragmalinguitic forms were analyzed by Marcella Frank, the intentions were analyzed
by Searle’s theory, and the politeness strategies were analyzed by Brown and
Levinson. The research finding showed that there are two kinds of directive utterance:
other-directed command and self-directed command used in Tintin comic. The
linguitics form of them are declarative, positive imperative, negative imperative,
imperative using Let’s, interrogative, and combination. The intentions of them are
assuring, asking a caution, asking a help, asking to take a rest, asking to pay for
attention, asking to be in focus, arranging strategy, continuing adventure, extracting
information, explaining, getting angry, motivating, persuading, permitting,
prohibiting, to be in a hurry, resolving peacefully, warning, asking to be in focus and
worrying. As for politeness strategy, the other-directed command uses both bald-on
record and positive politeness, and the self-directed command only uses bald-on
record.
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D)
(Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum)
NIK. 978
NIK. 225
Dean of
School of Teacher Training and Education
(Dra. Setyaningsih, M.Si)
NIK. 403
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITTLE ......................................................................................................................i
APPROVAL...............................................................................................................ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................................iii
TESTIMONY.............................................................................................................iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................................v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .........................................................................................ix
SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .............................................................1
B. The Scope of Study .....................................................................3
C. Problem Statement .....................................................................4
D.Objective of the Study .................................................................4
E. Significant of the Study ...............................................................4
F. Research Paper Organization .......................................................5
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics ..................................................................................6
B. Speech Acts ................................................................................7
1. Austin......................................................................................8
2. Searle .....................................................................................10
C. Directive Utterance......................................................................11
xi
D. Command ....................................................................................12
E. Previous Study.............................................................................13
F. Politeness .....................................................................................17
1. Bald On Record .....................................................................17
2. Positive Politeness ..................................................................18
3. Negative Politeness .................................................................21
4. Off Record ..............................................................................23
G. Linguistic Forms..........................................................................23
1. Word ......................................................................................23
2. Phrase .....................................................................................23
3. Clause ....................................................................................24
4. Sentence .................................................................................24
H. Comic .........................................................................................25
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD
A. Types of Study ............................................................................27
B. Object of Study ...........................................................................27
C. Data Source .................................................................................27
D. Method of Collecting Data .........................................................28
E. Method of Analazing Data .........................................................28
CHAPTER IV : DATA ANALYSIS, RESEARCH FINDING, AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .............................................................................30
1. Forms of Other-Directed Command ......................................30
2. The Intention of Other-Directed Command ..........................42
xii
3. Politeness Strategy Used in Other-Directed Command .........68
4. Form of Self-Directed Command ..........................................79
5. The Intention of Self-Directed Command .............................82
6. Politeness Strategy Used in Self-Directed Command ...........86
B. Research Finding ........................................................................89
C. Discussion of the Findings .........................................................91
1. Pragmalinguistic Form ...........................................................91
2. Speaker Intention ...................................................................93
3. Politeness Strategy .................................................................94
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ..................................................................................97
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................98
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
MANUSCRIPT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY
Research Paper
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Written by:
DEVI PARBANINGRUM
A 320 090 041
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
ACCEPTANCE
THE EXPRESSION OF COMMAIID USED IN TINr/^rCOMICS
MANUSCRIPT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY
by
DEVI PARBANINGRUM
NrM A 320 090 041
Accepted by the Board of Examiners
The School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On June ,2013
Team of examiners:
l.
Drs. Agus Wijayanto, M.A.,Ph.D
Chair person
2.
Dra. Siti ZuhriyahAriatmi, M. Hum
Secretary
3.
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum
Member
MOTTO
“The person who doesn’t make mistakes is unlikely to make anything”
(Paul Arden)
“Studying is like a payment for getting a guarantee in your future”
(The writer)
“The painful that I had is the power that I use”
(The writer)
“Delaying your action is delaying your future”
(The writer)
v
DEDICATION
This study is dedicated to:
My mother Lagiyanti and my father Hadi
My little brother Yoga
The
Suparjo
Aldi Saputra
Apple in my eye
My
friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Aassalamualaikum Wr.Wb.
Alhamdullilahirabbil ‘alamin. Thanks a lot to Allah SWT for the blessing so that the
writer could finish this study as a requirement to get the bachelor degree in
Department of English Education, Teacher Training and Education Faculty,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer would not be able to finish this
study without the support from some people around her. So, she would like to express
her thanksfull and her respect to:
1. Dra. Ning Setyaningsih, M.Si, as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training
and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, as the Head of English Department for the
permit of this research
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D, as the first research consultant who has guided and
advises her during the arrangement of research paper from the beginning until
the end.
vii
4. Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum , as the second consultant who has
guided and advises her during the arrangement of research paper from the
beginning until the end.
5. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd, M.Hum, as the Academic Consultant of Teacher
Training and Education.
6. All the lectures, administrative staffs and friends in the English Department of
Sebelas Maret University for all the assistance so that the writer could do all
the things during her learning in the Department.
7. The sincerest respects and thanks are directed to the beloved writer’s parents
and her little brother.
8. A special thanks for the apple in her eyes who supports her as a long as the
writer needs Nasib W.W.
9. A great thanks are directed to the her brothers who support and give the
attentions to her so that the writer becomes better Hanggara Putra P, Jefri Indra S,
and Mayga F.
10. Great thanks are also directed to The Great Team who become her new sisters
and brothers Rani, Nurcahyani, Embun, Lina, Nuri, Ummi, Difi, Aditya, Erick, Alief, Maymay,
Hanggara, Righi, and Nasib.
11. Thanks a lot to her friends from Teratai Putri boarding house and her other
friends who accompany the writer so that the writer never be lonely (Didin, Iyka
W, Susan-ti, Ting- ting, Pepong, Tyas, Meryn, Mumun, Ayuk, etc)
viii
SUMMARY
DEVI PARBANINGRUM. A320090041. THE EXPRESSION OF COMMAND
USED IN TINTIN COMIC MANUSCRIPT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2013
The aim of this study is to describe the pragmalinguistic forms, the speaker
intentions, and the politeness strategy of commanding used in Tintin comic
manuscript volume 1 Tintin in the Congo by Herge 2007. This study uses descriptive
qualitative method. The data were the written text of commanding utterance used in
Tintin comic volume 1 especially Tintin in the Congo by Herge 2007. The data of
pragmalinguitic forms were analyzed by Marcella Frank, the intentions were analyzed
by Searle’s theory, and the politeness strategies were analyzed by Brown and
Levinson. The research finding showed that there are two kinds of directive utterance:
other-directed command and self-directed command used in Tintin comic. The
linguitics form of them are declarative, positive imperative, negative imperative,
imperative using Let’s, interrogative, and combination. The intentions of them are
assuring, asking a caution, asking a help, asking to take a rest, asking to pay for
attention, asking to be in focus, arranging strategy, continuing adventure, extracting
information, explaining, getting angry, motivating, persuading, permitting,
prohibiting, to be in a hurry, resolving peacefully, warning, asking to be in focus and
worrying. As for politeness strategy, the other-directed command uses both bald-on
record and positive politeness, and the self-directed command only uses bald-on
record.
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D)
(Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ariatmi, M. Hum)
NIK. 978
NIK. 225
Dean of
School of Teacher Training and Education
(Dra. Setyaningsih, M.Si)
NIK. 403
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITTLE ......................................................................................................................i
APPROVAL...............................................................................................................ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................................iii
TESTIMONY.............................................................................................................iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................................v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .........................................................................................ix
SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .............................................................1
B. The Scope of Study .....................................................................3
C. Problem Statement .....................................................................4
D.Objective of the Study .................................................................4
E. Significant of the Study ...............................................................4
F. Research Paper Organization .......................................................5
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics ..................................................................................6
B. Speech Acts ................................................................................7
1. Austin......................................................................................8
2. Searle .....................................................................................10
C. Directive Utterance......................................................................11
xi
D. Command ....................................................................................12
E. Previous Study.............................................................................13
F. Politeness .....................................................................................17
1. Bald On Record .....................................................................17
2. Positive Politeness ..................................................................18
3. Negative Politeness .................................................................21
4. Off Record ..............................................................................23
G. Linguistic Forms..........................................................................23
1. Word ......................................................................................23
2. Phrase .....................................................................................23
3. Clause ....................................................................................24
4. Sentence .................................................................................24
H. Comic .........................................................................................25
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD
A. Types of Study ............................................................................27
B. Object of Study ...........................................................................27
C. Data Source .................................................................................27
D. Method of Collecting Data .........................................................28
E. Method of Analazing Data .........................................................28
CHAPTER IV : DATA ANALYSIS, RESEARCH FINDING, AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .............................................................................30
1. Forms of Other-Directed Command ......................................30
2. The Intention of Other-Directed Command ..........................42
xii
3. Politeness Strategy Used in Other-Directed Command .........68
4. Form of Self-Directed Command ..........................................79
5. The Intention of Self-Directed Command .............................82
6. Politeness Strategy Used in Self-Directed Command ...........86
B. Research Finding ........................................................................89
C. Discussion of the Findings .........................................................91
1. Pragmalinguistic Form ...........................................................91
2. Speaker Intention ...................................................................93
3. Politeness Strategy .................................................................94
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ..................................................................................97
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................98
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii