AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM ENTITLED âTHE GODS MUST BE CRAZYâ AND ITS IMPLICATION ON TEACHING SPEAKING.
AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM
ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION
ON TEACHING SPEAKING
THESIS
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI
K 2210075
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
i
PRONOUNCEMENT
I would like to certify that the thesis entitled “AN ANALYSIS ON
COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM ENTITLED “THE GODS
MUST
BE
CRAZY”
AND
ITS
IMPLICATION
ON
TEACHING
SPEAKING” is really my own work. It is not a product of plagiarism or made by
others. Everything related to others’ works is written in quotation, the sources of
which are listed on the bibliography.
If then, this pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to receive any
academic punishment.
ii
AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM
ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION
ON TEACHING SPEAKING
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI
K 2210075
Thesis
Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University to fulfill one of requirements for obtaining the Undergraduate
Degree in English Education
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
iii
iv
v
ABSTRACT
Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analysis on Commissive Utterances in the
Film Entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and Its Implication on Teaching
Speaking. Thesis. English Department. Teacher Training and Education
Faculty. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta.
This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The sources of the data
are the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and its transcript.
The aims of this research are 1) to find out the types of commissive
utterances used by the characters in the film entitled “The God Must be Crazy”, 2)
to describe how the characters use the strategy in uttering commissive utterances,
and 3) to describe the context of situation in which each commissive utterance is
used by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy”. To achieve
the aims, the data are analyzed using (1) Austin’s three acts to infer the
illocutionary act of each utterance, (2) Searle’s theory to identify the type of the
commissive utterances, and (3) Beebe et al. and Charter’s theories to describe the
strategy in employing the commissive utterances. The writer also uses
Ethnography of Communication with SPEAKING formula as the guideline to
describe the context of situation.
The findings of this research are 1) the types of commissive utterances
employed by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” are
promise, refusal, threat, and offer; 2) most of characters in the film entitled “The
Gods Must be Crazy” use indirect speech acts in general, and in employing
commissive utterances, most of the characters uses explanation, excuse or reason
in employing refusals, using If-then in employing threat, using interrogative with
modal and justification in employing offers; 3) the factors like social status of the
interlocutors, the relationship between the participants, and the situation when the
conversation occurs do influence the way of the characters in the film entitled “the
Gods Must be Crazy” in choosing the strategy of employing the utterances.
Keywords: pragmatic, speech act, commissive
vi
ABSTRAK
Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analisis pada Ungkapan Komisif dalam
Film yang Berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan Implikasinya dalam
Pengajaran Speaking. Skripsi. Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data yang
digunakan adalah film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan beserta
transkripnya.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui jenis-jenis komisif yang
digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”, 2)
mendeskripsikan bagaimana karakter menggunakan strategi dalam pengucapan
ungkapan komisif, dan 3) mendeskripsikan konteks situasi dimana ungkapan
komisif digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”.
Untuk mencapai tujuan, data dianalisis menggunakan tiga tindak tutur Austin
untuk menyimpulkan ilokusi ungkapan, teori Searle untuk mengidentifikasi jenis
ungkapan komisif, dan teori Beebe, dkk. dan Charter untuk mendeskripsikan
strategi dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif. Penulis juga menggunakan
Etnografi Komunikasi dengan formula SPEAKING sebagai panduan untuk
mendeskripsikan konteks situasi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) jenis-jenis ungkapan komisif yang
digunakan oleh karakter film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” adalah
berjanji, menolak, mengancam, dan menawarkan; 2) karakter dalam film berjudul
“The Gods Must be Crazy” menggunakan tindak tutur tidak langsung secara
umum, dan dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif, para karakter paling banyak
menggunakan penjelasan atau alasan dalam menggunakan penolakan, memakai Ifthen dalam menggunakan pengancaman, dan memakai interogatif dengan kata
bantu dan justifikasi dalam menggunakan penawaran; 3) faktor-faktor seperti
status sosial teman bicara, hubungan antara partisipan, dan situasi ketika
pembicaraan terjadi mempengaruhi cara karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods
Must be Crazy” dalam memilih strategi penggunaan ungkapan.
Kata kunci: pragmatik, tindak tutur, komisif
vii
MOTTO
“…(Do) not grieve, indeed Allah (is) with us…”
(Quran Surah At-Taubah, verse 40)
“Man proposes, God disposes.”
(Midorima Shintarou)
viii
DEDICATION
I gratefully dedicated this research paper to:
ix
My beloved mother and father
My beloved sister
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin
All praises be to Allah SWT, for His blessing that the writer is able to
finish this thesis as one of the requirements for achieving Undergraduate Degree
in English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty,
Sebelas Maret University. The writer believes that many people have given
support to her in completing this thesis, and she would like to express her greatest
gratitude to the following:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University for his permission to write this thesis.
2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Sebelas Maret University for his permission to write this thesis.
3. Dr. Suparno, M. Pd., the first consultant, for all his guidance, critics,
comments, and his patience in guiding the writer from the beginning to the
completion of this thesis.
4. Kristiandi, S.S., M.A., the second consultant, for his extra time to read this
thesis in details, advice, and patience to make this thesis better.
5. All the lecturers, administrative staff, and friends in English Department of
Sebelas Maret University for the assistance so the writer could all the
things during her learning in English Department.
6. Her beloved mother and father, for their great love, prayer, and all
supports that they give for the entire writer’s life.
7. Her sisters, Ajeng, and also her cousin, Mbak Desi, for the prayer and
supports.
8. Her close friends, Nadia, Tuni, Vinda, Nina, Yulia, Septi, Tetin, for the
encouragement.
9. Her family in Damai 1 Boarding House: Apin, Mbak Aji, Nurul, Sri, Septi,
Mahar, and others.
10. Paramama’s members: Nurhaa, Inna, and Mbak Tiwik for the joy, laugh,
and enjoyable music we share.
x
11. Kakak, Mas Zuhdi, thanks for the great help in solving the writer’s
problem about her laptop and stuffs.
12. All members of English Department, especially ED ’10, thanks for the
time we have spent.
Realizing that this thesis is far from being perfect, the writer would be
very pleased for all the suggestion, criticism, and comment on this thesis better.
The writer hopes that his thesis will give some knowledge to everyone who read it.
Surakarta,
March 2015
Rizqi Arum Prastuti
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................... ii
TITLE .............................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS ................................................................. iv
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS ................................................. v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... vii
MOTTO ......................................................................................................... viii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
A. Background of Study ............................................................. 1
B. Problem Limitation ................................................................ 4
C. Problem Statements ............................................................... 4
D. The Objectives of the Study ................................................... 5
E. The Significance of the Study ................................................ 5
CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL REVIEW ........................................................ 6
A. Sociolinguistics ..................................................................... 6
1. The Notion of Sociolinguistics ........................................ 6
2. The Scope of Sociolinguistics ......................................... 7
B. Social Dimension in Communication ..................................... 8
C. Pragmatics ........................................................................... 10
D. Speech Acts ......................................................................... 11
1. Definition of Speech Acts ............................................. 11
xii
2. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts .................................... 12
3. Classification of Speech Acts ........................................ 13
E. Commissives ....................................................................... 21
F. Context ................................................................................ 25
G. Film ..................................................................................... 27
1. The Notion of Film ....................................................... 27
2. Synopsis of “The Gods Must be Crazy” ........................ 28
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................ 30
A. Type of Research ................................................................. 30
B. Data and Source of Data ...................................................... 30
C. Sample and Sampling Technique ......................................... 31
D. Equipment of the Research .................................................. 31
E. Technique of Collecting Data .............................................. 31
F. Technique of Coding Data ................................................... 32
G. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................. 33
H. Trustworthiness ................................................................... 34
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ....................... 35
A. Introduction .......................................................................... 35
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................... 35
C. Discussion ........................................................................... 64
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ......... 73
A. Conclusion .......................................................................... 73
B. Implication .......................................................................... 74
C. Suggestion ........................................................................... 74
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 90
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 93
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
1. The script of “The Gods Must be Crazy” film.
2. Research data of commissives.
3. Legalization.
xiv
AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM
ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION
ON TEACHING SPEAKING
THESIS
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI
K 2210075
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
i
PRONOUNCEMENT
I would like to certify that the thesis entitled “AN ANALYSIS ON
COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM ENTITLED “THE GODS
MUST
BE
CRAZY”
AND
ITS
IMPLICATION
ON
TEACHING
SPEAKING” is really my own work. It is not a product of plagiarism or made by
others. Everything related to others’ works is written in quotation, the sources of
which are listed on the bibliography.
If then, this pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to receive any
academic punishment.
ii
AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM
ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION
ON TEACHING SPEAKING
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI
K 2210075
Thesis
Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University to fulfill one of requirements for obtaining the Undergraduate
Degree in English Education
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
iii
iv
v
ABSTRACT
Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analysis on Commissive Utterances in the
Film Entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and Its Implication on Teaching
Speaking. Thesis. English Department. Teacher Training and Education
Faculty. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta.
This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The sources of the data
are the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and its transcript.
The aims of this research are 1) to find out the types of commissive
utterances used by the characters in the film entitled “The God Must be Crazy”, 2)
to describe how the characters use the strategy in uttering commissive utterances,
and 3) to describe the context of situation in which each commissive utterance is
used by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy”. To achieve
the aims, the data are analyzed using (1) Austin’s three acts to infer the
illocutionary act of each utterance, (2) Searle’s theory to identify the type of the
commissive utterances, and (3) Beebe et al. and Charter’s theories to describe the
strategy in employing the commissive utterances. The writer also uses
Ethnography of Communication with SPEAKING formula as the guideline to
describe the context of situation.
The findings of this research are 1) the types of commissive utterances
employed by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” are
promise, refusal, threat, and offer; 2) most of characters in the film entitled “The
Gods Must be Crazy” use indirect speech acts in general, and in employing
commissive utterances, most of the characters uses explanation, excuse or reason
in employing refusals, using If-then in employing threat, using interrogative with
modal and justification in employing offers; 3) the factors like social status of the
interlocutors, the relationship between the participants, and the situation when the
conversation occurs do influence the way of the characters in the film entitled “the
Gods Must be Crazy” in choosing the strategy of employing the utterances.
Keywords: pragmatic, speech act, commissive
vi
ABSTRAK
Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analisis pada Ungkapan Komisif dalam
Film yang Berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan Implikasinya dalam
Pengajaran Speaking. Skripsi. Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data yang
digunakan adalah film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan beserta
transkripnya.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui jenis-jenis komisif yang
digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”, 2)
mendeskripsikan bagaimana karakter menggunakan strategi dalam pengucapan
ungkapan komisif, dan 3) mendeskripsikan konteks situasi dimana ungkapan
komisif digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”.
Untuk mencapai tujuan, data dianalisis menggunakan tiga tindak tutur Austin
untuk menyimpulkan ilokusi ungkapan, teori Searle untuk mengidentifikasi jenis
ungkapan komisif, dan teori Beebe, dkk. dan Charter untuk mendeskripsikan
strategi dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif. Penulis juga menggunakan
Etnografi Komunikasi dengan formula SPEAKING sebagai panduan untuk
mendeskripsikan konteks situasi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) jenis-jenis ungkapan komisif yang
digunakan oleh karakter film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” adalah
berjanji, menolak, mengancam, dan menawarkan; 2) karakter dalam film berjudul
“The Gods Must be Crazy” menggunakan tindak tutur tidak langsung secara
umum, dan dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif, para karakter paling banyak
menggunakan penjelasan atau alasan dalam menggunakan penolakan, memakai Ifthen dalam menggunakan pengancaman, dan memakai interogatif dengan kata
bantu dan justifikasi dalam menggunakan penawaran; 3) faktor-faktor seperti
status sosial teman bicara, hubungan antara partisipan, dan situasi ketika
pembicaraan terjadi mempengaruhi cara karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods
Must be Crazy” dalam memilih strategi penggunaan ungkapan.
Kata kunci: pragmatik, tindak tutur, komisif
vii
MOTTO
“…(Do) not grieve, indeed Allah (is) with us…”
(Quran Surah At-Taubah, verse 40)
“Man proposes, God disposes.”
(Midorima Shintarou)
viii
DEDICATION
I gratefully dedicated this research paper to:
ix
My beloved mother and father
My beloved sister
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin
All praises be to Allah SWT, for His blessing that the writer is able to
finish this thesis as one of the requirements for achieving Undergraduate Degree
in English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty,
Sebelas Maret University. The writer believes that many people have given
support to her in completing this thesis, and she would like to express her greatest
gratitude to the following:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University for his permission to write this thesis.
2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Sebelas Maret University for his permission to write this thesis.
3. Dr. Suparno, M. Pd., the first consultant, for all his guidance, critics,
comments, and his patience in guiding the writer from the beginning to the
completion of this thesis.
4. Kristiandi, S.S., M.A., the second consultant, for his extra time to read this
thesis in details, advice, and patience to make this thesis better.
5. All the lecturers, administrative staff, and friends in English Department of
Sebelas Maret University for the assistance so the writer could all the
things during her learning in English Department.
6. Her beloved mother and father, for their great love, prayer, and all
supports that they give for the entire writer’s life.
7. Her sisters, Ajeng, and also her cousin, Mbak Desi, for the prayer and
supports.
8. Her close friends, Nadia, Tuni, Vinda, Nina, Yulia, Septi, Tetin, for the
encouragement.
9. Her family in Damai 1 Boarding House: Apin, Mbak Aji, Nurul, Sri, Septi,
Mahar, and others.
10. Paramama’s members: Nurhaa, Inna, and Mbak Tiwik for the joy, laugh,
and enjoyable music we share.
x
11. Kakak, Mas Zuhdi, thanks for the great help in solving the writer’s
problem about her laptop and stuffs.
12. All members of English Department, especially ED ’10, thanks for the
time we have spent.
Realizing that this thesis is far from being perfect, the writer would be
very pleased for all the suggestion, criticism, and comment on this thesis better.
The writer hopes that his thesis will give some knowledge to everyone who read it.
Surakarta,
March 2015
Rizqi Arum Prastuti
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................... ii
TITLE .............................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS ................................................................. iv
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS ................................................. v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... vii
MOTTO ......................................................................................................... viii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
A. Background of Study ............................................................. 1
B. Problem Limitation ................................................................ 4
C. Problem Statements ............................................................... 4
D. The Objectives of the Study ................................................... 5
E. The Significance of the Study ................................................ 5
CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL REVIEW ........................................................ 6
A. Sociolinguistics ..................................................................... 6
1. The Notion of Sociolinguistics ........................................ 6
2. The Scope of Sociolinguistics ......................................... 7
B. Social Dimension in Communication ..................................... 8
C. Pragmatics ........................................................................... 10
D. Speech Acts ......................................................................... 11
1. Definition of Speech Acts ............................................. 11
xii
2. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts .................................... 12
3. Classification of Speech Acts ........................................ 13
E. Commissives ....................................................................... 21
F. Context ................................................................................ 25
G. Film ..................................................................................... 27
1. The Notion of Film ....................................................... 27
2. Synopsis of “The Gods Must be Crazy” ........................ 28
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................ 30
A. Type of Research ................................................................. 30
B. Data and Source of Data ...................................................... 30
C. Sample and Sampling Technique ......................................... 31
D. Equipment of the Research .................................................. 31
E. Technique of Collecting Data .............................................. 31
F. Technique of Coding Data ................................................... 32
G. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................. 33
H. Trustworthiness ................................................................... 34
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ....................... 35
A. Introduction .......................................................................... 35
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................... 35
C. Discussion ........................................................................... 64
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ......... 73
A. Conclusion .......................................................................... 73
B. Implication .......................................................................... 74
C. Suggestion ........................................................................... 74
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 90
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 93
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
1. The script of “The Gods Must be Crazy” film.
2. Research data of commissives.
3. Legalization.
xiv
ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION
ON TEACHING SPEAKING
THESIS
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI
K 2210075
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
i
PRONOUNCEMENT
I would like to certify that the thesis entitled “AN ANALYSIS ON
COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM ENTITLED “THE GODS
MUST
BE
CRAZY”
AND
ITS
IMPLICATION
ON
TEACHING
SPEAKING” is really my own work. It is not a product of plagiarism or made by
others. Everything related to others’ works is written in quotation, the sources of
which are listed on the bibliography.
If then, this pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to receive any
academic punishment.
ii
AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM
ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION
ON TEACHING SPEAKING
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI
K 2210075
Thesis
Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University to fulfill one of requirements for obtaining the Undergraduate
Degree in English Education
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
iii
iv
v
ABSTRACT
Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analysis on Commissive Utterances in the
Film Entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and Its Implication on Teaching
Speaking. Thesis. English Department. Teacher Training and Education
Faculty. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta.
This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The sources of the data
are the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and its transcript.
The aims of this research are 1) to find out the types of commissive
utterances used by the characters in the film entitled “The God Must be Crazy”, 2)
to describe how the characters use the strategy in uttering commissive utterances,
and 3) to describe the context of situation in which each commissive utterance is
used by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy”. To achieve
the aims, the data are analyzed using (1) Austin’s three acts to infer the
illocutionary act of each utterance, (2) Searle’s theory to identify the type of the
commissive utterances, and (3) Beebe et al. and Charter’s theories to describe the
strategy in employing the commissive utterances. The writer also uses
Ethnography of Communication with SPEAKING formula as the guideline to
describe the context of situation.
The findings of this research are 1) the types of commissive utterances
employed by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” are
promise, refusal, threat, and offer; 2) most of characters in the film entitled “The
Gods Must be Crazy” use indirect speech acts in general, and in employing
commissive utterances, most of the characters uses explanation, excuse or reason
in employing refusals, using If-then in employing threat, using interrogative with
modal and justification in employing offers; 3) the factors like social status of the
interlocutors, the relationship between the participants, and the situation when the
conversation occurs do influence the way of the characters in the film entitled “the
Gods Must be Crazy” in choosing the strategy of employing the utterances.
Keywords: pragmatic, speech act, commissive
vi
ABSTRAK
Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analisis pada Ungkapan Komisif dalam
Film yang Berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan Implikasinya dalam
Pengajaran Speaking. Skripsi. Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data yang
digunakan adalah film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan beserta
transkripnya.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui jenis-jenis komisif yang
digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”, 2)
mendeskripsikan bagaimana karakter menggunakan strategi dalam pengucapan
ungkapan komisif, dan 3) mendeskripsikan konteks situasi dimana ungkapan
komisif digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”.
Untuk mencapai tujuan, data dianalisis menggunakan tiga tindak tutur Austin
untuk menyimpulkan ilokusi ungkapan, teori Searle untuk mengidentifikasi jenis
ungkapan komisif, dan teori Beebe, dkk. dan Charter untuk mendeskripsikan
strategi dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif. Penulis juga menggunakan
Etnografi Komunikasi dengan formula SPEAKING sebagai panduan untuk
mendeskripsikan konteks situasi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) jenis-jenis ungkapan komisif yang
digunakan oleh karakter film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” adalah
berjanji, menolak, mengancam, dan menawarkan; 2) karakter dalam film berjudul
“The Gods Must be Crazy” menggunakan tindak tutur tidak langsung secara
umum, dan dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif, para karakter paling banyak
menggunakan penjelasan atau alasan dalam menggunakan penolakan, memakai Ifthen dalam menggunakan pengancaman, dan memakai interogatif dengan kata
bantu dan justifikasi dalam menggunakan penawaran; 3) faktor-faktor seperti
status sosial teman bicara, hubungan antara partisipan, dan situasi ketika
pembicaraan terjadi mempengaruhi cara karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods
Must be Crazy” dalam memilih strategi penggunaan ungkapan.
Kata kunci: pragmatik, tindak tutur, komisif
vii
MOTTO
“…(Do) not grieve, indeed Allah (is) with us…”
(Quran Surah At-Taubah, verse 40)
“Man proposes, God disposes.”
(Midorima Shintarou)
viii
DEDICATION
I gratefully dedicated this research paper to:
ix
My beloved mother and father
My beloved sister
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin
All praises be to Allah SWT, for His blessing that the writer is able to
finish this thesis as one of the requirements for achieving Undergraduate Degree
in English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty,
Sebelas Maret University. The writer believes that many people have given
support to her in completing this thesis, and she would like to express her greatest
gratitude to the following:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University for his permission to write this thesis.
2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Sebelas Maret University for his permission to write this thesis.
3. Dr. Suparno, M. Pd., the first consultant, for all his guidance, critics,
comments, and his patience in guiding the writer from the beginning to the
completion of this thesis.
4. Kristiandi, S.S., M.A., the second consultant, for his extra time to read this
thesis in details, advice, and patience to make this thesis better.
5. All the lecturers, administrative staff, and friends in English Department of
Sebelas Maret University for the assistance so the writer could all the
things during her learning in English Department.
6. Her beloved mother and father, for their great love, prayer, and all
supports that they give for the entire writer’s life.
7. Her sisters, Ajeng, and also her cousin, Mbak Desi, for the prayer and
supports.
8. Her close friends, Nadia, Tuni, Vinda, Nina, Yulia, Septi, Tetin, for the
encouragement.
9. Her family in Damai 1 Boarding House: Apin, Mbak Aji, Nurul, Sri, Septi,
Mahar, and others.
10. Paramama’s members: Nurhaa, Inna, and Mbak Tiwik for the joy, laugh,
and enjoyable music we share.
x
11. Kakak, Mas Zuhdi, thanks for the great help in solving the writer’s
problem about her laptop and stuffs.
12. All members of English Department, especially ED ’10, thanks for the
time we have spent.
Realizing that this thesis is far from being perfect, the writer would be
very pleased for all the suggestion, criticism, and comment on this thesis better.
The writer hopes that his thesis will give some knowledge to everyone who read it.
Surakarta,
March 2015
Rizqi Arum Prastuti
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................... ii
TITLE .............................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS ................................................................. iv
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS ................................................. v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... vii
MOTTO ......................................................................................................... viii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
A. Background of Study ............................................................. 1
B. Problem Limitation ................................................................ 4
C. Problem Statements ............................................................... 4
D. The Objectives of the Study ................................................... 5
E. The Significance of the Study ................................................ 5
CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL REVIEW ........................................................ 6
A. Sociolinguistics ..................................................................... 6
1. The Notion of Sociolinguistics ........................................ 6
2. The Scope of Sociolinguistics ......................................... 7
B. Social Dimension in Communication ..................................... 8
C. Pragmatics ........................................................................... 10
D. Speech Acts ......................................................................... 11
1. Definition of Speech Acts ............................................. 11
xii
2. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts .................................... 12
3. Classification of Speech Acts ........................................ 13
E. Commissives ....................................................................... 21
F. Context ................................................................................ 25
G. Film ..................................................................................... 27
1. The Notion of Film ....................................................... 27
2. Synopsis of “The Gods Must be Crazy” ........................ 28
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................ 30
A. Type of Research ................................................................. 30
B. Data and Source of Data ...................................................... 30
C. Sample and Sampling Technique ......................................... 31
D. Equipment of the Research .................................................. 31
E. Technique of Collecting Data .............................................. 31
F. Technique of Coding Data ................................................... 32
G. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................. 33
H. Trustworthiness ................................................................... 34
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ....................... 35
A. Introduction .......................................................................... 35
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................... 35
C. Discussion ........................................................................... 64
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ......... 73
A. Conclusion .......................................................................... 73
B. Implication .......................................................................... 74
C. Suggestion ........................................................................... 74
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 90
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 93
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
1. The script of “The Gods Must be Crazy” film.
2. Research data of commissives.
3. Legalization.
xiv
AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM
ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION
ON TEACHING SPEAKING
THESIS
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI
K 2210075
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
i
PRONOUNCEMENT
I would like to certify that the thesis entitled “AN ANALYSIS ON
COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM ENTITLED “THE GODS
MUST
BE
CRAZY”
AND
ITS
IMPLICATION
ON
TEACHING
SPEAKING” is really my own work. It is not a product of plagiarism or made by
others. Everything related to others’ works is written in quotation, the sources of
which are listed on the bibliography.
If then, this pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to receive any
academic punishment.
ii
AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM
ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION
ON TEACHING SPEAKING
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI
K 2210075
Thesis
Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University to fulfill one of requirements for obtaining the Undergraduate
Degree in English Education
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
iii
iv
v
ABSTRACT
Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analysis on Commissive Utterances in the
Film Entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and Its Implication on Teaching
Speaking. Thesis. English Department. Teacher Training and Education
Faculty. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta.
This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The sources of the data
are the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and its transcript.
The aims of this research are 1) to find out the types of commissive
utterances used by the characters in the film entitled “The God Must be Crazy”, 2)
to describe how the characters use the strategy in uttering commissive utterances,
and 3) to describe the context of situation in which each commissive utterance is
used by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy”. To achieve
the aims, the data are analyzed using (1) Austin’s three acts to infer the
illocutionary act of each utterance, (2) Searle’s theory to identify the type of the
commissive utterances, and (3) Beebe et al. and Charter’s theories to describe the
strategy in employing the commissive utterances. The writer also uses
Ethnography of Communication with SPEAKING formula as the guideline to
describe the context of situation.
The findings of this research are 1) the types of commissive utterances
employed by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” are
promise, refusal, threat, and offer; 2) most of characters in the film entitled “The
Gods Must be Crazy” use indirect speech acts in general, and in employing
commissive utterances, most of the characters uses explanation, excuse or reason
in employing refusals, using If-then in employing threat, using interrogative with
modal and justification in employing offers; 3) the factors like social status of the
interlocutors, the relationship between the participants, and the situation when the
conversation occurs do influence the way of the characters in the film entitled “the
Gods Must be Crazy” in choosing the strategy of employing the utterances.
Keywords: pragmatic, speech act, commissive
vi
ABSTRAK
Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analisis pada Ungkapan Komisif dalam
Film yang Berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan Implikasinya dalam
Pengajaran Speaking. Skripsi. Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data yang
digunakan adalah film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan beserta
transkripnya.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui jenis-jenis komisif yang
digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”, 2)
mendeskripsikan bagaimana karakter menggunakan strategi dalam pengucapan
ungkapan komisif, dan 3) mendeskripsikan konteks situasi dimana ungkapan
komisif digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”.
Untuk mencapai tujuan, data dianalisis menggunakan tiga tindak tutur Austin
untuk menyimpulkan ilokusi ungkapan, teori Searle untuk mengidentifikasi jenis
ungkapan komisif, dan teori Beebe, dkk. dan Charter untuk mendeskripsikan
strategi dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif. Penulis juga menggunakan
Etnografi Komunikasi dengan formula SPEAKING sebagai panduan untuk
mendeskripsikan konteks situasi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) jenis-jenis ungkapan komisif yang
digunakan oleh karakter film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” adalah
berjanji, menolak, mengancam, dan menawarkan; 2) karakter dalam film berjudul
“The Gods Must be Crazy” menggunakan tindak tutur tidak langsung secara
umum, dan dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif, para karakter paling banyak
menggunakan penjelasan atau alasan dalam menggunakan penolakan, memakai Ifthen dalam menggunakan pengancaman, dan memakai interogatif dengan kata
bantu dan justifikasi dalam menggunakan penawaran; 3) faktor-faktor seperti
status sosial teman bicara, hubungan antara partisipan, dan situasi ketika
pembicaraan terjadi mempengaruhi cara karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods
Must be Crazy” dalam memilih strategi penggunaan ungkapan.
Kata kunci: pragmatik, tindak tutur, komisif
vii
MOTTO
“…(Do) not grieve, indeed Allah (is) with us…”
(Quran Surah At-Taubah, verse 40)
“Man proposes, God disposes.”
(Midorima Shintarou)
viii
DEDICATION
I gratefully dedicated this research paper to:
ix
My beloved mother and father
My beloved sister
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin
All praises be to Allah SWT, for His blessing that the writer is able to
finish this thesis as one of the requirements for achieving Undergraduate Degree
in English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty,
Sebelas Maret University. The writer believes that many people have given
support to her in completing this thesis, and she would like to express her greatest
gratitude to the following:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University for his permission to write this thesis.
2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Sebelas Maret University for his permission to write this thesis.
3. Dr. Suparno, M. Pd., the first consultant, for all his guidance, critics,
comments, and his patience in guiding the writer from the beginning to the
completion of this thesis.
4. Kristiandi, S.S., M.A., the second consultant, for his extra time to read this
thesis in details, advice, and patience to make this thesis better.
5. All the lecturers, administrative staff, and friends in English Department of
Sebelas Maret University for the assistance so the writer could all the
things during her learning in English Department.
6. Her beloved mother and father, for their great love, prayer, and all
supports that they give for the entire writer’s life.
7. Her sisters, Ajeng, and also her cousin, Mbak Desi, for the prayer and
supports.
8. Her close friends, Nadia, Tuni, Vinda, Nina, Yulia, Septi, Tetin, for the
encouragement.
9. Her family in Damai 1 Boarding House: Apin, Mbak Aji, Nurul, Sri, Septi,
Mahar, and others.
10. Paramama’s members: Nurhaa, Inna, and Mbak Tiwik for the joy, laugh,
and enjoyable music we share.
x
11. Kakak, Mas Zuhdi, thanks for the great help in solving the writer’s
problem about her laptop and stuffs.
12. All members of English Department, especially ED ’10, thanks for the
time we have spent.
Realizing that this thesis is far from being perfect, the writer would be
very pleased for all the suggestion, criticism, and comment on this thesis better.
The writer hopes that his thesis will give some knowledge to everyone who read it.
Surakarta,
March 2015
Rizqi Arum Prastuti
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................... ii
TITLE .............................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS ................................................................. iv
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS ................................................. v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... vii
MOTTO ......................................................................................................... viii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
A. Background of Study ............................................................. 1
B. Problem Limitation ................................................................ 4
C. Problem Statements ............................................................... 4
D. The Objectives of the Study ................................................... 5
E. The Significance of the Study ................................................ 5
CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL REVIEW ........................................................ 6
A. Sociolinguistics ..................................................................... 6
1. The Notion of Sociolinguistics ........................................ 6
2. The Scope of Sociolinguistics ......................................... 7
B. Social Dimension in Communication ..................................... 8
C. Pragmatics ........................................................................... 10
D. Speech Acts ......................................................................... 11
1. Definition of Speech Acts ............................................. 11
xii
2. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts .................................... 12
3. Classification of Speech Acts ........................................ 13
E. Commissives ....................................................................... 21
F. Context ................................................................................ 25
G. Film ..................................................................................... 27
1. The Notion of Film ....................................................... 27
2. Synopsis of “The Gods Must be Crazy” ........................ 28
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................ 30
A. Type of Research ................................................................. 30
B. Data and Source of Data ...................................................... 30
C. Sample and Sampling Technique ......................................... 31
D. Equipment of the Research .................................................. 31
E. Technique of Collecting Data .............................................. 31
F. Technique of Coding Data ................................................... 32
G. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................. 33
H. Trustworthiness ................................................................... 34
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ....................... 35
A. Introduction .......................................................................... 35
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................... 35
C. Discussion ........................................................................... 64
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ......... 73
A. Conclusion .......................................................................... 73
B. Implication .......................................................................... 74
C. Suggestion ........................................................................... 74
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 90
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 93
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
1. The script of “The Gods Must be Crazy” film.
2. Research data of commissives.
3. Legalization.
xiv