Application of Mycorhiza Arbuscular Dosage and Organic Fertilizer to Produce Off-season Fruit of Salak Gula Pasir (Salacca zalacca var. Gulapasir).
Application of Mycorhiza Arbuscular Dosage and Organic Fertilizer to Produce
Off-season Fruit of Salak Gula Pasir (Salacca zalacca var. Gulapasir)
by
Rai, I. N.*, C.G.A. Semarajaya*, W. Wiraatmaja*, N. K. Alit Astiari**,
and N. G. Astawa*,
*) Departement of Agroecotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University
**) Departement of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University
ABSTRACT
Naturally flowering of “Salak Gula Pasir” occures once every three months or 4
times a year, but only one to two of flower season succeeds to become fruit. Failure of
fruit-set causes the fruit harvest seasonally. The situation is not favorable in terms of
agribusiness because production quantities accumulate only during the harvest time (onseason). The research aims were to overcome the failure of fruit-set by using mykorhiza
arbuskular dosage and organic fertilizer to produce off-season fruit of Salak Gula Pasir.
Research was conducted in farmer’s salak orchard in Sibetan Village, Bebandem Subdistrict, Karangasem Regency, from April to October 2014 (in two seasons production:
Gadu and Sela II). The treatment consists of two factors, i.e. factor of dose of mykorhiza
arbuskular (0, 25, 50, and 75 g/plant) and organic fertilizers (goat manure, compost, and
leaf litter/control). Results the research showed the treatment of mykorhiza arbuscular
dose 75 g/plant can be used to produce off-season fruit of Salak Gula Pasir. In control
percentage of fruit-set on Gadu season was only 59.58 % but on dose of 75 g/plant
percentage of fruit-set was 77.22 % or significantly higher compared to control.
However, treatment of organic fertilizer in the form of goat manure and compost
increased the percentage of fruit-set but non-significant different compared to control,
which means that the treatment had not been able to produce off-season fruit of Salak
Gula Pasir. Based on these results suggested that giving of mycorhiza arbuscular dose 75
g/plant can be applied to produce off-season fruit of salak Gula Pasir at the farm level.
Key-word: Salak Gula Pasir, off-season, fruit-set, mykorhiza, organic fertilizer.
APPLICATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORHIZA DOSAGE
AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER TO PRODUCE OFF-SEASON
SNAKE FRUIT (SALACCA ZALACCA VAR. GULAPASIR)
by:
I N. Rai
C. G. Alit Semarajaya
I Wayan Wiraatmaja
Ni Komang Alit Astiari
I Nyoman Gede Astawa
Article Presented on ICBB at Udayana University,
September 18th, 2015 .
INTRODUCTION
Naturally flowering of “Gula Pasir snake fruit”
occurs once every three months or 4 times a
year, but only one to two of flower season succeeds
to become fruit (Rai et al., 2010).
Failure of fruit-set causes the fruit harvest
seasonally.
Production quantities accumulate only during
the harvest time (on-season) unbalance
supply-demand not favourable in terms of
agribusiness.
INTRODUCTION
UNSUCCESSFULLY OF FRUIT-SET CAUSED BY:
Low leaf water content due to low precipitation and the
plant not irrigated.
Low nutrition in the leaf (low content of N, P, K) due to low
soil fertility (Rai et al., 2010).
Flower lack of photosyntathe indicated by low content of
sucrose, low total sugar and low R-sugar (Rai et al., 2011).
The research aims were to overcome the failure of fruitset by using arbuskular mykorhiza dosage and organic
fertilizer to produce off-season fruit of Salak Gula Pasir.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Field experiment was carried out at the production center
of snake fruit in Bali i.e. in Bebandem District, Karangasem
Regency, from April to October 2014 (in two seasons
production: Gadu and Sela II)
Fifteen years old of snake fruit cultivars with similar growth
vigor were selected for this experiment.
The study design was randomized complete Block design with
two factors, i.e. factor of dose of arbuscular mykorhiza (0,
25, 50, and 75 g/plant) and organic fertilizers (goat
manure, compost, and leaf litter/control).
Arbuscular mykorhiza obtained from IPB, Bogor.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Percentage of fruit-set, number of flower and fruit bunches per plant
Treatment
Organic Fertilizers
Goat manure
Compost
Leaf litter
LSD
Mycorhiza dosage
0 g/plant
25 g/plant
50 g/plant
75 g/plant
LSD
Persentage of
fruit-set (%)
Number of flowers
bunches per plant
Number of fruit
bunches per plant
Gadu
Sela II
Gadu
Sela II
Gadu
Sela II
65.19 a
69.35 a
66.88 a
10,07
88.96 a
83.65 a
76.67 a
15,04
5.25 a
4.44 b
4.50 b
0,66
3.94 a
3.63 a
4.00 a
0,71
3.31 a
3.00 a
2.94 a
0,48
3.38 a
2.94 a
3.00 a
0,50
59.58 b
65.67 ab
66.07 ab
77.22 a
11,63
77.78 a
83.19 a
85.42 a
85.97 a
17,37
4.83 a
4.92 a
4.83 a
4.33 a
0,77
3.67 a
4.00 a
3.83 a
3.92 a
0,82
2.83 a
3.17 a
3.08 a
3.25 a
0,55
2.75 a
3.17 a
3.17 a
3.33 a
0,59
Numbers at the same column followed by same letter showed non-significantly different at LSD test level 5%.
RWC of leaves, chlorophyll content, and weight of fruit
bunches per plant
Treatment
RWC of
leaves (%)
Chlorophyll
content (SPAD)
Weight of fruit
per plant
Gadu
Sela II
Gadu
Sela II
Gadu
Sela II
Goat manure
82.91 a
87.81 a
85.53 a
89.92 a
(783.03) 24,81 a
(338.53) 14,49 a
Compost
83.13 a
89.56 a
86.62 a
93.81 a
(661.87) 22,21 a
(375.99) 15,15 a
Leaf litter
82.47 a
84.31 b
83.22 a
84.89 b
(598.86) 21,92 a
(398.02) 16,01 a
4,55
3,26
5,39
6,07
10,00
9,84
0 g/plant
77.63 b
80.08 b
80.90 b
84.45 b
(399.36) 18,08 a
(252.52) 12,86 a
25 g/plant
82.58 ab
88.83 a
83.25 ab
87.97 ab
(686.35) 23,42 a
(446.25) 17,21 a
50 g/plant
86.00 a
91.08 a
86.98 ab
94.20 a
(773.73) 23,56 a
(346.20) 13,97 a
75 g/plant
83.79 a
88.92 a
89.35 a
91.55 a
(865.58) 25,52 a
(438.42) 16,83 a
5,26
3,77
6,22
7,01
11,55
11,36
Organic Fertilizers
LSD
Mycorhiza dosage
LSD
- Numbers at the same column followed by same letter showed non-significantly different at LSD test level 5%.
- Numbers inside brackets was the original average value, while number in front of brackets was data be transformed to √ x + 1)
Total sugar, R-sugar, and sucrose of leaf and N, P, K
content of leaf
Treatment
Total Sugar R-Sugar
Sucrose N of leaf P content K-content
of leaf (%) of leaf (%) of leaf (%) (%)
of leaf (%) of leaf (%)
Organic Fertilizers
Goat manure
1.1050 a
0.3175 a
0.5582 a
1.9400 a
0.2038 a
0.8590 a
Compost
1.1010 a
0.2902 a
0.7702 a
2.0063 a
0.2438 a
0.8500 a
Leaf litter
0.8973 a
0.3064 a
0.5432 a
2.0213 a
0.2250 a
0.8413 a
0.2593
0.0525
0.2387
0.1673
0.0599
0.1177
0 g/plant
0.7769 b
0.2625 a
0.5437 a
1.8867 a
0.1700 b
0.8237 a
25 g/plant
1.1046 a
0.3181 a
0.5888 a
1.9283 a 0.2117 ab
0.8683 a
50 g/plant
1.0555 ab
0.3164 a
0.7022 a
2.1233 a 0.2333 ab
0.8567 a
75 g/plant
1.2008 a
0.3219 a
0.6608 a
2.0183 a
0.2817 a
0.8517 a
0.2995
0.0606
0.2757
0.1932
0.0692
0.1359
LSD
Mycorhiza dosage
LSD
Numbers at the same column followed by same letter showed non-significantly different at LSD test level 5%.
CONCLUSION
Treatment of arbuscular mykorhiza dose 75 g/plant can be used
to produce off-season fruit of Gula Pasir snake fruit. In control
percentage of fruit-set on Gadu season was only 59.58 % but on dose
of 75 g/plant percentage of fruit-set was 77.22 % or significantly
higher compared to control.
Treatment of organic fertilizer had not been able to produce offseason fruit of Gula Pasir snake fruit. Organic fertilizer in the form
of goat manure and compost increased the percentage of fruit-set but
non-significant different compared to control.
Based on these results suggested that giving of arbuscular
mycorhiza dose 75 g/plant can be applied to produce off-season
fruit of salak Gula Pasir at the farm level.
Off-season Fruit of Salak Gula Pasir (Salacca zalacca var. Gulapasir)
by
Rai, I. N.*, C.G.A. Semarajaya*, W. Wiraatmaja*, N. K. Alit Astiari**,
and N. G. Astawa*,
*) Departement of Agroecotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University
**) Departement of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University
ABSTRACT
Naturally flowering of “Salak Gula Pasir” occures once every three months or 4
times a year, but only one to two of flower season succeeds to become fruit. Failure of
fruit-set causes the fruit harvest seasonally. The situation is not favorable in terms of
agribusiness because production quantities accumulate only during the harvest time (onseason). The research aims were to overcome the failure of fruit-set by using mykorhiza
arbuskular dosage and organic fertilizer to produce off-season fruit of Salak Gula Pasir.
Research was conducted in farmer’s salak orchard in Sibetan Village, Bebandem Subdistrict, Karangasem Regency, from April to October 2014 (in two seasons production:
Gadu and Sela II). The treatment consists of two factors, i.e. factor of dose of mykorhiza
arbuskular (0, 25, 50, and 75 g/plant) and organic fertilizers (goat manure, compost, and
leaf litter/control). Results the research showed the treatment of mykorhiza arbuscular
dose 75 g/plant can be used to produce off-season fruit of Salak Gula Pasir. In control
percentage of fruit-set on Gadu season was only 59.58 % but on dose of 75 g/plant
percentage of fruit-set was 77.22 % or significantly higher compared to control.
However, treatment of organic fertilizer in the form of goat manure and compost
increased the percentage of fruit-set but non-significant different compared to control,
which means that the treatment had not been able to produce off-season fruit of Salak
Gula Pasir. Based on these results suggested that giving of mycorhiza arbuscular dose 75
g/plant can be applied to produce off-season fruit of salak Gula Pasir at the farm level.
Key-word: Salak Gula Pasir, off-season, fruit-set, mykorhiza, organic fertilizer.
APPLICATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORHIZA DOSAGE
AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER TO PRODUCE OFF-SEASON
SNAKE FRUIT (SALACCA ZALACCA VAR. GULAPASIR)
by:
I N. Rai
C. G. Alit Semarajaya
I Wayan Wiraatmaja
Ni Komang Alit Astiari
I Nyoman Gede Astawa
Article Presented on ICBB at Udayana University,
September 18th, 2015 .
INTRODUCTION
Naturally flowering of “Gula Pasir snake fruit”
occurs once every three months or 4 times a
year, but only one to two of flower season succeeds
to become fruit (Rai et al., 2010).
Failure of fruit-set causes the fruit harvest
seasonally.
Production quantities accumulate only during
the harvest time (on-season) unbalance
supply-demand not favourable in terms of
agribusiness.
INTRODUCTION
UNSUCCESSFULLY OF FRUIT-SET CAUSED BY:
Low leaf water content due to low precipitation and the
plant not irrigated.
Low nutrition in the leaf (low content of N, P, K) due to low
soil fertility (Rai et al., 2010).
Flower lack of photosyntathe indicated by low content of
sucrose, low total sugar and low R-sugar (Rai et al., 2011).
The research aims were to overcome the failure of fruitset by using arbuskular mykorhiza dosage and organic
fertilizer to produce off-season fruit of Salak Gula Pasir.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Field experiment was carried out at the production center
of snake fruit in Bali i.e. in Bebandem District, Karangasem
Regency, from April to October 2014 (in two seasons
production: Gadu and Sela II)
Fifteen years old of snake fruit cultivars with similar growth
vigor were selected for this experiment.
The study design was randomized complete Block design with
two factors, i.e. factor of dose of arbuscular mykorhiza (0,
25, 50, and 75 g/plant) and organic fertilizers (goat
manure, compost, and leaf litter/control).
Arbuscular mykorhiza obtained from IPB, Bogor.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Percentage of fruit-set, number of flower and fruit bunches per plant
Treatment
Organic Fertilizers
Goat manure
Compost
Leaf litter
LSD
Mycorhiza dosage
0 g/plant
25 g/plant
50 g/plant
75 g/plant
LSD
Persentage of
fruit-set (%)
Number of flowers
bunches per plant
Number of fruit
bunches per plant
Gadu
Sela II
Gadu
Sela II
Gadu
Sela II
65.19 a
69.35 a
66.88 a
10,07
88.96 a
83.65 a
76.67 a
15,04
5.25 a
4.44 b
4.50 b
0,66
3.94 a
3.63 a
4.00 a
0,71
3.31 a
3.00 a
2.94 a
0,48
3.38 a
2.94 a
3.00 a
0,50
59.58 b
65.67 ab
66.07 ab
77.22 a
11,63
77.78 a
83.19 a
85.42 a
85.97 a
17,37
4.83 a
4.92 a
4.83 a
4.33 a
0,77
3.67 a
4.00 a
3.83 a
3.92 a
0,82
2.83 a
3.17 a
3.08 a
3.25 a
0,55
2.75 a
3.17 a
3.17 a
3.33 a
0,59
Numbers at the same column followed by same letter showed non-significantly different at LSD test level 5%.
RWC of leaves, chlorophyll content, and weight of fruit
bunches per plant
Treatment
RWC of
leaves (%)
Chlorophyll
content (SPAD)
Weight of fruit
per plant
Gadu
Sela II
Gadu
Sela II
Gadu
Sela II
Goat manure
82.91 a
87.81 a
85.53 a
89.92 a
(783.03) 24,81 a
(338.53) 14,49 a
Compost
83.13 a
89.56 a
86.62 a
93.81 a
(661.87) 22,21 a
(375.99) 15,15 a
Leaf litter
82.47 a
84.31 b
83.22 a
84.89 b
(598.86) 21,92 a
(398.02) 16,01 a
4,55
3,26
5,39
6,07
10,00
9,84
0 g/plant
77.63 b
80.08 b
80.90 b
84.45 b
(399.36) 18,08 a
(252.52) 12,86 a
25 g/plant
82.58 ab
88.83 a
83.25 ab
87.97 ab
(686.35) 23,42 a
(446.25) 17,21 a
50 g/plant
86.00 a
91.08 a
86.98 ab
94.20 a
(773.73) 23,56 a
(346.20) 13,97 a
75 g/plant
83.79 a
88.92 a
89.35 a
91.55 a
(865.58) 25,52 a
(438.42) 16,83 a
5,26
3,77
6,22
7,01
11,55
11,36
Organic Fertilizers
LSD
Mycorhiza dosage
LSD
- Numbers at the same column followed by same letter showed non-significantly different at LSD test level 5%.
- Numbers inside brackets was the original average value, while number in front of brackets was data be transformed to √ x + 1)
Total sugar, R-sugar, and sucrose of leaf and N, P, K
content of leaf
Treatment
Total Sugar R-Sugar
Sucrose N of leaf P content K-content
of leaf (%) of leaf (%) of leaf (%) (%)
of leaf (%) of leaf (%)
Organic Fertilizers
Goat manure
1.1050 a
0.3175 a
0.5582 a
1.9400 a
0.2038 a
0.8590 a
Compost
1.1010 a
0.2902 a
0.7702 a
2.0063 a
0.2438 a
0.8500 a
Leaf litter
0.8973 a
0.3064 a
0.5432 a
2.0213 a
0.2250 a
0.8413 a
0.2593
0.0525
0.2387
0.1673
0.0599
0.1177
0 g/plant
0.7769 b
0.2625 a
0.5437 a
1.8867 a
0.1700 b
0.8237 a
25 g/plant
1.1046 a
0.3181 a
0.5888 a
1.9283 a 0.2117 ab
0.8683 a
50 g/plant
1.0555 ab
0.3164 a
0.7022 a
2.1233 a 0.2333 ab
0.8567 a
75 g/plant
1.2008 a
0.3219 a
0.6608 a
2.0183 a
0.2817 a
0.8517 a
0.2995
0.0606
0.2757
0.1932
0.0692
0.1359
LSD
Mycorhiza dosage
LSD
Numbers at the same column followed by same letter showed non-significantly different at LSD test level 5%.
CONCLUSION
Treatment of arbuscular mykorhiza dose 75 g/plant can be used
to produce off-season fruit of Gula Pasir snake fruit. In control
percentage of fruit-set on Gadu season was only 59.58 % but on dose
of 75 g/plant percentage of fruit-set was 77.22 % or significantly
higher compared to control.
Treatment of organic fertilizer had not been able to produce offseason fruit of Gula Pasir snake fruit. Organic fertilizer in the form
of goat manure and compost increased the percentage of fruit-set but
non-significant different compared to control.
Based on these results suggested that giving of arbuscular
mycorhiza dose 75 g/plant can be applied to produce off-season
fruit of salak Gula Pasir at the farm level.