TEST OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES: ANALYZING ITS WASHBACK ON TEACHING AND LEARNING (A Case Study at the Language Center of Universitas Sebelas Maret) - UNS Institutional Repository
TEST OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES: ANALYZING
ITS WASHBACK ON TEACHING AND LEARNING
(A Case Study at the Language Center of
Universitas Sebelas Maret)
THESIS
Submitted to Graduate Program of Universitas Sebelas Maret as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Graduate Degree in English Education
By: DIDIK TRI WAHYUDI S891602008
GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2018
APPROVAL
TEST OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES: ANALYZING ITS
WASHBACK TOWARD TEACHING AND LEARNING (A CASE STUDY
AT THE LANGUAGE CENTER OF UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET)
DIDIK TRI WAHYUDI
NIM: S891602008
This thesis has been approved by the Consultants of English Education Department of Graduate School of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta in January 2018 Consultant 1, Dr. SUMARDI, M.Hum.
NIP. 19740608 199903 1002 Consultant 2, Dr. ABDUL ASIB, M.Pd.
NIP. 19520307 198003 1005 The Head of English Education Department of Graduate School of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret
Dr. NGADISO, M.Pd.
NIP. 19621231 199803 1009
LEGIMITATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS TEST OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES: ANALYZING ITS WASHBACK TOWARD TEACHING AND LEARNING (A CASE STUDY AT THE LANGUAGE CENTER OF UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET) DIDIK TRI WAHYUDI NIM: S891602008
This thesis has been approved by the Board of Thesis Examiners of English Education Department of Graduate School of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta on January 2018 Board of Examiners
Signature Chairperson Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd. ( ……………… )
NIP. 19621231 199803 1009 Secretary Dr. Nur Arifah Drajati, M.Pd.
( ……………… ) NIP. 19750506 201601 01
Members of 1.
( ……………… ) Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum. Examiners NIP. 19740608 199903 1002 2.
( ……………… ) Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd. NIP. 19520307 198003 1005
The Dean of Teacher Training and The Head of English Education Education Faculty of Universitas Department of Graduate School of
Sebelas Maret Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret Prof. Dr. JOKO NURKAMTO, M.Pd. Dr. NGADISO, M.Pd.
NIP. 19610124 198702 1001 NIP. 19621231 199803 1009
MOTTO
Success
is the right of
everyone.- Tri Rismaharini -
DEDICATION
Thanks God, finally this thesis is accomplished.This thesis is presented and dedicated to: 1. my beloved father and mother, Wajiran and Sumarpik, who never stop praying for my success and always support me in any conditions;
2. Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP) which has fully funded my master study in Universitas Sebelas Maret;
3. Ikatan Penerima Beasiswa LPDP UNS, my big family in Solo; 4.
and all of my friends who make me laugh, and sometimes angry, but always be there when I need.
ABSTRACT
Didik Tri Wahyudi. S891602008. 2018. Test of English for Academic Purposes: Analyzing Its Washback on Teaching and Learning (A Case Study at the Language Center of Universitas Sebelas Maret). First Consultant: Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum., Second Consultant: Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd., Thesis, Surakarta, English Education Department, Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University.
The main objective of the research is to find out what kind of washback does Test of English for Academic Purposes (TEAP) have on (1) teachers’ teaching attitude; and (2) students’ learning attitude and test-preparation strategies.
The design of the research was case study. This research was conducted in TEAP preparation course at the language center of Sebelas Maret University. The participants of this research were 10 teachers (2 males and 8 females) of TEAP preparation course who had more than 5-year experience in teaching. 2 of them were interviewed. The other participants were 72 students (21 males and 51 females). 4 participants were chosen as the interviewees by purposive sampling. They were chosen by their class teacher and the researcher.
The main ways to get the data in this research are the triangulation of questionnaire, interview, and observation. The questionnaires were filled out by 72 students and 10 teachers. The researcher then interviewed 4 students and 2 teachers with the similar questions in questionnaire. Observation was also employed to achieve the trustworthiness of the data, especially for the behavior of the teachers and the students. The data were then analyzed using the flow model of Miles and Hubberman consisting of data collection, data description, data analysis, and conclusion drawing.
Referring to the results of the analyses, it can be concluded that: (1) TEAP has positive and negative washback on the teachers’ teaching attitude; (2) TEAP has positive and negative washback on the students’ learning attitude; (2) TEAP has positive washback on the students’ test-preparation strategies;
Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that in general TEAP has positive washback on teaching and learning. However, the teachers and students still have anxiety towards the test. To deal with the anxiety, it is recommended to collect the feedbacks from the candidates of the students about TEAP as a way to evaluate the effectiveness of the test that will have positive washback on teaching and learning; and to socialize the importance of TEAP for the students. Keywords: Washback, Effect, TEAP, Teaching, Learning, Testing
ABSTRAK
Didik Tri Wahyudi. S891602008. 2018. Test of English for Academic Purposes: Analisis Efek TEAP terhadap Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (Studi Kasus di Pusat Bahasa Universitas Sebelas Maret). Pembimbing I: Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum., Pembimbing II: Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd., Thesis, Surakarta, Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja efek
dari Test of English for Academic Purposes (TEAP) terhadap (1) sikap mengajar
guru dan (1) sikap belajar dan strategi persiapan ujian siswa.Rancangan penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di
kelas persiapan TEAP di pusat bahasa Universitas Sebelas Maret. Subyek
penelitian ini adalah 10 guru EAP (2 laki-laki dan 8 perempuan) yang memiliki
pengalaman mengajar lebih dari 5 tahun. Peneliti mewawancari 2 guru. Subyek
yang lain adalah 72 siswa (21 laki-laki dan 51 perempuan). 4 subyek dipiliah
sebagai narasumber wawancara mengunakan purposive sampling.Metode utama pemerolehan data dalam penelitian ini adalah triangulasi
kuesioner, wawancara, dan observasi. Kuesioner diisi oleh 72 siswa dan 10 guru.
Peneliti kemudian mewawancarai 4 siswa dan 2 guru dengan pertanyaan serupa
dalam kuesioner. Observasi juga digunakan untuk mencapai kepercayaan data.
Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan flow model Miles dan
Hubberman yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, deskripsi, analisis, dan penarikan
kesimpulan.Mengacu pada hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) TEAP
berpengaruh positif dan negatif terhadap sikap mengaajar guru; (2) TEAP
memiliki efek positif dan negatif terhadap sikap belajar siswa; dan (3) TEAP
memiliki efek positif terhadap strategi persiapan tes siswa.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada umumnya
TEAP memiliki efek positif pada pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Namun, para guru
dan siswa masih memiliki kecemasan terhadap ujian. Untuk mengatasi kecemasan
tersebut, disarankan untuk mengumpulkan umpan balik dari calon siswa tentang
TEAP sebagai cara untuk mengevaluasi keefektifan tes; dan mensosialisasikan
pentingnya TEAP bagi para siswa.Kata kunci: Efek, Dampak, TEAP, Pengajaran, Pembelajaran, Tes
PRONOUNCEMENT
I would like to certify that the thesis entitled TEST OF ENGLISH FOR
ACADEMIC PURPOSES: ANALYZING ITS WASHBACK ON TEACHING AND
LEARNING (A CASE STUDY AT THE LANGUAGE CENTER OF UNIVERSITAS
SEBELAS MARET) is really my own work. It is a plagiarism or is made by others.
Everything related to others’ works are written in quotation, the sources of which are listed on the bibliography.
If then, this pronouncement proves wrong; I am ready to receive any academic punishment.
Surakarta, January 2018 DIDIK TRI WAHYUDI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my first consultant, Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum., for the continuous support of my master study and related research, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. My sincere gratitude is also addressed to Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. I could not have imagined having a better consultants and mentors for my master study.
Besides my advisors, I would like to thank the thesis committee for their insightful comments and encouragement, but also for the hard question which incented me to widen my research from various perspectives.
My sincere thanks also go to the Language Center of Universitas Sebelas Maret which provided me an opportunity to conduct the research. Without their precious support, it would not be possible to conduct this research.
In particular, I am grateful to Ms. Nunung and TEAP tutors who have been really supportive.
The writer realizes that this thesis needs constructive suggestion for the betterment of the next study. Hopefully, this thesis can be beneficial for everyone who is concerned with this research.
Surakarta, January 2018 DIDIK TRI WAHYUDI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE .......................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL PAGE ...............................................................................................ii
LEGITIMATION PAGE .................................................................................... iii
MOTTO ................................................................................................................. iv
DEDICATION ........................................................................................................ v
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................vii
PRONOUNCEMENT ........................................................................................ viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... x
LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................xii
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................................. 1 B. Statements of the Problem ............................................................................... 5 C. Objectives of the Study .................................................................................... 5 D. Significance of the Study................................................................................. 5CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 7
A. Washback ........................................................................................................ 71. The Concept of Washback .......................................................................... 7
2. Positive Washback .................................................................................... 12
3. Negative Washback................................................................................... 14
B. Test of English for Academic Purposes (TEAP) ........................................... 15
C. Attitude ......................................................................................................... 17
D. Test-Preparation Strategies ............................................................................ 18
E. Related Studies............................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................. 27
A. Setting ............................................................................................................ 27B. Research Design ............................................................................................ 29
C. Sources of Data .............................................................................................. 30
D. Data Collection Techniques .......................................................................... 31
E. Trustworthiness .............................................................................................. 32
F. Data Analysis ................................................................................................. 33
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................. 36
A. Research Findings ......................................................................................... 361. The washback of TEAP towards teachers’ teaching attitude .................... 36 a. Questionnaire ....................................................................................... 36
b. Interview .............................................................................................. 38
c. Observation .......................................................................................... 46
2. The washback of TEAP towar ds students’ learning attitude and test- preparation strategies ................................................................................... 49
a. The washback of TEAP towar ds students’ learning attitude ................ 49 1) Questionnaire .................................................................................. 49 2) Interview ......................................................................................... 51 3) Observation ..................................................................................... 60
b. The washback of TEAP towar ds students’ test-preparation strategies 61 1) Questionnaire .................................................................................. 61 2) Interview ......................................................................................... 63
B. Discussions .................................................................................................... 69
1. The washback of TEAP towar ds teachers’ teaching attitude .................... 69
2. The washback of TEAP towar ds students’ learning attitude and test- preparation strategies ................................................................................... 72
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS . 78
A. Conclusions ................................................................................................... 78 B. Implications ................................................................................................... 80 C. Suggestions .................................................................................................... 81REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 83
APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... 86
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Summary of Positive Washback by Yi-Ching ...................................... 12Table 2.2. Summary of Negative Washback by Yi-Ching .................................... 14Table 3.1. Schedule of the Research ...................................................................... 28Table 3.2. Data Collecting Mapping ...................................................................... 32Table 4.1. The Results of the Questionnaire about the Washback of TEAP on theTeachers’ Teaching Attitude .................................................................................. 37
Table 4.2. The Results of the Questionnaire about the Washback of TEAP on theStudents’ Learning Attitude ................................................................................... 50
Table 4.3. The Results of the Questionnaire about the Washback of TEAP on theStudents’ Test-Preparation Strategies .................................................................... 61
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1. Flow Model of Qualitative Data Analysis ........................................... 34
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Blueprint of the Questionnaire for Teachers ..................................... 86 Appendix 2 Blueprint of the Questionnaire for Students ...................................... 87 Appendix 3 Interview Guide (Teachers) ................................................................ 89 Appendix 4 Interview Guide (Students) ................................................................ 90 Appendix 5 The Result of the Questionnaire (Teachers) ....................................... 91 Appendix 6 The Result of the Questionnaire (Students) ....................................... 92 Appendix 7 Data Reduction (Teachers) ................................................................. 96 Appendix 8 Data Reduction (Students) ............................................................... 101 Appendix 9 Documentation ................................................................................. 111 Appendix 10 Letter of Research Permission........................................................ 115