The Analysis Of Deixis Inthe American Play A Streetcar Named Desire
THE ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS INTHE AMERICAN PLAY A STREETCAR
NAMED DESIRE
A THESIS
BY
FEBI DJ HSB
REG.NO. 110705072
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2016
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN THE AMERICAN PLAY A STREETCAR
NAMED DESIRE
A THESIS
BY :
FEBI DJ HSB
NO. REG : 110705072
Supervisor
Co-Supervisor
Dr. Dr. Deliana,M.Hum
NIP.
Drs. M.Syafie’ie Siregar,MA
NIP.
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara in
partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2016
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by English Department of Faculty of Cultural Studies of University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
NIP. 195411171980031002
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph. D
NIP. 197502092008121002
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural
Studies, University of Sumatra Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatra Utara on January 26th, 2016.
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 195110131976031001
Board of Examiners :
Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
.....................................
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph. D
.....................................
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
.....................................
Dr. T.Thyrhaya Zein,MA
.....................................
Dr. Deliana,M.Hum
.....................................
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, FEBI DJ HSB, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS.
THIS
THESIS
CONTAINS
NO
MATERIAL
PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: January 26th, 2016
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: FEBI DJ HSB
TITLE OF THESIS : THE ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN THE AMERICAN
PLAY A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: January 26th, 2016
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost,praise and thank goes to my savior Jesus Christ for the
many blessings undeservingly bestowed upon me.
I wish to express my sicere thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Deliana,M.Hum
and her co-supervisor Drs. M.Syafie’ie Siregar,MA who given time, guidance and
help this thesis towards a completion.I also thankful to the Dean of Faculty of
Cultural Studies, Dr. Syahron Lubis, MA, the chief of Department of English, Dr.
H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS, the secretary of Department of English, Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti, MA, Ph. D,University of Sumatera Utara. Thankful to all lecturers and
staffs who had given their useful and valuable knowledge during my academic years.
I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents especially to my
mom,Anne Meri Siahaan and to my sister,Meda Hsb who encouraged me and
prayed for me throughout the time of my research. May the Almighty God richly
bless all of you.
My
sincere
thanks
also
goes
to
my
uncle
Prof.Dr.Otto
Hasibuan,S.H.,M.M., my aunties,tante Mawar Siahaan, tante Letkol. Nita
Siahaan,M.M, tante Evelyn’s Family and tante Netty’s family and also my uncle
S.Siahaan for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement
throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing this
thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them.
I also thank to her bestfriends ,Hanna Gabe,Irna HoranDance and Asept
Kenlap for all the fun we have had in the last four years. Thanks to my bestfriends
since high school, Dewi Neng,AAron and Titin for being nice always.
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
In addition, the researcher also grateful to everyone who already love, care,
help and pray for her. Finally, the researcher realizes that there is still some farther
suggestion and developing criticism. She hopes that this paper useful both the writer
and the reader.
Medan, 27th January
2016
Febi Dj Hsb
(110705072)
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled The Analysis of Deixis in the American Play A
Streetcar Named Desire. This study are aimed find out which types of deixis is the
most dominant and describe the use of deixis in the American Play “A Street Car
Named Desire” written by Tennessee Williams. This research uses qualitative
descriptive and quantitative methods in analyze the data. The analysis only focused
on several sentences, which have representative values based on the proposed deixis
types and the use of deictic markers. Those all classified based on Stephen C.
Levinson theory that consist of five types of deixis, there are person deixis,spatial
deixis,temporal deixis,social deixis and discourse deixis.From 1098 data, there are
882 (80,32%) person deixis, 59 (5,37%) spatial deixis, 46 (4,18%) temporal
deixis,111 (10,10%) discourse deixis and 0 (0%) social deixis. It shows the most
dominant deixis in this play is person deixis. The result shows the most dominant
deixis in the play is person deixis. The description of the use of each deixis are
explained in this research.
Keywords
: Deictic Expression, Deixis, Discourse, Pragmatics.
ix
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul The Analysis of Deixis in the American Play A Streetcar
Named Desire. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis deixis yang paling
dominan dan menjelaskan penggunaan deixis di Play Amerika "A Street Car Named
Desire" yang ditulis oleh penelitian Tennessee Williams. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif kualitatif dalam menganalisis data.
Analisis hanya terfokus pada beberapa kalimat,yang dapat mewakili setiap jenis
deiksis berdasarkan usulan jenis deixis dan penggunaan penanda deiktik. Mereka
diklasifikasikan berdasarkan teori Stephen C. Levinson yang terdiri dari lima jenis
deixis, yaitu deiksis persona, deiksis spasial, deiksis temporal, deixis sosial dan
deixis wacana. Dari data 1098, ada 882 (80,32%) deiksis persona, 59 (5,37%)
deiksis spasial, 46 (4,18%) deiksis temporal, 111 (10,10%) deiksis wacana dan 0
(0%) deiksis sosial. Hasilnya menunjukkan deiksis paling dominan dalam Play ini
adalah deiksis persona. Deskripsi mengenai penggunaan dari setiap deiksis
dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini.
Kata kunci
: Deiksis, Ekspresi Deiktik,Wacana, Pragmatik.
x
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE.....................................................................................................
TITLE PAGE.......................................................................................................
i
SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL SHEET............................................................
ii
DEPARTMENT’S APPROVAL SHEET..........................................................
iii
BOARD OF EXAMINER’S APPROVAL........................................................
iv
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION...........................................................................
v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION........................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRAK............................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I.INTRODUCTION
1
1.1.
Background of the Study..................................................
1
1.2.
Problems of the Study.......................................................
3
1.3.
Objectives to the Study.....................................................
3
1.4.
Scopes of the Study..........................................................
4
1.5.
Significances of the Study................................................
4
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
5
2.1 Defenition of Deixis...............................................................
5
2.2 Types of Deixis......................................................................
7
2.2.1Person Deixis..........................................................
7
2.2.2 Spatial Deixis..........................................................
9
2.2.3 Temporal Deixis.....................................................
10
2.2.4 Discourse Deixis.....................................................
13
xi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.2.5 Social Deixis..........................................................``
14
2.3 Play........................................................................................
16
2.4 Previous Study.......................................................................
17
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY
18
3.1 Data Source............................................................................
18
3.2 Data........................................................................................
18
3.3 Sample....................................................................................
19
3.4 Data Collecting Method.........................................................
19
3.5 Data Analyzing Method.........................................................
19
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
21
4.1 Synopsys of the Play “A Streetcar NamedDesire”...............
21
4.2 Data Presentation...................................................................
24
4.3 Analysis and Findings............................................................
28
4.3.1 Person Deixis..........................................................
29
4.3.2 Spatial Deixis..........................................................
45
4.3.3 Temporal Deixis.....................................................
48
4.3.4 Discourse Deixis.....................................................
54
4.3.5 Social Deixis...........................................................
57
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
58
5.1 Conclusion.............................................................................
58
5.2 Suggestion..............................................................................
59
BIBLIOGRAPHY
60
xii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
NAMED DESIRE
A THESIS
BY
FEBI DJ HSB
REG.NO. 110705072
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2016
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN THE AMERICAN PLAY A STREETCAR
NAMED DESIRE
A THESIS
BY :
FEBI DJ HSB
NO. REG : 110705072
Supervisor
Co-Supervisor
Dr. Dr. Deliana,M.Hum
NIP.
Drs. M.Syafie’ie Siregar,MA
NIP.
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara in
partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2016
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by English Department of Faculty of Cultural Studies of University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
NIP. 195411171980031002
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph. D
NIP. 197502092008121002
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural
Studies, University of Sumatra Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatra Utara on January 26th, 2016.
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 195110131976031001
Board of Examiners :
Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
.....................................
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph. D
.....................................
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
.....................................
Dr. T.Thyrhaya Zein,MA
.....................................
Dr. Deliana,M.Hum
.....................................
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, FEBI DJ HSB, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS.
THIS
THESIS
CONTAINS
NO
MATERIAL
PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: January 26th, 2016
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: FEBI DJ HSB
TITLE OF THESIS : THE ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN THE AMERICAN
PLAY A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: January 26th, 2016
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost,praise and thank goes to my savior Jesus Christ for the
many blessings undeservingly bestowed upon me.
I wish to express my sicere thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Deliana,M.Hum
and her co-supervisor Drs. M.Syafie’ie Siregar,MA who given time, guidance and
help this thesis towards a completion.I also thankful to the Dean of Faculty of
Cultural Studies, Dr. Syahron Lubis, MA, the chief of Department of English, Dr.
H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS, the secretary of Department of English, Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti, MA, Ph. D,University of Sumatera Utara. Thankful to all lecturers and
staffs who had given their useful and valuable knowledge during my academic years.
I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents especially to my
mom,Anne Meri Siahaan and to my sister,Meda Hsb who encouraged me and
prayed for me throughout the time of my research. May the Almighty God richly
bless all of you.
My
sincere
thanks
also
goes
to
my
uncle
Prof.Dr.Otto
Hasibuan,S.H.,M.M., my aunties,tante Mawar Siahaan, tante Letkol. Nita
Siahaan,M.M, tante Evelyn’s Family and tante Netty’s family and also my uncle
S.Siahaan for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement
throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing this
thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them.
I also thank to her bestfriends ,Hanna Gabe,Irna HoranDance and Asept
Kenlap for all the fun we have had in the last four years. Thanks to my bestfriends
since high school, Dewi Neng,AAron and Titin for being nice always.
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
In addition, the researcher also grateful to everyone who already love, care,
help and pray for her. Finally, the researcher realizes that there is still some farther
suggestion and developing criticism. She hopes that this paper useful both the writer
and the reader.
Medan, 27th January
2016
Febi Dj Hsb
(110705072)
viii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled The Analysis of Deixis in the American Play A
Streetcar Named Desire. This study are aimed find out which types of deixis is the
most dominant and describe the use of deixis in the American Play “A Street Car
Named Desire” written by Tennessee Williams. This research uses qualitative
descriptive and quantitative methods in analyze the data. The analysis only focused
on several sentences, which have representative values based on the proposed deixis
types and the use of deictic markers. Those all classified based on Stephen C.
Levinson theory that consist of five types of deixis, there are person deixis,spatial
deixis,temporal deixis,social deixis and discourse deixis.From 1098 data, there are
882 (80,32%) person deixis, 59 (5,37%) spatial deixis, 46 (4,18%) temporal
deixis,111 (10,10%) discourse deixis and 0 (0%) social deixis. It shows the most
dominant deixis in this play is person deixis. The result shows the most dominant
deixis in the play is person deixis. The description of the use of each deixis are
explained in this research.
Keywords
: Deictic Expression, Deixis, Discourse, Pragmatics.
ix
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul The Analysis of Deixis in the American Play A Streetcar
Named Desire. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis deixis yang paling
dominan dan menjelaskan penggunaan deixis di Play Amerika "A Street Car Named
Desire" yang ditulis oleh penelitian Tennessee Williams. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif kualitatif dalam menganalisis data.
Analisis hanya terfokus pada beberapa kalimat,yang dapat mewakili setiap jenis
deiksis berdasarkan usulan jenis deixis dan penggunaan penanda deiktik. Mereka
diklasifikasikan berdasarkan teori Stephen C. Levinson yang terdiri dari lima jenis
deixis, yaitu deiksis persona, deiksis spasial, deiksis temporal, deixis sosial dan
deixis wacana. Dari data 1098, ada 882 (80,32%) deiksis persona, 59 (5,37%)
deiksis spasial, 46 (4,18%) deiksis temporal, 111 (10,10%) deiksis wacana dan 0
(0%) deiksis sosial. Hasilnya menunjukkan deiksis paling dominan dalam Play ini
adalah deiksis persona. Deskripsi mengenai penggunaan dari setiap deiksis
dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini.
Kata kunci
: Deiksis, Ekspresi Deiktik,Wacana, Pragmatik.
x
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE.....................................................................................................
TITLE PAGE.......................................................................................................
i
SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL SHEET............................................................
ii
DEPARTMENT’S APPROVAL SHEET..........................................................
iii
BOARD OF EXAMINER’S APPROVAL........................................................
iv
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION...........................................................................
v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION........................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRAK............................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I.INTRODUCTION
1
1.1.
Background of the Study..................................................
1
1.2.
Problems of the Study.......................................................
3
1.3.
Objectives to the Study.....................................................
3
1.4.
Scopes of the Study..........................................................
4
1.5.
Significances of the Study................................................
4
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
5
2.1 Defenition of Deixis...............................................................
5
2.2 Types of Deixis......................................................................
7
2.2.1Person Deixis..........................................................
7
2.2.2 Spatial Deixis..........................................................
9
2.2.3 Temporal Deixis.....................................................
10
2.2.4 Discourse Deixis.....................................................
13
xi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.2.5 Social Deixis..........................................................``
14
2.3 Play........................................................................................
16
2.4 Previous Study.......................................................................
17
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY
18
3.1 Data Source............................................................................
18
3.2 Data........................................................................................
18
3.3 Sample....................................................................................
19
3.4 Data Collecting Method.........................................................
19
3.5 Data Analyzing Method.........................................................
19
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
21
4.1 Synopsys of the Play “A Streetcar NamedDesire”...............
21
4.2 Data Presentation...................................................................
24
4.3 Analysis and Findings............................................................
28
4.3.1 Person Deixis..........................................................
29
4.3.2 Spatial Deixis..........................................................
45
4.3.3 Temporal Deixis.....................................................
48
4.3.4 Discourse Deixis.....................................................
54
4.3.5 Social Deixis...........................................................
57
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
58
5.1 Conclusion.............................................................................
58
5.2 Suggestion..............................................................................
59
BIBLIOGRAPHY
60
xii
Universitas Sumatera Utara