Model Pengolahan Limbah Cair dengan Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik dalam Upaya Produksi Bersih pada Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan
ABSTRACT
The sustainability processing strategy of crude palm oil industry is a
supply chain approach based on clean technology and housekeeping were the
main factor to be considered are biophysical aspect(earth), economy(profit and
welfare), and social (human and environment).
The purpose of this research is to get an integrated production process
model with clean technology by using crude palm oil liquid waste become a
biomass, in other to get Environmental Sustainability of The Crude Palm Oil
Industry in North Sumatera through Enhancement of Industrial Ecosystems.
This research is focused in material balance, losses, and output of the
production process. The research in material balance is raw material (fruit
incoming) which influence the rendemen and in losses is the production process
which influence by the energy, and the output from production process such as
solid waste, liquid waste, and gas.
The object of the research is PT. PP London Sumatera Indonesia Tbk, Sei
Begerpang plantation, Galang sub-district; PTPN III a Rambutan Plantation
Tebing Tinggi sub-district and some others PTPN in Sumatera observed from
January 2009 until May 2010.
The collected data is primary and secondary data. The primary data is
direct observation of the plant and the secondary data is based on structural
interview from the plan management, articles, documents related to palm oil and
web-based information.
Data processing methodology is done by testing the data related to number
of data and its normality, and testing the factors which influenced the production
process by factorial experimental design to determine clean technology of the
plant by using ISO: 14000 and doing simulation by using Powersim 2005. The
simulation result shows there is a significant relation among fruit incoming
manufacturing process palm oil product, kernel, solid waste, liquid waste, and
biomass by using two variable test with r = 0.965. While from liquid waste the
biomass is found increasing each year therefore the resulted energy increase by
10%. If the condition is adopted programmed with total quality management there
is a correlation between factors in resulted biomass as much as 0,318 meaning the
influence between the factors has a very small influence. In reality from one ton of
coconut palm fruit produce 26,7 KWh if liquid waste is processed to be electrical
energy while electrical energy used in the plant for each tonnage of production
need 15-17 KWh. The implementation of the program can reduce gas emission of
the plant as much as 28388 tonnage CO2 each year. The gas emission guaranteed
the existing environmental conservation (Industrial Park)
Key word: Clean technology, Crude Palm Oil Industry, Industrial Ecosystem,
Waste of Change, Metabolism Industry.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Model Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Kelapa Sawit secara
berkelanjutan merupakan sistem pendekatan rantai pasok (Supply Chain) yang
berbasis pada produksi dengan teknologi bersih (Clean Technology) dan
ketatalaksanaan pabrik (House Keeping), dimana faktor utama yang perlu
diperhatikan adalah aspek biophisik (planet bumi), ekonomi (profit,
kesejahteraan) dan sosial (manusia dan lingkungan).
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencapai model keterpaduan proses
produksi dengan teknologi bersih dengan pemanfaatan limbah cair pabrik kelapa
sawit menjadi biomass, sehingga tercapai industri kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara
yang berkelanjutan dengan meningkatnya ekosistem industri secara lestari
(Enviromental Suistainability of the Crude Palm Oil Industry in North Sumatera
through Enhancement of Industrial Ecosystems).
Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder dari pabrik. Data
primer berupa observasi langsung ke pabrik sedangkan data sekunder berupa hasil
wawancara terstruktur dari pihak manajemen pabrik, sumber artikel ilmiah,
dokumen asosiasi kelapa sawit dan web-based information.
Metodologi pengolahan data dilakukan adalah melakukan pengujian data
yang menyangkut kecukupan dan normalitas data, pengujian faktor-faktor yang
berpengaruh terhadap proses produksi dengan design experimental factorial,
menentukan clean technology pada pabrik kelapa sawit dengan penilaian ISO
14000 dan melakukan simulasi dengan bantuan software Powersim 2005. Hasil
simulasi yang dilakukan dengan bantuan Software Powersim 2005 menunjukkan
suatu hubungan yang significantly antara kedatangan buah, proses manufacturing
dan produk minyak sawit, inti sawit dan limbah padat, cair dan biomass yang
menggunakan uji 2 variabel dengan R= 0,965. Sedangkan dari limbah cair akan
diperoleh biomassa yang meningkat setiap tahunnya sehingga energi yang
dihasilkan juga meningkat 10%. Jika setiap tahunnya dimanfaatkan secara
terprogram dengan sistem Total Quality Management (TQM), dapat terlihat
korelasi antar faktor penghasil biomassa menghasilkan angka 0,138, artinya
pengaruh antar faktor yang mempengaruhi volume biomassa tidak begitu
berpengaruh. Kenyataan dari satu ton TBS menghasilkan 26,7 KWh jika limbah
cair diproses menjadi energi listrik. Sedangkan pemakaian arus listrik di pabrik
kelapa sawit setiap ton produksi TBS membutuhkan 15 sampai 17 KWh. Program
yang dilakukan dapat mereduksi emisi gas pada pabrik kelapa sawit sebesar
28388 ton CO2e/tahun.
Kata kunci : Clean Technology, Crude Palm Oil Industry, Industrial Ecosystem,
Waste of Change , Metabolisme Industry.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
The sustainability processing strategy of crude palm oil industry is a
supply chain approach based on clean technology and housekeeping were the
main factor to be considered are biophysical aspect(earth), economy(profit and
welfare), and social (human and environment).
The purpose of this research is to get an integrated production process
model with clean technology by using crude palm oil liquid waste become a
biomass, in other to get Environmental Sustainability of The Crude Palm Oil
Industry in North Sumatera through Enhancement of Industrial Ecosystems.
This research is focused in material balance, losses, and output of the
production process. The research in material balance is raw material (fruit
incoming) which influence the rendemen and in losses is the production process
which influence by the energy, and the output from production process such as
solid waste, liquid waste, and gas.
The object of the research is PT. PP London Sumatera Indonesia Tbk, Sei
Begerpang plantation, Galang sub-district; PTPN III a Rambutan Plantation
Tebing Tinggi sub-district and some others PTPN in Sumatera observed from
January 2009 until May 2010.
The collected data is primary and secondary data. The primary data is
direct observation of the plant and the secondary data is based on structural
interview from the plan management, articles, documents related to palm oil and
web-based information.
Data processing methodology is done by testing the data related to number
of data and its normality, and testing the factors which influenced the production
process by factorial experimental design to determine clean technology of the
plant by using ISO: 14000 and doing simulation by using Powersim 2005. The
simulation result shows there is a significant relation among fruit incoming
manufacturing process palm oil product, kernel, solid waste, liquid waste, and
biomass by using two variable test with r = 0.965. While from liquid waste the
biomass is found increasing each year therefore the resulted energy increase by
10%. If the condition is adopted programmed with total quality management there
is a correlation between factors in resulted biomass as much as 0,318 meaning the
influence between the factors has a very small influence. In reality from one ton of
coconut palm fruit produce 26,7 KWh if liquid waste is processed to be electrical
energy while electrical energy used in the plant for each tonnage of production
need 15-17 KWh. The implementation of the program can reduce gas emission of
the plant as much as 28388 tonnage CO2 each year. The gas emission guaranteed
the existing environmental conservation (Industrial Park)
Key word: Clean technology, Crude Palm Oil Industry, Industrial Ecosystem,
Waste of Change, Metabolism Industry.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Model Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Kelapa Sawit secara
berkelanjutan merupakan sistem pendekatan rantai pasok (Supply Chain) yang
berbasis pada produksi dengan teknologi bersih (Clean Technology) dan
ketatalaksanaan pabrik (House Keeping), dimana faktor utama yang perlu
diperhatikan adalah aspek biophisik (planet bumi), ekonomi (profit,
kesejahteraan) dan sosial (manusia dan lingkungan).
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencapai model keterpaduan proses
produksi dengan teknologi bersih dengan pemanfaatan limbah cair pabrik kelapa
sawit menjadi biomass, sehingga tercapai industri kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara
yang berkelanjutan dengan meningkatnya ekosistem industri secara lestari
(Enviromental Suistainability of the Crude Palm Oil Industry in North Sumatera
through Enhancement of Industrial Ecosystems).
Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder dari pabrik. Data
primer berupa observasi langsung ke pabrik sedangkan data sekunder berupa hasil
wawancara terstruktur dari pihak manajemen pabrik, sumber artikel ilmiah,
dokumen asosiasi kelapa sawit dan web-based information.
Metodologi pengolahan data dilakukan adalah melakukan pengujian data
yang menyangkut kecukupan dan normalitas data, pengujian faktor-faktor yang
berpengaruh terhadap proses produksi dengan design experimental factorial,
menentukan clean technology pada pabrik kelapa sawit dengan penilaian ISO
14000 dan melakukan simulasi dengan bantuan software Powersim 2005. Hasil
simulasi yang dilakukan dengan bantuan Software Powersim 2005 menunjukkan
suatu hubungan yang significantly antara kedatangan buah, proses manufacturing
dan produk minyak sawit, inti sawit dan limbah padat, cair dan biomass yang
menggunakan uji 2 variabel dengan R= 0,965. Sedangkan dari limbah cair akan
diperoleh biomassa yang meningkat setiap tahunnya sehingga energi yang
dihasilkan juga meningkat 10%. Jika setiap tahunnya dimanfaatkan secara
terprogram dengan sistem Total Quality Management (TQM), dapat terlihat
korelasi antar faktor penghasil biomassa menghasilkan angka 0,138, artinya
pengaruh antar faktor yang mempengaruhi volume biomassa tidak begitu
berpengaruh. Kenyataan dari satu ton TBS menghasilkan 26,7 KWh jika limbah
cair diproses menjadi energi listrik. Sedangkan pemakaian arus listrik di pabrik
kelapa sawit setiap ton produksi TBS membutuhkan 15 sampai 17 KWh. Program
yang dilakukan dapat mereduksi emisi gas pada pabrik kelapa sawit sebesar
28388 ton CO2e/tahun.
Kata kunci : Clean Technology, Crude Palm Oil Industry, Industrial Ecosystem,
Waste of Change , Metabolisme Industry.
Universitas Sumatera Utara