Genetic Characterization and Estimation Variety Eight of Papaya Genotype | Hafsah | Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter 5801 11803 1 SM
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Ge ne t ic Cha r a ct e r iz a t ion a nd Est im a t ion Va r ie t y Eight of
Pa pa ya Ge not ype
1*
Sit i Hafsah, 1 Yusnizar and 2 Firdaus
1
Depart m ent Agrot echnology, Agricult ure Facult y of Agricult ure, Syiah Kuala Universit y,
Darussalam , Banda Aceh 23111,I ndonesia:
2
I nst it ut e for Agricult ural Technology Aceh ( BPTP Aceh) , Lam pineung, Banda Aceh 23125,
I ndonesia
* Corresponding Aut hor: cyt [email protected]
Abst ra ct
Charact erizat ion and predict ion of genet ic div ersit y is one of t he st ages on t he papay a plant breeding
act iv it ies in obt aining t he parent plant in accordan ce wit h a predet erm ined idiot ipe. Karak t ersasi done
aft er ex plorat ion and germ plasm collect ion is done. Cu rren t ly t he plant breeding laborat ory st udies
program Agrot echnology Facult y of Agricult ure has som e papay a genot y pes were successfully
collect ed is fr om t he cross, a collect ion of som e areas, collect ion of resear ch cent er s Tr opical Fr uit s
I PB Bogor and Fruit Research I nst it ut e Solok . The general obj ect iv e is t o get a papay a plant breeding
bet t er v ariet ies from ex ist ing v ariet ies ( new idiot ipe) . Papay a plant charact erist ics desired by idiot y pe
is a st rong plant , short st at ure and quick t o bear fruit , t r ee herm aphrodit e, not t he form at ion of
st am ens k arpeloid ( im perfect ) or st erile, resist ant t o pest s and diseases and high product ion.
Charact erist ics of preferred fruit is sweet , flav orful soft , sm oot h fruit sk in, t hick flesh is red, round
cav it y and it s shelf- life longer. The st udy was conduct ed in Gardens Farm ers in Saree Aceh Besar,
using eight genot y pes of papay a explorat ion result s. Ex perim ent s using a com plet ely random ized
design were repeat ed t hree t im es. The param et er s observ ed qualit at iv e and quant it at iv e charact ers
on v eget at iv e and generat iv e phase. The result s showed t hat genot y pe Calina hav e short st at ure and
fast fruit ing as well as high product ion pot ent ial. Merah delim a genot y pe showed a slow germ inat ion
and growt h. From t he eigt h genot ipe papay a t est ed showed high genet ic diversit y and high
herit abilit y . Therefore, t he select ion can be done in early generat ions.
Ke yw o rds: charact erizat ion, I diot y pe, Crosses
I nt r oduct ion
Papaya ( Carica papaya) is one of t he m ost im portant fruit crops in t he fulfillm ent of calcium and a
good source of vit am ins A and C ( Nakasom e and Paull 1998) . Besides consum ed as fresh fruit , ripe
papaya fruit can be processed int o beverages, and as raw m aterial for t he food indust ry ( Villegas
1997) . Product ivit y papaya in I ndonesia in 2004 could reach 73.26 t / ha and decreased t o 64.67 t /
ha in 2005 ( FAO, 2005). Product ivit y decline is caused by m any fact ors, am ong ot hers; drought ,
clim ate change, pests and diseases. Ot her obstacles t hat com m only occur in t he cult ivat ion of papaya
am ong which product ivit y is low, t he size of t he fruit less as expected, t he lim it ed variet ies are aged
genj ah and was short, t otal dissolved solids is st ill below 11 0brix and adapt abilit y low against
environm ent al st ress, especially drought , kegenangan and pests and diseases ( LP- I PB 2001) . Papaya
ut ilizat ion m ost ly as fresh fruit , t herefore, t he crit eria and t he character of papaya fruit qualit y is very
im portant. According t o Kader ( 2002) papaya fruit qualit y characters, am ong ot hers; uniform it y of
size and color, integrit y, free from defects such as burns, skin wounds, because insects and pathogens
as well as picking t he right t im e.
One of t he opportunit ies for solving t hese problem s is t hrough papaya breeding act ivit ies t o obtain
new superior cult ivars t hat have desirable propert ies such as high product ivit y, rapid fruit ion and
resist ant t o pest s and diseases. The general object ive of breeding cult ivars papaya is get t ing bet ter
t han exist ing cult ivars. I n Rusnas program ( 2000) has set t he new desired ideot ype papaya is: has t he
propert y of dwarf t rees (dwarf), rapid flowering period (early m at uring) , high product ivit y and pest
resist ant , and suit able for fresh consum pt ion or indust rial papain. For fresh consum pt ion, the
propert ies of papaya fruit which is desirable include: sm all- m edium ( 0.5 - 1.0 kg / fruit ) or large ( > 3
kg) , flesh color orange t o red, has a skin color green wit h red- orange ( t inge) in she int errupt ed, cavit y
sm all fruit ( edible port ion height ), rind sm oot h, the fruit com es from herm aphrodite flowers so that
oval ( oblong) , a text ured solid ( firm ) , sweet t ast e wit hout any bit terness or sense of sap, long shelf
life and t ypical scented. Research carried out aim ed t o charact erize eight papaya genot ypes were
chosen as elders are Calina, Carisa, Bont ang , Pont i. Hibrida 2x1, Dapina, Merah delim a, Carm ida.
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
The st udy was conducted in t he laborat ory of plant breeding and Gardens Agroteknologi Personal
Experim ent in Saree Aceh Besar. The study was conduct ed in January to Novem ber 2015. The
179
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
experim ent was arranged in a random ized block design ( RAK) non fact orial wit h t hree replicat ions.
The experim ent consist s of eight papaya genot ypes are genot ypes Calina, Carisa ( from PKHT I PB) ,
Pont i, Bontang ( Borneo) so, Carm ida, Dapina, Hibrida 2x1 and Merah Delim a From Balit bu Solok.
Each experim ent al unit consist ed of t wo plant s t hat t he overall am ount of 48 plant s.
The research begins wit h; ( 1) Seeding papaya seeds, papaya seeds t hat have been prepared
beforehand soaked wit h At onik wit h a concent rat ion of 2% for two hours, then planted in polybags,
each 2 point s per polybag. ( 2) Preparat ion of t he land, t he land t hat will be used first m ade land
preparat ion and m ade beds wit h a width of 2 m et ers and a height of 0.2 m eters. The distance
bet ween beds 0.5 m eters. Above t he beds are m ade plant ing hole wit h a size of 40 x 40 x 40 cm .
Spacing used was 2.5 m X 2.5 m . Plant ing hole left for 3 days and t hen put m anure t o the plant ing
hole or cover up as m uch as 50 kg. ( 3) Plant ing is done during t he 2- m ont h-old seedlings, or t he
average num ber of leaves 5 pieces. ( 4) Fert ilization of NPK ( 16: 16: 16) t he dose used is t he
recom m ended dose of fert ilizer papaya. Maint enance done that wat ering twice a day if it does not
rain, cont rolling bully orgaism e m echanically and chem ically. Weeds are cont rolled m anually.
The param eters observed in experim ent al I t consists of quant itat ive and qualit at ive dat a. Qualit at ive
data, am ong ot hers, leaf color, leaf shape, t ype of plant , flower color, quant itat ive data am ong ot her
t hings, plant height , stem diam eter, num ber of leaves, num ber of nodes (sect ions) , The lengt h of t he
node ( the longest segm ent ) , pet iole lengt h of t he longest , high locat ion of t he first flower. Data were
analyzed by ANOVA, if t he real F t est conduct ed furt her test DMRT ( Duncan Mult iple Range Test ) at
5% level.
Results a nd D iscussion
Observat ions were m ade aft er t he plant was m oved spaciousness , start ing at old plant s 75 days after
plant ing ( DAP ) or 30 days after t ransplant ing. Result s of analysis of variance showed t hat growt h in
t he field of eight genot ypes at 75 days after plant ing showed t he sam e plant height. The difference is
very apparent in t he 90 and 115 HST observat ions ( Table 1). Based on t he crit eria of superior papaya
Calina and Merah delim a can be selected as a parent because bot h the genot ype short . Age 90 HST
alm ost all genot ypes have st arted flowering. Based Rusnas ( 2000 ) has set t he new desired ideot ype
papaya is: has t he propert y of dwarf t rees (dwarf) .
Table 1. Plant height of four genot ypes of papaya
Genot y pe
Plant Heigt ( cm )
75 DAP
90 DAP
115 DAP
Carisa
62.83
67.00 ab
112.66 bc
Hibrida 2x 1
63.16
87.16 c
137.66 d
Calina
45.33
59.66 a
86 .00 a
Carm ida
61.66
76.50 abc
120.00 cd
Pont i
61.16
74.83 abc
92.66 ab
Dapina
65.50
77.50 abc
124.00 cd
Bont ang
63.50
84.66 bc
117.00 cd
Merah Delim a
51.83
65.33 a
84.00 a
Not e: The num bers followed by sam e let t ers in t he sam e colum n do not significant ly different base on DMRT at
5% . DAP ( day s aft er plant ing) .
Papaya st em diam eter observed eight genot ypes showed significant differences from 75 t o 115 dap.
Diam et er is a character t hat shows t he robustness of a plant , t he larger t he diam eter of t he st em t hen
t he st urdy plants. At the 90 days after plant ing, papaya plants have ent ered t he generat ive phase,
alm ost all genot ypes have a big stem diam eter is between 4: 36 t o 5.26 cm . Only t wo genot ypes t hat
have a sm all diam eter rod t hat is m erah delim a and pont i.
Table 2. Diam eter of stem of four papaya genot ypes
Genot y pe
Diam et er of St em ( cm )
75 DAP
90 DAP
115 DAP
Carisa
2.15bc
3.31bc
4.63ab
Hibrida 2x 1
2.35c
3.83c
5.20b
Calina
1.81ab
3.15b
4.56ab
Carm ida
2.23bc
3.38bc
5.26b
Pont i
1.81ab
2.26a
3.60a
Dapina
2.41c
3.48bc
5.23b
Bont ang
2.55c
3.60bc
4.36ab
Merah Delim a
1.46a
2.26a
3.33a
Not e: The num bers followed by sam e let t ers in t he sam e colum n do not significant ly different base on DMRT at
5% .DAP ( day s aft er plant ing)
180
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
The num ber of nodes were m easured at t he t im e t he plant entered t he generat ive phase . Generat ive
phase is characterized by t he release of int erest . Alm ost all genot ypes entering t he phase gerat if at 90
dap, except ruby lat e ent ering t he generat ive phase. The num ber of nodes show high variat ion , t he
lowest num ber of nodes on t he genot ype Calina, pont i and ruby red. The num ber of nodes is closely
associat ed wit h t he fruit produced. High first flowers are also very varied, but high in fruit less varied.
Locat ion of t he first fruit s lowest in Calina and ruby, while six ot her genot ypes have t he locat ion of t he
first pieces t hat did not differ.
Table 3. Num bers of Node ( ruas), Heigt of first flower and Heigt of first fruit
Genot y pe
Num bers of node
Heigt of first flower ( cm )
Heigt of first fruit ( cm )
Carisa
15.16 c
60.50cd
82.50b
Hibrida 2x 1
14.00c
66.33d
89.83b
Calina
10.16a
37.00a
52.50a
Carm ida
14.33c
53.50bc
82.50b
Pont i
11.16ab
51.16b
86.16b
Dapina
12.83bc
59.33bcd
93.83b
Bont ang
13.00bc
56.50bc
87.66b
Merah Delim a
10.16a
43.33a
57.66a
Not e: The num bers followed by sam e let t ers in t he sam e colum n do not significant ly different base on DMRT at
5% .DAP ( day s aft er plant ing)
Conclusion
The observat ion of t he perform ance of the veget at ive characters of the eight papaya genot ypes were
t est ed shown t hat papaya plant genot ype Calina has a shorter plant display . As for t he character and
t he num ber of st em diam eter showed no difference bet ween t he four genot ypes t ested. Genot ype
pont i has a longer flowering t im e com pared with 3 ot her genot ypes are Calina, Carisa and Bontang.
High- interest first em erged shows t hat high int erest Calina has the shortest com pared to t hree ot her
genot ypes. Types of plants herm aphrodite is highest in genot ype Calina and, while pont i not indicat e
t he t ype of plant t hat is obviously because of the int erest that arises is st ill very sm all t im e of
observat ion 90 days after plant ing, Bont ang produced t hree t ypes of plants are fem ale ( 40 % ) , m ale
( 20 % ) and herm aphrodite ( 40 % ). This is presum ably because t he source of the seed used t o
bontang obt ained t hrough open- pollinat ed t he fem ale plants.
Ack now ledgem e nts
Thank you for assist ance subm it ted to t he Higher Educat ion funding Fundam ent al research grant s in
2015 , also t o t he Research I nst it ute of UNSYI AH
Re fe re n ce s
Chan YK. 1994. Progress in breeding of F1 papay a hy brids in Malay sia. Act a Hort 292 : 41- 4 9.
Chan YK. 1995. Dev elopm ent of F1 hy brids for papay a ( Carica papay a) seed
product ion and perform ance of
F1 hy brids [ Disert asi] . Un iv of Malay a: Malay sia.
[ FAO]
Food
and
Agricult ure
Organizat ion.
2005.
Agricult ural
Dat a:
FAOst at .
Papay as.ht t p: / / apps.fao.org/ page/ collect ion s?subset = agricu lt ure [ 10 m aret 200 7] .
Kader AA. 2002. Papay a “ Recom m endat ions for m aint aining post harv est qualit y ”
Post harv est Technology
Research I nform at ion Cent er Depart m ent of Plant Sci.
Univ ersit y of California.
Kerm anshai R, Mc Carry BE, Rosenfeld J, Sum m ers PS, Werent ilny h EA, Sorger GJ.
2001. Benzy l isot hiocy nat e
is t he chief or sole ant helm int ic in papay a ex t ract s.
Phy t ochem ist ry 51: 427- 4 35.
Nak asone HY, Paull RE. 1998 . Tropical fruit . CAB I nt er nat ion al, Wallingford.
[ OGTR] Office of t he Gene Techn ology Regulat or. 2003 . The biology and ecology of Papay a ( paw paw) , Carica
papay a L. in Aust ralia.
ht t p: / / www. ogt r.gov .au/ pdf/ ir/ papay a.pdf [ Januari 2004] .
Ruk m ana R. 1995. Pepay a: Budiday a dan Pasca Panen ( Papay a: Hy brids and Post harv est ) Penerbit Kanisius.
Jak art a.
Russell GE. 1981. Plant Breeding for Pest and Disease Resist ance. St udies in t he agricult ural and food science.
Rut t erwort hs, London .
Villegas VN. 1992. Carica papay a L. Di dalam Verheij EWM & Cor one RE, edit or Plant Resources of Sout h- East
Asia: Edible Fruit s and Nut s No.2. PROSEA
Foundat ion. Bogor. Hlm .108- 112.
Villegas VN. 1997. Adible fruit s and nut s – Carica papaya L. Di dalam Verheij EWM,
Coronel RE, edit or,
Wageningen Univ . Net herlands.
181
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Ge ne t ic Cha r a ct e r iz a t ion a nd Est im a t ion Va r ie t y Eight of
Pa pa ya Ge not ype
1*
Sit i Hafsah, 1 Yusnizar and 2 Firdaus
1
Depart m ent Agrot echnology, Agricult ure Facult y of Agricult ure, Syiah Kuala Universit y,
Darussalam , Banda Aceh 23111,I ndonesia:
2
I nst it ut e for Agricult ural Technology Aceh ( BPTP Aceh) , Lam pineung, Banda Aceh 23125,
I ndonesia
* Corresponding Aut hor: cyt [email protected]
Abst ra ct
Charact erizat ion and predict ion of genet ic div ersit y is one of t he st ages on t he papay a plant breeding
act iv it ies in obt aining t he parent plant in accordan ce wit h a predet erm ined idiot ipe. Karak t ersasi done
aft er ex plorat ion and germ plasm collect ion is done. Cu rren t ly t he plant breeding laborat ory st udies
program Agrot echnology Facult y of Agricult ure has som e papay a genot y pes were successfully
collect ed is fr om t he cross, a collect ion of som e areas, collect ion of resear ch cent er s Tr opical Fr uit s
I PB Bogor and Fruit Research I nst it ut e Solok . The general obj ect iv e is t o get a papay a plant breeding
bet t er v ariet ies from ex ist ing v ariet ies ( new idiot ipe) . Papay a plant charact erist ics desired by idiot y pe
is a st rong plant , short st at ure and quick t o bear fruit , t r ee herm aphrodit e, not t he form at ion of
st am ens k arpeloid ( im perfect ) or st erile, resist ant t o pest s and diseases and high product ion.
Charact erist ics of preferred fruit is sweet , flav orful soft , sm oot h fruit sk in, t hick flesh is red, round
cav it y and it s shelf- life longer. The st udy was conduct ed in Gardens Farm ers in Saree Aceh Besar,
using eight genot y pes of papay a explorat ion result s. Ex perim ent s using a com plet ely random ized
design were repeat ed t hree t im es. The param et er s observ ed qualit at iv e and quant it at iv e charact ers
on v eget at iv e and generat iv e phase. The result s showed t hat genot y pe Calina hav e short st at ure and
fast fruit ing as well as high product ion pot ent ial. Merah delim a genot y pe showed a slow germ inat ion
and growt h. From t he eigt h genot ipe papay a t est ed showed high genet ic diversit y and high
herit abilit y . Therefore, t he select ion can be done in early generat ions.
Ke yw o rds: charact erizat ion, I diot y pe, Crosses
I nt r oduct ion
Papaya ( Carica papaya) is one of t he m ost im portant fruit crops in t he fulfillm ent of calcium and a
good source of vit am ins A and C ( Nakasom e and Paull 1998) . Besides consum ed as fresh fruit , ripe
papaya fruit can be processed int o beverages, and as raw m aterial for t he food indust ry ( Villegas
1997) . Product ivit y papaya in I ndonesia in 2004 could reach 73.26 t / ha and decreased t o 64.67 t /
ha in 2005 ( FAO, 2005). Product ivit y decline is caused by m any fact ors, am ong ot hers; drought ,
clim ate change, pests and diseases. Ot her obstacles t hat com m only occur in t he cult ivat ion of papaya
am ong which product ivit y is low, t he size of t he fruit less as expected, t he lim it ed variet ies are aged
genj ah and was short, t otal dissolved solids is st ill below 11 0brix and adapt abilit y low against
environm ent al st ress, especially drought , kegenangan and pests and diseases ( LP- I PB 2001) . Papaya
ut ilizat ion m ost ly as fresh fruit , t herefore, t he crit eria and t he character of papaya fruit qualit y is very
im portant. According t o Kader ( 2002) papaya fruit qualit y characters, am ong ot hers; uniform it y of
size and color, integrit y, free from defects such as burns, skin wounds, because insects and pathogens
as well as picking t he right t im e.
One of t he opportunit ies for solving t hese problem s is t hrough papaya breeding act ivit ies t o obtain
new superior cult ivars t hat have desirable propert ies such as high product ivit y, rapid fruit ion and
resist ant t o pest s and diseases. The general object ive of breeding cult ivars papaya is get t ing bet ter
t han exist ing cult ivars. I n Rusnas program ( 2000) has set t he new desired ideot ype papaya is: has t he
propert y of dwarf t rees (dwarf), rapid flowering period (early m at uring) , high product ivit y and pest
resist ant , and suit able for fresh consum pt ion or indust rial papain. For fresh consum pt ion, the
propert ies of papaya fruit which is desirable include: sm all- m edium ( 0.5 - 1.0 kg / fruit ) or large ( > 3
kg) , flesh color orange t o red, has a skin color green wit h red- orange ( t inge) in she int errupt ed, cavit y
sm all fruit ( edible port ion height ), rind sm oot h, the fruit com es from herm aphrodite flowers so that
oval ( oblong) , a text ured solid ( firm ) , sweet t ast e wit hout any bit terness or sense of sap, long shelf
life and t ypical scented. Research carried out aim ed t o charact erize eight papaya genot ypes were
chosen as elders are Calina, Carisa, Bont ang , Pont i. Hibrida 2x1, Dapina, Merah delim a, Carm ida.
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
The st udy was conducted in t he laborat ory of plant breeding and Gardens Agroteknologi Personal
Experim ent in Saree Aceh Besar. The study was conduct ed in January to Novem ber 2015. The
179
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
experim ent was arranged in a random ized block design ( RAK) non fact orial wit h t hree replicat ions.
The experim ent consist s of eight papaya genot ypes are genot ypes Calina, Carisa ( from PKHT I PB) ,
Pont i, Bontang ( Borneo) so, Carm ida, Dapina, Hibrida 2x1 and Merah Delim a From Balit bu Solok.
Each experim ent al unit consist ed of t wo plant s t hat t he overall am ount of 48 plant s.
The research begins wit h; ( 1) Seeding papaya seeds, papaya seeds t hat have been prepared
beforehand soaked wit h At onik wit h a concent rat ion of 2% for two hours, then planted in polybags,
each 2 point s per polybag. ( 2) Preparat ion of t he land, t he land t hat will be used first m ade land
preparat ion and m ade beds wit h a width of 2 m et ers and a height of 0.2 m eters. The distance
bet ween beds 0.5 m eters. Above t he beds are m ade plant ing hole wit h a size of 40 x 40 x 40 cm .
Spacing used was 2.5 m X 2.5 m . Plant ing hole left for 3 days and t hen put m anure t o the plant ing
hole or cover up as m uch as 50 kg. ( 3) Plant ing is done during t he 2- m ont h-old seedlings, or t he
average num ber of leaves 5 pieces. ( 4) Fert ilization of NPK ( 16: 16: 16) t he dose used is t he
recom m ended dose of fert ilizer papaya. Maint enance done that wat ering twice a day if it does not
rain, cont rolling bully orgaism e m echanically and chem ically. Weeds are cont rolled m anually.
The param eters observed in experim ent al I t consists of quant itat ive and qualit at ive dat a. Qualit at ive
data, am ong ot hers, leaf color, leaf shape, t ype of plant , flower color, quant itat ive data am ong ot her
t hings, plant height , stem diam eter, num ber of leaves, num ber of nodes (sect ions) , The lengt h of t he
node ( the longest segm ent ) , pet iole lengt h of t he longest , high locat ion of t he first flower. Data were
analyzed by ANOVA, if t he real F t est conduct ed furt her test DMRT ( Duncan Mult iple Range Test ) at
5% level.
Results a nd D iscussion
Observat ions were m ade aft er t he plant was m oved spaciousness , start ing at old plant s 75 days after
plant ing ( DAP ) or 30 days after t ransplant ing. Result s of analysis of variance showed t hat growt h in
t he field of eight genot ypes at 75 days after plant ing showed t he sam e plant height. The difference is
very apparent in t he 90 and 115 HST observat ions ( Table 1). Based on t he crit eria of superior papaya
Calina and Merah delim a can be selected as a parent because bot h the genot ype short . Age 90 HST
alm ost all genot ypes have st arted flowering. Based Rusnas ( 2000 ) has set t he new desired ideot ype
papaya is: has t he propert y of dwarf t rees (dwarf) .
Table 1. Plant height of four genot ypes of papaya
Genot y pe
Plant Heigt ( cm )
75 DAP
90 DAP
115 DAP
Carisa
62.83
67.00 ab
112.66 bc
Hibrida 2x 1
63.16
87.16 c
137.66 d
Calina
45.33
59.66 a
86 .00 a
Carm ida
61.66
76.50 abc
120.00 cd
Pont i
61.16
74.83 abc
92.66 ab
Dapina
65.50
77.50 abc
124.00 cd
Bont ang
63.50
84.66 bc
117.00 cd
Merah Delim a
51.83
65.33 a
84.00 a
Not e: The num bers followed by sam e let t ers in t he sam e colum n do not significant ly different base on DMRT at
5% . DAP ( day s aft er plant ing) .
Papaya st em diam eter observed eight genot ypes showed significant differences from 75 t o 115 dap.
Diam et er is a character t hat shows t he robustness of a plant , t he larger t he diam eter of t he st em t hen
t he st urdy plants. At the 90 days after plant ing, papaya plants have ent ered t he generat ive phase,
alm ost all genot ypes have a big stem diam eter is between 4: 36 t o 5.26 cm . Only t wo genot ypes t hat
have a sm all diam eter rod t hat is m erah delim a and pont i.
Table 2. Diam eter of stem of four papaya genot ypes
Genot y pe
Diam et er of St em ( cm )
75 DAP
90 DAP
115 DAP
Carisa
2.15bc
3.31bc
4.63ab
Hibrida 2x 1
2.35c
3.83c
5.20b
Calina
1.81ab
3.15b
4.56ab
Carm ida
2.23bc
3.38bc
5.26b
Pont i
1.81ab
2.26a
3.60a
Dapina
2.41c
3.48bc
5.23b
Bont ang
2.55c
3.60bc
4.36ab
Merah Delim a
1.46a
2.26a
3.33a
Not e: The num bers followed by sam e let t ers in t he sam e colum n do not significant ly different base on DMRT at
5% .DAP ( day s aft er plant ing)
180
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
The num ber of nodes were m easured at t he t im e t he plant entered t he generat ive phase . Generat ive
phase is characterized by t he release of int erest . Alm ost all genot ypes entering t he phase gerat if at 90
dap, except ruby lat e ent ering t he generat ive phase. The num ber of nodes show high variat ion , t he
lowest num ber of nodes on t he genot ype Calina, pont i and ruby red. The num ber of nodes is closely
associat ed wit h t he fruit produced. High first flowers are also very varied, but high in fruit less varied.
Locat ion of t he first fruit s lowest in Calina and ruby, while six ot her genot ypes have t he locat ion of t he
first pieces t hat did not differ.
Table 3. Num bers of Node ( ruas), Heigt of first flower and Heigt of first fruit
Genot y pe
Num bers of node
Heigt of first flower ( cm )
Heigt of first fruit ( cm )
Carisa
15.16 c
60.50cd
82.50b
Hibrida 2x 1
14.00c
66.33d
89.83b
Calina
10.16a
37.00a
52.50a
Carm ida
14.33c
53.50bc
82.50b
Pont i
11.16ab
51.16b
86.16b
Dapina
12.83bc
59.33bcd
93.83b
Bont ang
13.00bc
56.50bc
87.66b
Merah Delim a
10.16a
43.33a
57.66a
Not e: The num bers followed by sam e let t ers in t he sam e colum n do not significant ly different base on DMRT at
5% .DAP ( day s aft er plant ing)
Conclusion
The observat ion of t he perform ance of the veget at ive characters of the eight papaya genot ypes were
t est ed shown t hat papaya plant genot ype Calina has a shorter plant display . As for t he character and
t he num ber of st em diam eter showed no difference bet ween t he four genot ypes t ested. Genot ype
pont i has a longer flowering t im e com pared with 3 ot her genot ypes are Calina, Carisa and Bontang.
High- interest first em erged shows t hat high int erest Calina has the shortest com pared to t hree ot her
genot ypes. Types of plants herm aphrodite is highest in genot ype Calina and, while pont i not indicat e
t he t ype of plant t hat is obviously because of the int erest that arises is st ill very sm all t im e of
observat ion 90 days after plant ing, Bont ang produced t hree t ypes of plants are fem ale ( 40 % ) , m ale
( 20 % ) and herm aphrodite ( 40 % ). This is presum ably because t he source of the seed used t o
bontang obt ained t hrough open- pollinat ed t he fem ale plants.
Ack now ledgem e nts
Thank you for assist ance subm it ted to t he Higher Educat ion funding Fundam ent al research grant s in
2015 , also t o t he Research I nst it ute of UNSYI AH
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