Rejuvenation and Characterization of Local Rice Germplasm (Orya sativa L.) Under Organic Cultivation Syste | Efendi | Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter 5805 11811 1 SM
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Re j uve na t ion a nd Cha r a ct e r iz a t ion of Loca l Rice
Ge r m pla sm ( Or ya sa t iva L.) Un de r Or ga nic Cult iva t ion
Syst e m
1*
Efendi, 1 Bakht iar, 1 Sabaruddin Zakaria, and 1Syafruddin
Laborat ory of Genet ics and Plant Breeding, Depart m ent of Agrot echnology, Facult y of
Agricult ure, Syiah Kuala Universit y, Darussalam , Banda Aceh 23111, I ndonesia
* Corresponding Aut hor: [email protected]
Abst ra ct
The research was carried out t o rej uv enat e and ev aluat e t he perform ances of plant charact ers of
rice genot y ps t o produce a pure lines t hat are suit able for organic cult iv at ion m et hod. Thirt y
genot y pes of t he select ed local rice were conduct ed t o ev aluat e t he phenot y pe perform ances under
t he organic cult iv at ion m et hod. The rice genot y pes were ut ilized in t his ex perim ent t o ev aluat e
t heir m orpho- agron om ic charact ers under organic cult iv at ion sy st em . Charact erizat ion of seed
perform ances of each accession was described and cat alogued t o ident ify t heir accession t rait s. I n
addit ion, genot y pic differences and sim ilarit ies were also charact erized and cat alogued. Duplicat e
accessions were elim inat ed from t he sam e v ariet y or nearly ident ical v ariant s of a v ariet y . The
m orpho- agron om ic perform ances of plant height , num ber of t illers, lifespan, nu m ber of panicles,
filled grains per spik e, 1000 grains weight , grain y ield pot ent ial, and harv est index were clearly
affect ed by t he genot y pe. The result s showed t hat t he genot y pes were great ly v aried t he m orphoagronom ic perform an ces. , if organic sy st em was applied, it was found t hat t he responses of rice
growt h and y ield of local v ariet ies of Aceh is bet t er t han rice v ariet ies cult iv at ed by t he nat ional and
int roduct ion genot y pe.
Ke y w ords: r ice, genot y pes, organic, germ plasm , rej uv enat ion
I nt r oduct ion
Recent ly, agricult ure product ion has since been affect ed by clim ate changes as well. LAPAN analyzed
t hat the daily t em perature has been increasing as t he highest point in Aceh is located at t he
nort hwest ern t ip of t he Sum atera island ( Sipayung, 2007) . During t he period of a hundred year
observat ions from 1900, t he surface t em perat ure increases t o about 1.9° C. The drought st ress and
high tem perat ure are becom ing t wo of t he significant abiot ic st resses lim it ing plant growt h and
product ivit y ( I PCC, 2007). Hence, t he im pacts of global warm ing of t his province becom e a m ore
serious problem for ensuring food securit y. Adapt at ion efforts such as plant breeding for t olerance t o
abiot ic st ress m ust be studied for the exploit at ion of adapt ive genot ypes. Characterizat ion of rice
collect ions for ident ificat ion is very im portant to exploit t he genet ic diversit y within rice germ plasm .
St udies showed t hat som e m orpho-agronom ic t rait s, as well as react ion t o abiot ic st resses, t hat are
known to be in t he individual accessions increase the im portance of t he germ plasm ( Golam et al.,
2011; El- Hendawy et al., 2012; Boriboonkaset et al., 2012) . The perform ance leads t o a m ore efficient
use of germ plasm in t he collect ion. There is a wide genet ic variabilit y available in rice am ong and
bet ween landraces leaving a wide scope for fut ure crop im provem ent t o be efficient. The appropriate
m ethods in t he genet ic im provem ent becom e effecient ( Rahm an et al., 2009). Lately it was t o
characterize t he perform ances of m orpho- agronom ic characters of rice landraces in developing new
variet ies t hat are adapt able t o clim at e change and suit able for t he organic SRI m et hod. Sixt een
genot ypes of t he selected local rice were t reat ed t o evaluate t he phenot ypes under t he organic
cult ivat ion m et hod ( Efendi et al., 2015) . I n t his research, it was cont inued to evaluate the m orphoagronom ic of different local rice germ plasm t hat could be used for developing a new variet ies t hat are
adaptable t o clim ate change.
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
Cha r a ct er iz a t ion of rice ge notype s
Thirt y sam ples of local rice variet ies were collected from the Aceh province of I ndonesia. The sam ples
were analyzed and characterize for seed perform ances. I n det ail, genot ypic differences and sim ilarities
were also characterized and catalogued. Duplicat e accessions were elim inated from t he sam e variet y
or nearly ident ical variants of a variet y. The genot ypes of t he rem aining sam ples were ut ilized in t his
experim ent to evaluate t heir plant characters under organic cult ivat ion syst em . The sixteen genot ypes
used in t his research are: Acong, Babulon, Bo Padang, Boh Santeut, Boh Sireut oh, Cut Krusek, Lam no
4, Mayam U, Pade Barcelona, Pade Mas, Pade Pangku, Pade Pe 66, Pandrah, Ram os Tihion, Rom
I lang, Rom Mokot , Rongan Lango, Salah Mayang Ru, Sanbei, Sem ere, Sepuluo, Sialek, Sigeudop,
190
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Sigodok 203, Sigodok 209, Silia, Sipirok, Sirende. The last two varit ies, Ciherang ( nat ional variet y and
I RBB- 27 ( int oduct ion variet y) used as the cont rol genot ypes.
Re j uv e na t ion a nd ev a lua t ion of pla nt char a ct e rs
The rejuvenat ion was conducted at t he Experim ental St at ion, Facult y of Agricult ure, Universit y of
Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia from Februray t o July, 2015. Rice was planted wit h oganic syst em
t hat followed by cult ivat ing plant s in pots. Germ inat ion of t he rice seeds were done int o a t ray
containing nat ural sandy loam soil wit h com post. Seedlings of seven days old were uprooted from t he
nursery t rays carefully. Cont inously, t he seedlings were t ransplanted int o t he well- puddled
experim ental pots filled. No chem ical fert ilizers were applied during bot h in land preparat ion and crop
establishm ent. I rrigat ion was applied by regular irrigat ion wit h alternat e wet t ing and drying from
t ransplant ing t o t he m axim um t illering stage. The crop of each plot was harvested separat ely on
different dates, when 90% of t he grains becam e golden yellow in color. The principal plant charact ers
t hat were syst em at ically recorded on the plant and pot basis at different growt h st ages. The research
was laid out in a Random ized Com plete Block Design ( RCBD) wit h 3 replicat ions. Rice of t hirt y
genot ypes were designed as non- fact orial RCBD. The dat a were stat ist ically analyzed by ANOVA
( analysis of variance) technique.
Results a nd D iscussion
Pla nt height , num be r of t ille rs, life cy cle, a nd product iv e pa nicles
The result s ( Tabel 1) showed significant differences am ong t he rice genot ipes for t raits related t o plant
height , num ber of t illers, life cycle, and product ive panicles. The plant perform ances of rice genot ypes
clearly referred t o a high genet ic variat ion of t he local rice. Plant height was significant ly affected by
t he observed genot ypes. This result showed t hat plant height was clearly different am ong t he
genot ypes. The plant height ranged between 87- 205 cm . These result s indicat ed t hat t he ident ified
genot ypes of rice have a high genet ic variat ion. Som e studies revealed t hat plant height is affected by
a series of nodes and internodes of t he genot ypes. However, during reproduct ive growt h, the
upperm ost int ernodes elongate t o exert the panicle above the leaf sheat hs ( Yoshida and Horie, 2010;
El- Hendawy et al., 2012). The num ber of t illers and product ive panicles were significant ly affect ed by
t he genot ypes. The num ber of t illers ranged from 6- 42 and product ive panicles ranged from 5- 30.
Sm it h and Dilday ( 2003) explained t hat som e cult ivars have a m axim um t iller num ber and are also
observed t o have a term inat ion point for effect ive t illering. This condit ion of t iller num ber relat es t o
t he num ber of panicles at m at urit y. Thakur et al. ( 2011) proved that significant im provem ents were
observed in num ber of t illers per hill under an aerobic condit ion.
Filled gr ains pe r spik e , 1 0 0 0 gr a ins w e ight
The yield com ponent s were significant ly influenced by t he genot ypes of rice ( Table 2) . I n t his st udy,
t he highest percent age of filled grains per spike was observed from t he genot ype of Pade Pe- 66.
Tuyen and Prasad ( 2008) explained t hat the difference of yield param et ers am ong rice genot ypes
varied am ong all m orphological t raits. The results of grains weight also showed a phenot ype variat ion
in grains weight of t he observed rice landraces ( Table 2) . This st udy found t hat 1000 grains weight of
t he rice genot ypes was significant ly different am ong t he genot ypes. Sarwar et al. ( 2012) found t hat
t here are significant differences regarding t he values of m orphological charact ers of rice grains. Grain
size is t he m ost im port ant fact or which influences the yield of rice qualit y. The grain has a st rong
correlat ion wit h 1000- grain weight .
Table 1. The av erage of plant height , num ber of t illers, life cy cle, product iv e panicles t hat effect ed by t he different
of rice genot y pes
Genot y pes
Plant Height ( cm )
Num ber of t illers
Life cy cle ( day s)
Product iv e panicles
Acong
96
9
127
9
Babulon
87
18
119
17
Bo Padang
103.5
11
114
7
Boh Sant eut
86.5
23
121
15
Boh Sireut oh
93
22
121
17
Ciherang
90
11
101
8
Cut Krusek
119
23
119
22
I RBB27
92
18
105
15
191
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Lam no 4
93
18
117
17
May am U
137
21
114
13
Pade Barsilona
134
21
119
18
Pade Mas
134
11
102
9
Pade Pangk u
111
9
119
5
Pade Pe 66
187
13
108
10
Pandrah
170
6
119
6
Ram os Tihion
167
10
119
8
Rom I lang
159
15
114
7
Rom Mok ot
169
9
129
9
Rongan Lango
156
42
119
30
Salah May ang Ru
113
19
129
26
Sanbei
165
10
120
6
Sem ere
162
10
112
9
Sepuluo
139
23
112
15
Sialek
171
13
119
11
Sigeudop
151
14
126
11
Sigodok 203
183
6
95
6
Sigodok 209
129
17
108
17
Silia
205
12
119
8
Sipirok
151
8
111
8
Sirende
151
24
130
18
Gr a in y ield pot e nt ia l and ha rv est inde x
Table 2 shows t hat genot ypes affect ed grain yield potent ial and havest index significant ly. The highest
result of grain yield pot ent ial was obt ained from the genot ype of Rom I lang. However, t he best
harvest index was found at genot ype of Pade Pangku. Mishra and Slokhe ( 2011) explained t hat
greater root length densit y and chlorophyll cont ent of t he flag leaf and t he durat ion of grain filling
affect t he yield- cont ribut ing param et ers in all t rials. These relat ionships can significant ly im prove rice
plant physiological efficiency and, hence, grain yield. I n anot her research, Thakur et al. ( 2011) found
t hat grain yield increased and significant im provem ent s were observed in t he m orphology of rice
plants.
Table 2. The av erage of filled grains per spik e, 1000 grains weight , grain y ield pot ent ial
harv est index t hat effect ed by t he different of rice genot y pes.
Filled grains per
1000 grains
Grain y ield pot ent ial
Genot y pes
spik e ( g)
weight ( g)
( t on/ ha)
Harv est index
( %)
Acong
33.53
24
5.16
66.36
Babulon
26.66
25
4.10
48.82
Bo Padang
31.86
28
4.90
62.51
Boh Sant eut
32.55
28
5.01
55.27
Boh Sireut oh
24.75
29
3.81
39.81
Ciherang
29.45
22
4.53
59.48
Cut Krusek
26.56
23
4.09
36.08
I RBB27
36.72
26
5.65
49.86
Lam no 4
25.34
26
3.90
53.86
May am U
23.22
28
3.57
35.39
51.4
31
7.91
48.55
Pade Barsilona
192
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Pade Mas
37.9
26
5.83
48.48
34.56
28
5.32
69.21
43.1
23
6.63
51.75
Pandrah
33.35
17
5.13
35.81
Ram os Tihion
36.81
33
5.66
45.03
Rom I lang
43.3
24
6.66
64.06
Rom Mok ot
30.19
22
4.64
42.54
Rongan Lango
31.66
18
4.87
41.46
Salah May ang Ru
24.74
20
3.81
23.28
Sanbei
21.4
27
3.29
29.37
Sem ere
32.64
19
5.02
40.15
Sepuluo
37.53
25
5.77
44.48
36.8
20
5.66
43.04
32.03
16
4.93
37.20
Sigodok 203
27.2
18
4.18
38.77
Sigodok 209
23.1
18
3.55
30.68
39.23
20
6.04
32.18
Sipirok
31.6
25
4.86
41.13
Sirende
28.41
24
4.37
32.07
Pade Pangk u
Pade Pe 66
Sialek
Sigeudop
Silia
Conclussion
The plant characteriat ion of rice genot ypes clearly referred to a high genet ic variat ion of t raits related
t o plant height, num ber of t illers, product ive panicles, heading date, filled grains per spike, 1000
grains weight , grain yield pot ent ial, and harvest . Silia showed t he tallest genot ype, while Rongan
Lango had t he highest num bers of t illers num ber and product ive panicles. Sigodok 203 had t he
shortest life cycle, while t he longest life cycle found at Sirende genot ype. The genot ype of Pade
Barsilona had t he highest grain yield potent ial. However, the highest harvest index found at Pade
Pangku genot ype.
Ack now ledgm e nts
Thanks t o t he Direct orate General of Higher Educat ion, Minist ry of Educat ion and Cult ure of t he
Republic of I ndonesia t hat has funded t his research( HI KOM- 2015) in accordance wit h t he budget
funds in 2015 and t o all part ies, who have cont ributed to t his research, especially t o Wira, Rika, and
Zakaria, as technical assistants who helped plant ed cult ivat ion and m aintenance of rice plant.
Re fe re n ce s
Boriboonk aset , T. , C. Theerawit ay a, A. Pichak um , S. Cha- u m , T. Tak abe and C. Kirdm anee, 2012. Ex pression lev els
of som e st ar ch m et abolism relat ed genes in flag leaf of t wo cont rast ing rice genot y pes ex posed t o salt
st ress. Aust . J. Crop Sci., 6: 157 9- 1586 .
Efendi, E. Kesum awat y , S. Zak aria, Bak ht iar and Sy afruddin, 2015. Morpho- Agronom ic Perfor m ances of Rice
( Ory za sat iv a L.) Landraces under Organic Cult iv at ion of SRI Met hod. I nt . J. Agric. Res., ( I n print , onlin e
first : ht t p: / / w ww.scialert .net )
El- Hendawy , S., C. Sone, O. I t o and J.I . Sak agam i, 2012. Different ial growt h response of rice genot y pes based on
quiescence m echanism under flash flooding st ress. Aust . J. Crop Sci., 6: 1587- 1597.
Golam , F., Y.H. Yin, A. Masit ah, N. Afnierna, N.A. Maj id, N. Khalid and M. Osm an, 2011. Analy sis of arom a and
y ield com ponent s of arom at ic rice in Malay sian t r opical env ir onm ent . Aust . J. Cr op Sci., 5: 1318- 1 324.
I PCC., 2007. An assessm ent of t he int ergov ernm ent al panel on clim at e change: Sy nt hesis report . I PCC Plenary ,
47: 1- 22.
Mishra, A. and V.M. Salok he, 2011. Rice root growt h and phy siological responses t o SRI wat er m anagem ent and
im plicat ions for crop product iv it y . Paddy Wat er Env iron., 9: 41- 52.
Rahm an, M.S., M.R. Molla, M.S. Alam and L. Rahm an, 200 9. DNA fingerprint ing of rice ( Ory za sat iv a L.) cult iv ars
using m icr osat ellit e m ark ers. Aust . J. Cr op Sci., 3: 122- 12 8.
Randriam iharisoa, R., J. Barison and N. Uphoff, 2006. Soil Biological Cont ribut ion s t o t he Sy st em of Rice
Product ion. I n : Biological Approaches t o Sust ainable Soil Sy st em s, Uph off, N., A.S. Ball, E. Fernandes, H.
Herren and O. Husson et al. ( Eds.) . CRC Press, Boca Rat on, FL., pp: 409- 424.
Sarwar, A.G., M.A. Ali and M.A. Karim , 2012. Correlat ion of grain charact ers in rice ( Ory za sat iv a L.) . J. Nat . Sci.
Foundat . Sri Lank a, 26: 209- 215.
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Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Sipay ung, S.B., 2007. Tem perat ure changed ov er indonesia based on sev eral clim at e m odels analy sis. Proceedings
of t he 73rd I nt ernat ional Sy m posium on Sust ainable Hum an osphere, July 25, 2007, Jak art a.
Sm it h, C.W. and R.H. Dilday , 2003. Rice: Origin, Hist or y , Technology and Pr oduct ion. John Wiley and Sons,
Hobok en, New Jersey , I SBN: 9780471 345169 , Pages: 642.
Thak ur, A.K., S. Rat h, D.U. Pat il and A. Kum ar, 201 1. Effect s on rice plant m orphology and phy siology of wat er and
associat ed m anagem ent pract ices of t he sy st em of rice int ensificat ion and t heir im plicat ion s for crop
perform ance. Paddy Wat er Env iron., 9: 13- 24.
Tuy en, D.D. and D.T. Prasad, 2008. Ev aluat ing difference of y ield t rait am ong rice genot y pes ( Ory za sat iv a L.)
under low m oist u re condit ion u sing candidat e gene m ark ers. Om onrice, 16 : 24- 33.
Yoshida, H. and T. Hor ie, 2010. A m odel for sim ulat ing plant N accum ulat ion, growt h and y ield of div erse rice
genot y pes grown under different soil and clim at ic condit ions. Field Crops Res., 117: 12 2- 130.
194
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Re j uve na t ion a nd Cha r a ct e r iz a t ion of Loca l Rice
Ge r m pla sm ( Or ya sa t iva L.) Un de r Or ga nic Cult iva t ion
Syst e m
1*
Efendi, 1 Bakht iar, 1 Sabaruddin Zakaria, and 1Syafruddin
Laborat ory of Genet ics and Plant Breeding, Depart m ent of Agrot echnology, Facult y of
Agricult ure, Syiah Kuala Universit y, Darussalam , Banda Aceh 23111, I ndonesia
* Corresponding Aut hor: [email protected]
Abst ra ct
The research was carried out t o rej uv enat e and ev aluat e t he perform ances of plant charact ers of
rice genot y ps t o produce a pure lines t hat are suit able for organic cult iv at ion m et hod. Thirt y
genot y pes of t he select ed local rice were conduct ed t o ev aluat e t he phenot y pe perform ances under
t he organic cult iv at ion m et hod. The rice genot y pes were ut ilized in t his ex perim ent t o ev aluat e
t heir m orpho- agron om ic charact ers under organic cult iv at ion sy st em . Charact erizat ion of seed
perform ances of each accession was described and cat alogued t o ident ify t heir accession t rait s. I n
addit ion, genot y pic differences and sim ilarit ies were also charact erized and cat alogued. Duplicat e
accessions were elim inat ed from t he sam e v ariet y or nearly ident ical v ariant s of a v ariet y . The
m orpho- agron om ic perform ances of plant height , num ber of t illers, lifespan, nu m ber of panicles,
filled grains per spik e, 1000 grains weight , grain y ield pot ent ial, and harv est index were clearly
affect ed by t he genot y pe. The result s showed t hat t he genot y pes were great ly v aried t he m orphoagronom ic perform an ces. , if organic sy st em was applied, it was found t hat t he responses of rice
growt h and y ield of local v ariet ies of Aceh is bet t er t han rice v ariet ies cult iv at ed by t he nat ional and
int roduct ion genot y pe.
Ke y w ords: r ice, genot y pes, organic, germ plasm , rej uv enat ion
I nt r oduct ion
Recent ly, agricult ure product ion has since been affect ed by clim ate changes as well. LAPAN analyzed
t hat the daily t em perature has been increasing as t he highest point in Aceh is located at t he
nort hwest ern t ip of t he Sum atera island ( Sipayung, 2007) . During t he period of a hundred year
observat ions from 1900, t he surface t em perat ure increases t o about 1.9° C. The drought st ress and
high tem perat ure are becom ing t wo of t he significant abiot ic st resses lim it ing plant growt h and
product ivit y ( I PCC, 2007). Hence, t he im pacts of global warm ing of t his province becom e a m ore
serious problem for ensuring food securit y. Adapt at ion efforts such as plant breeding for t olerance t o
abiot ic st ress m ust be studied for the exploit at ion of adapt ive genot ypes. Characterizat ion of rice
collect ions for ident ificat ion is very im portant to exploit t he genet ic diversit y within rice germ plasm .
St udies showed t hat som e m orpho-agronom ic t rait s, as well as react ion t o abiot ic st resses, t hat are
known to be in t he individual accessions increase the im portance of t he germ plasm ( Golam et al.,
2011; El- Hendawy et al., 2012; Boriboonkaset et al., 2012) . The perform ance leads t o a m ore efficient
use of germ plasm in t he collect ion. There is a wide genet ic variabilit y available in rice am ong and
bet ween landraces leaving a wide scope for fut ure crop im provem ent t o be efficient. The appropriate
m ethods in t he genet ic im provem ent becom e effecient ( Rahm an et al., 2009). Lately it was t o
characterize t he perform ances of m orpho- agronom ic characters of rice landraces in developing new
variet ies t hat are adapt able t o clim at e change and suit able for t he organic SRI m et hod. Sixt een
genot ypes of t he selected local rice were t reat ed t o evaluate t he phenot ypes under t he organic
cult ivat ion m et hod ( Efendi et al., 2015) . I n t his research, it was cont inued to evaluate the m orphoagronom ic of different local rice germ plasm t hat could be used for developing a new variet ies t hat are
adaptable t o clim ate change.
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
Cha r a ct er iz a t ion of rice ge notype s
Thirt y sam ples of local rice variet ies were collected from the Aceh province of I ndonesia. The sam ples
were analyzed and characterize for seed perform ances. I n det ail, genot ypic differences and sim ilarities
were also characterized and catalogued. Duplicat e accessions were elim inated from t he sam e variet y
or nearly ident ical variants of a variet y. The genot ypes of t he rem aining sam ples were ut ilized in t his
experim ent to evaluate t heir plant characters under organic cult ivat ion syst em . The sixteen genot ypes
used in t his research are: Acong, Babulon, Bo Padang, Boh Santeut, Boh Sireut oh, Cut Krusek, Lam no
4, Mayam U, Pade Barcelona, Pade Mas, Pade Pangku, Pade Pe 66, Pandrah, Ram os Tihion, Rom
I lang, Rom Mokot , Rongan Lango, Salah Mayang Ru, Sanbei, Sem ere, Sepuluo, Sialek, Sigeudop,
190
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Sigodok 203, Sigodok 209, Silia, Sipirok, Sirende. The last two varit ies, Ciherang ( nat ional variet y and
I RBB- 27 ( int oduct ion variet y) used as the cont rol genot ypes.
Re j uv e na t ion a nd ev a lua t ion of pla nt char a ct e rs
The rejuvenat ion was conducted at t he Experim ental St at ion, Facult y of Agricult ure, Universit y of
Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia from Februray t o July, 2015. Rice was planted wit h oganic syst em
t hat followed by cult ivat ing plant s in pots. Germ inat ion of t he rice seeds were done int o a t ray
containing nat ural sandy loam soil wit h com post. Seedlings of seven days old were uprooted from t he
nursery t rays carefully. Cont inously, t he seedlings were t ransplanted int o t he well- puddled
experim ental pots filled. No chem ical fert ilizers were applied during bot h in land preparat ion and crop
establishm ent. I rrigat ion was applied by regular irrigat ion wit h alternat e wet t ing and drying from
t ransplant ing t o t he m axim um t illering stage. The crop of each plot was harvested separat ely on
different dates, when 90% of t he grains becam e golden yellow in color. The principal plant charact ers
t hat were syst em at ically recorded on the plant and pot basis at different growt h st ages. The research
was laid out in a Random ized Com plete Block Design ( RCBD) wit h 3 replicat ions. Rice of t hirt y
genot ypes were designed as non- fact orial RCBD. The dat a were stat ist ically analyzed by ANOVA
( analysis of variance) technique.
Results a nd D iscussion
Pla nt height , num be r of t ille rs, life cy cle, a nd product iv e pa nicles
The result s ( Tabel 1) showed significant differences am ong t he rice genot ipes for t raits related t o plant
height , num ber of t illers, life cycle, and product ive panicles. The plant perform ances of rice genot ypes
clearly referred t o a high genet ic variat ion of t he local rice. Plant height was significant ly affected by
t he observed genot ypes. This result showed t hat plant height was clearly different am ong t he
genot ypes. The plant height ranged between 87- 205 cm . These result s indicat ed t hat t he ident ified
genot ypes of rice have a high genet ic variat ion. Som e studies revealed t hat plant height is affected by
a series of nodes and internodes of t he genot ypes. However, during reproduct ive growt h, the
upperm ost int ernodes elongate t o exert the panicle above the leaf sheat hs ( Yoshida and Horie, 2010;
El- Hendawy et al., 2012). The num ber of t illers and product ive panicles were significant ly affect ed by
t he genot ypes. The num ber of t illers ranged from 6- 42 and product ive panicles ranged from 5- 30.
Sm it h and Dilday ( 2003) explained t hat som e cult ivars have a m axim um t iller num ber and are also
observed t o have a term inat ion point for effect ive t illering. This condit ion of t iller num ber relat es t o
t he num ber of panicles at m at urit y. Thakur et al. ( 2011) proved that significant im provem ents were
observed in num ber of t illers per hill under an aerobic condit ion.
Filled gr ains pe r spik e , 1 0 0 0 gr a ins w e ight
The yield com ponent s were significant ly influenced by t he genot ypes of rice ( Table 2) . I n t his st udy,
t he highest percent age of filled grains per spike was observed from t he genot ype of Pade Pe- 66.
Tuyen and Prasad ( 2008) explained t hat the difference of yield param et ers am ong rice genot ypes
varied am ong all m orphological t raits. The results of grains weight also showed a phenot ype variat ion
in grains weight of t he observed rice landraces ( Table 2) . This st udy found t hat 1000 grains weight of
t he rice genot ypes was significant ly different am ong t he genot ypes. Sarwar et al. ( 2012) found t hat
t here are significant differences regarding t he values of m orphological charact ers of rice grains. Grain
size is t he m ost im port ant fact or which influences the yield of rice qualit y. The grain has a st rong
correlat ion wit h 1000- grain weight .
Table 1. The av erage of plant height , num ber of t illers, life cy cle, product iv e panicles t hat effect ed by t he different
of rice genot y pes
Genot y pes
Plant Height ( cm )
Num ber of t illers
Life cy cle ( day s)
Product iv e panicles
Acong
96
9
127
9
Babulon
87
18
119
17
Bo Padang
103.5
11
114
7
Boh Sant eut
86.5
23
121
15
Boh Sireut oh
93
22
121
17
Ciherang
90
11
101
8
Cut Krusek
119
23
119
22
I RBB27
92
18
105
15
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Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Lam no 4
93
18
117
17
May am U
137
21
114
13
Pade Barsilona
134
21
119
18
Pade Mas
134
11
102
9
Pade Pangk u
111
9
119
5
Pade Pe 66
187
13
108
10
Pandrah
170
6
119
6
Ram os Tihion
167
10
119
8
Rom I lang
159
15
114
7
Rom Mok ot
169
9
129
9
Rongan Lango
156
42
119
30
Salah May ang Ru
113
19
129
26
Sanbei
165
10
120
6
Sem ere
162
10
112
9
Sepuluo
139
23
112
15
Sialek
171
13
119
11
Sigeudop
151
14
126
11
Sigodok 203
183
6
95
6
Sigodok 209
129
17
108
17
Silia
205
12
119
8
Sipirok
151
8
111
8
Sirende
151
24
130
18
Gr a in y ield pot e nt ia l and ha rv est inde x
Table 2 shows t hat genot ypes affect ed grain yield potent ial and havest index significant ly. The highest
result of grain yield pot ent ial was obt ained from the genot ype of Rom I lang. However, t he best
harvest index was found at genot ype of Pade Pangku. Mishra and Slokhe ( 2011) explained t hat
greater root length densit y and chlorophyll cont ent of t he flag leaf and t he durat ion of grain filling
affect t he yield- cont ribut ing param et ers in all t rials. These relat ionships can significant ly im prove rice
plant physiological efficiency and, hence, grain yield. I n anot her research, Thakur et al. ( 2011) found
t hat grain yield increased and significant im provem ent s were observed in t he m orphology of rice
plants.
Table 2. The av erage of filled grains per spik e, 1000 grains weight , grain y ield pot ent ial
harv est index t hat effect ed by t he different of rice genot y pes.
Filled grains per
1000 grains
Grain y ield pot ent ial
Genot y pes
spik e ( g)
weight ( g)
( t on/ ha)
Harv est index
( %)
Acong
33.53
24
5.16
66.36
Babulon
26.66
25
4.10
48.82
Bo Padang
31.86
28
4.90
62.51
Boh Sant eut
32.55
28
5.01
55.27
Boh Sireut oh
24.75
29
3.81
39.81
Ciherang
29.45
22
4.53
59.48
Cut Krusek
26.56
23
4.09
36.08
I RBB27
36.72
26
5.65
49.86
Lam no 4
25.34
26
3.90
53.86
May am U
23.22
28
3.57
35.39
51.4
31
7.91
48.55
Pade Barsilona
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Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Pade Mas
37.9
26
5.83
48.48
34.56
28
5.32
69.21
43.1
23
6.63
51.75
Pandrah
33.35
17
5.13
35.81
Ram os Tihion
36.81
33
5.66
45.03
Rom I lang
43.3
24
6.66
64.06
Rom Mok ot
30.19
22
4.64
42.54
Rongan Lango
31.66
18
4.87
41.46
Salah May ang Ru
24.74
20
3.81
23.28
Sanbei
21.4
27
3.29
29.37
Sem ere
32.64
19
5.02
40.15
Sepuluo
37.53
25
5.77
44.48
36.8
20
5.66
43.04
32.03
16
4.93
37.20
Sigodok 203
27.2
18
4.18
38.77
Sigodok 209
23.1
18
3.55
30.68
39.23
20
6.04
32.18
Sipirok
31.6
25
4.86
41.13
Sirende
28.41
24
4.37
32.07
Pade Pangk u
Pade Pe 66
Sialek
Sigeudop
Silia
Conclussion
The plant characteriat ion of rice genot ypes clearly referred to a high genet ic variat ion of t raits related
t o plant height, num ber of t illers, product ive panicles, heading date, filled grains per spike, 1000
grains weight , grain yield pot ent ial, and harvest . Silia showed t he tallest genot ype, while Rongan
Lango had t he highest num bers of t illers num ber and product ive panicles. Sigodok 203 had t he
shortest life cycle, while t he longest life cycle found at Sirende genot ype. The genot ype of Pade
Barsilona had t he highest grain yield potent ial. However, the highest harvest index found at Pade
Pangku genot ype.
Ack now ledgm e nts
Thanks t o t he Direct orate General of Higher Educat ion, Minist ry of Educat ion and Cult ure of t he
Republic of I ndonesia t hat has funded t his research( HI KOM- 2015) in accordance wit h t he budget
funds in 2015 and t o all part ies, who have cont ributed to t his research, especially t o Wira, Rika, and
Zakaria, as technical assistants who helped plant ed cult ivat ion and m aintenance of rice plant.
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