Pengaruh Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) dan Laju Pengadukan pada Proses Asidogenesis Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) pada Keadaan Termofilik
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] Alviah Nadya Sari Simbolon. Pra Rancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Metana
Cair Dari Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit Dengan Kapasitas Produksi 15000
Kg/Hari. Skripsi. Program Studi Teknik Kimia. Fakultas Teknik. Medan :
Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2009.
[2] Intan Zahara. Pengaruh Pengadukan Terhadap Produksi biogas Pada
Proses Metanogenesis Berbahan Baku Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit. Skripsi.
Program Studi Teknik Kimia. Fakultas Teknik. Medan : Universitas Sumatera
Utara. 2014.
[3] Henry Loekito. Teknologi Pengelolaan Limbah Industri Kelapa Sawit.
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, Vol. 3, No. 3:242-250.September 2002.
[4] Fristyana Sosanty Lubis. Pengaruh Penghentian Natrium Bikarbonat
Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Fermentor Dengan dan Tanpa Recycle Pada Proses
Fermentasi Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit. Tesis, Program Studi
TeknikKimia. Fakultas Teknik. Medan : UniversitasSumatera Utara. 2014.
[5] MA Ngan. Management Of Palm Oil Industrial Effluents. Advance In Oil
Palm Research, Vol 2, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysia. 2000.
[6] Mohammadreza Soleimaninanadegani Dan Soheila Manshad. Enhancement
of Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluents by Local Isolated Microorganisms.
International Scholarly Research Notices 1–8. 2014.
[7] Wee Shen Lee, Adeline Seak May Chua, Hak Koon Yeoh Dan Gek Cheng
Ngoh. Influence Of Temperature On The Bioconversion Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Into Volatile Fatty Acid As Precursor To The Production Of
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Mei 2013.
[8] Tuti Haryati. Biogas: Limbah Peternakan yang Menjadi Sumber Energi
Alternatif. Jurnal. Balai Penelitian Ternak Bogor. WARTAZOA Vol. 16 (3) : 160.
2006.
[9] Basri, M.F., Yacob, S., Hassan, M.A., Shirai, Y., Wakisaka, M., Zakaria,
M.R., Dan Phang, L.Y. Improved Biogas Production Palm Oil Mill Effluent by a
Scaled-down Anaerobic Treatment Process. Journal Microbiol Biotechnol.
26:505-506.2010.
[10] Siti Mujdalipah, Salundik Dohong, Ani Suryani, Amalia Fitria, Pengaruh
Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Produksi Biogas Menggunakan Digester Dua Tahap
Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Palm Oil-Mill Effluent Dan Lumpur Aktif, Agritech,
Vol. 34, No. 1, Februari 2014.
56
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[11] Hassan, Osman Hassan, Tang Pei Ling, Mohammad YusofMaskat, Rosli
Md. Illias, KhairiahBadri, JamaliahJahim, Nor Muhammad Mahadi. 2013.
Optimization of Pretreatments for The Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
Fiber (EFBF) Using Enzyme Mixtures.Biomass and Bioenergy. Volume 56, Hal
137–146. , September 2013
[12] Asifa Asri, Yudha Arman, Dan Boni Pahlanop Lapanporo. Rancang Bangun
Dan Analisis Parameter Fisis Reaktor Biogas Untuk Pengoptimalan Produksi
Gas Metan Dari Sampah Organik. Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu
Pengetahuan Alam,Universias Tanjungpura. ISSN : 2337-8204. PRISMA
FISIKA, Vol. I, No. 1, Hal. 27 – 32. 2013.
[13] Jorge del Real Olvera and Alberto Lopez-Lopez. Biogas Production from
Anaerobic Treatment of Agro-Industrial Wastewater. diakses pada 5 januari 2015
dari intechopen. 2012.
[14] Wijekoon, Kaushalya C, ChettiyappanVisvanathan, AmilaAbeynayaka.
Effect Of Organic Loading Rate on VFA Production, Organic Matter Removal
and Microbial Activity of A Two-Stage Thermophilic Anaerobic Membrane
Bioreactor.Bioresource Technology 102 hal 5353–5360. 2011.
[15] Yang Li, Yaobin Zhang, ,Zibin Xu, XieQuan, Shuo Chen. Enhancement of
Sludge Granulation in Anaerobic Acetogenesis by Addition of Nitrate and
Microbial Community Analysis. Biochemical Engineering JournalVolume 95,
104–111. 2015.
[16] Ahmad Al-Rousan dan Anas Zyadin, A Technical Experiment on Biogas
Production from Small-Scale Dairy Farm, Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy
Systems, 2014, 4, 10-18, maret 2014.
[17] Ronny Kurniawan, S. Juhanda, Rusyad Syamsudin Dan Moh. Alief
Lukman. Pengaruh Jenis dan Kecepatan Pengaduk pada Fermentasi Etanol
Secara Sinambung dalam Bioreaktor Tangki Berpengaduk Sel Tertambat. Jurusan
Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri Itenas Bandung. ISSN: 1693 ‐ 1750.
November 2011.
[18] Yee Shian Wonga, Tjoon-Tow Teng, Soon-An Ong, M. Norhashimah, M.
Rafatullah dan Jing-Yong Leong. 2013. Methane gas production from palm oil
wastewater—An anaerobic methanogenic degradation process in continuous
stirrer suspended closed anaerobic reactor. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of
Chemical Engineers,
[19] Q. Yuan, R. Sparling dan J.A. Oleszkiewicz. VFA generation from waste
activated sludge: Effect of temperature and mixing. Chemosphere 82 (2011) 603–
607. 2011.
57
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[20] Joo-Young Jeong, Sung-Min Son, Jun-Hyeon Pyon, dan Joo-Yang Park.
Performance comparison between mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic
reactors for treatment of palm oil mill effluent. Bioresource Technology xxx
(2014) xxx–xxx. 2014.
[21] Pertus Nugro Rahardjo. Studi banding Teknologi Pengolahan Limbah Cair
Pabrik Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan. ISSN 1441-318X. Volume 10,
Nomor 1. Hal: 9-18. Januari 2009.
[22] Edwi Mahajoeno, Bibiana Widiyati Lay, Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo Dan
Siswanto. Potensi Limbah Cair Pabrik Minyak Kelapa Sawit Untuk Produksi
Biogas. Biodiversitas Volume 9, Nomor 1 Hal: 48-52, Januari 2008.
[23] Badan Pusat Statistik. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. ISSN 1978-9947.
Katalog : 5504003. 2013.
[24] Azmi, Nazul Shima, Khairul Faezah Md Yunus, Azhari Samsu Baharuddin
and Zanaariah Md Dom. The Effect of Opering Parameters on Ultrafiltrion and
Reverse Osmosis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Reclamion and Reuse of Wer. Wer
Reuse form Oil Palm, BioResources, 8. 2013.
[25] Lam, Man Kee dan Ke Teong Lee. Renewable And Sustainable Bioenergies
Production From Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): Win–win stregies toward better
environmental protection. Journal Of Biotechnology Advance, 29. 2011.
[26] Zinatizadeh, A.A.L., Mohamed, A.R., Najafpour, G.D., Isa, M.H.,
Nasrollahzadeh, H. Kinetic Evaluation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Digestion in a
High Rate Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Fixed Film Bioreactor. Process
Biochemistry 41:1038. 2008.
[27] Chow, M.C. Palm Oil Mill Effluent Analysis. Palm Oil Research Istitute of
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. 1991.
[28] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan
Hidup. Nomor : Kep-51/Menlh/10/1995. 1995.
[29] I Made Mara. Analisis Penyerapan Gas Karbondioksida (CO2) Dengan
Larutan NaOH Terhadap Kualitas Biogas Kotoran Sapi. Jurusan Teknik Mesin,
Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram. Volume 2 No.1, Januari 2012.
[30] Gerhard Agrinz. Biogas Purification and Assessment of The Natural Gas
Grid. Austria : Leitbnitz. 2008.
[31] Soetopo, R.S., Purwati, S., Setiawan, Y., Adhytia, K. Efektivitas Proses
Kontinyu Digestasi Anaerobik Dua Tahap pada Pengolahan Lumpur Biologi
Industri Kertas. Jurnal Riset Industri 5(2):131-132. 2011.
58
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[32] Fabien Monnet. An Introduction to Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste.
Remade Scotland, November 2003.
[33] Deublein, D., Steinhauser, A. Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources.
Weinheim : WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. 2008.
[34] Lim, JW, JY Wang. Enhanced Hydrolysis and Methane Yield by Applying
Microaeration Pretreatment to The Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Brown Water and
Food Waste. Waste Management Volume 33, Issue 4, hal 813–819. April 2013.
[35] Adrianto Ahmad., Syarfi., Melissa Atikalidia. Penyisihan Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD) dan Produksi Biogas Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Dengan
Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Bermedia Cangkang Sawit. Jurnal Nasional
ISSN1693-4393. 2011.
[36] Kavitha, S., Jayashree, C., Adish Kumar, S., Yeom, Ick Tae, Rajesh Banu, J.
The Enhancement of Anaerobic Biodegradability of Waste Activated Sludge by
Surfactant Mediated Biological Pretreatment. Bioresource Technology xxx. 2014.
[37] Krzysztof Ziemiński, and Magdalena Frac. Methane fermentation process
as anaerobic digestion of biomass: transformation, stage and microorganism.
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(18), pp. 4127-4139, Maret 2012.
[38] Noha Nasr, Elsayed Elbeshbishy, Hisham Hafez, George Nakhla,
M.Hesham El Naggar. Comparative Assessment of Single-Stage and Two-Stage
Anaerobic Digestion for the Treatment of Thin Stillage. Jurnal Bioresource
Technology, 111 hal. 122-126. 2012.
[39] Krishna, Dhamodharan dan Ajay S. Kalamdhad. Pre-treatment and
anaerobic digestion of food waste for high rate methane production – A review.
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol 2. 2014.
[40] Lang, Ling Yu. “Treatability of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using
Black Liquor in an Anaerobic Treatment Process” Thesis for The Degree of
Master of Science. Universitas Sains Malaysia. Malaysia. 2007.
[41] Nanxin Ma. Studies of sludge collected from the anaerobic digester of a
meat processing company. thesis University of waikato, 2010
[42] Hermawan Beni, Lailatul Qodriyah, dan Candrarini Puspita. Pemanfaatan
Sampah Organik sebagai Sumber Biogas Untuk Mengatasi Krisis Energi Dalam
Negeri. Karya Tulis Ilmiah. Universitas Lampung. 2007.
[43] N.H. Abdurahman, Y.M. Rosli And N.H. Azhari. The Performance
Evaluation Of Anaerobic Methods For Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
Treatment: A Review . International Perspectives On Water Quality Management
And Pollutant Control, 2013
59
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[44] DJ Batstone, PD Jensen. Anaerobic Processes. hal. 615-639. 2011.
[45] Kamase,
Care.
Cara
http://www.kamase.org. 2009.
Mudah
Membuat
Digester
Biogas.
[46] Dennis A. Burke P.E. Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook.
Olympia : Environmental Energy Company. 2001
[47] Abdel-Hadi, M.A, Abd El-Azeem. Effect of Heating, Mixing, and Digester
type on Biogas Production from Buffalo Dung. Jurnal of Agriculture and
Engineering. Vol 25 (4), hal 1-17, Oktober 2008.
[48] A.W Nienow, N.H Harby, M.F Edwards. Mixing in the Process Industries.
Secong Edition. 1997.
[49] Teodorita Al Seadi, Dominik Rutz, Heinz Prassl, Michael Köttner, Tobias
Finsterwalder. Biogas Handbook. University of Southern Denmark Esbjerg, Niels
Bohrs Vej 9-10, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. Hal 21, 2008
[50] APHA. 1999. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste
Water. Edisi 20. Washington DC : APHA, AWWA, WEF.
[51] Solmaz Aslanzadeh, Karthik Rajendran, Azam Jeihanipour Dan Mohammad
J. Taherzadeh, The Effect Of Effluent Recirculation In Semi-Continuous TwoStage Anaerobic Digestion System, Renew Energies 2013, 6, 2966-2981; Doi:
10.3390/En6062966
[52] Chontica Mamimin, Apinya Singkala, Prawit Kongjan, Benjaporn
Surakarsa, Poonsuk Prasertstan dan Tsuyoshi Imai, Two-Stage Thermophilic
Fermentation And Mesophilic Methanogen Process For Biohythane Production
From Palm Oil Mill Effluent, International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy 40
[53] Yee-Shian Wonga, Tjoon Tow Teng, Soon-An Ong, M. Norhashimah, M.
Rafatullah and Hong-Chen Leeb. 2013. Anaerobic Acidogenesis Biodegradation
Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Suspended Closed Anaerobic Bioreactor
(SCABR) At Mesophilic Temperature. International Symposium on
Environmental Science and Technology,
[54] SenthilKumar, M., Gnanapragasam, G., Arutchelvan, V., Nagarajan, S.
2010. Influence of Hydraulic Retention Time in a Two-phase Upflow Anaerobic
Sludge Blanket Reactor Treating Textile Dyeing Effluent Using Sago Effluent as
the Co-substrate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18:649-654
[55] Medina-Herrera, M. Rodríguez-García, A, Montoya-Herrera, L., CárdenasMijangos, J., Godínez-Mora-Tovar, L.A., Bustos-Bustos E., Rodríguez-Valadez,
F.J. Dan Manríquez-Rocha J, Anaerobic Digestion Of Slaughterhouse Solid
60
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Waste For The Optimization Of Biogas Production, International Journal Of
Environment. Res., 8(2):483-492, Januari 2014
[56] Bambang Trisakti, Veronica Manalu, Irvan, Taslim Dan Muhammad
Turmuzi, “Acidogenesis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent to Produce Biogas: Effect of
Hydraulic Retention Time and pH”, Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences,
195 (2015), hal: 2466-2474.
[57] Yee-Shian Wong, Soon-An Ong, Kok-Keat Lim and Hong-Chen Lee,
“Acclimatization and Performance Study of Acidogenesis Anaerobic Degradation
Process for Palm Oil Mill Effluent”, International Conference on Environmental
and Industrial Innovation, 12 (2011).
[58] Piyarat Boonsawang, Athirat Rerngnarong, Chakrit Tongurai, Sumate
Chaiprapat, Effect Of Ph, Olr, And Hrt On Performance Of Acidogenic And
Methanogenic Reactors For Treatment Of Biodiesel Wastewater, Desalination
And Water Treatment, Doi: 10.1080/19443994, 2014
[59] Rungrawee Yingyuad, Selection Of Biogas Production System For Tapioca
Starch Wastewater By Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Siu Rs: Sot-Msmt-200601, Februari 2007
[60] Tabassum Mumtaz, Suaraini Abd-Aziz, Nor Aini Abdul Rahman, Phang Lai
Yee, Yoshihito Shirai Dan Mohd Ali Hassan, Pilot-Scale Recovery Of Low
Molecular Weight Organic Acids From Anaerobically Treated Palm Oil Mill
Effluent (Pome) With Energy Intergrated System, African Journal Of
Biotechnology Vol. 7 (21). Pp. 3900-3905, 5 November 2008.
[61] Alastair David Broughton, Hydrolisis And Acidogenesis Of Farm Dairy
Effluent For Biogas Productiob At Ambient Temperatures, New Zaeland, 2009.
[62] Ventura, Jey-R Sabado, Jehoon Lee, Deokjin Jahng. 2014. A Comparative
Study On The Alternating Mesophilic And Thermophilic Two-Stage Anaerobic
Digestion Of Food Waste. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 26,1274-1283
[63] Jingxin Zhang, Yaobin Zhang, Xie Quan, Shuo Chen. 2015. Enhancement
Of Anaerobic Acidogenesis By Integrating An Electrochemical System Into An
Acidogenic Reactor: Effect Of Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) And Role Of
Bacteria And Acidophilic Methanogenic Archaea. Bioresource technology,
179,43-49
[64] Ghaly, A.E., Ramkumar, D.R., Sadaka, S.S., dan Rochon, J.D. 2000. Effect
of Reseeding and pH Control on the Performance of a Two-Stage Mesophilic
Anaerobic Digester Operating on Acid Cheese Whey. Canadian Agricultural
Engineering 42 (4)
61
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[65] Johan Lindmark, Per Eriksson, Eva Thorin, The Effects Of Different Mixing
Intensities During Anaerobic Digestion Of The Organic Fraction Of Municipal
Solid Waste, Waste Management Dx.Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Wasman, April 2014
62
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1] Alviah Nadya Sari Simbolon. Pra Rancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Metana
Cair Dari Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit Dengan Kapasitas Produksi 15000
Kg/Hari. Skripsi. Program Studi Teknik Kimia. Fakultas Teknik. Medan :
Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2009.
[2] Intan Zahara. Pengaruh Pengadukan Terhadap Produksi biogas Pada
Proses Metanogenesis Berbahan Baku Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit. Skripsi.
Program Studi Teknik Kimia. Fakultas Teknik. Medan : Universitas Sumatera
Utara. 2014.
[3] Henry Loekito. Teknologi Pengelolaan Limbah Industri Kelapa Sawit.
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, Vol. 3, No. 3:242-250.September 2002.
[4] Fristyana Sosanty Lubis. Pengaruh Penghentian Natrium Bikarbonat
Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Fermentor Dengan dan Tanpa Recycle Pada Proses
Fermentasi Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit. Tesis, Program Studi
TeknikKimia. Fakultas Teknik. Medan : UniversitasSumatera Utara. 2014.
[5] MA Ngan. Management Of Palm Oil Industrial Effluents. Advance In Oil
Palm Research, Vol 2, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysia. 2000.
[6] Mohammadreza Soleimaninanadegani Dan Soheila Manshad. Enhancement
of Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluents by Local Isolated Microorganisms.
International Scholarly Research Notices 1–8. 2014.
[7] Wee Shen Lee, Adeline Seak May Chua, Hak Koon Yeoh Dan Gek Cheng
Ngoh. Influence Of Temperature On The Bioconversion Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Into Volatile Fatty Acid As Precursor To The Production Of
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Mei 2013.
[8] Tuti Haryati. Biogas: Limbah Peternakan yang Menjadi Sumber Energi
Alternatif. Jurnal. Balai Penelitian Ternak Bogor. WARTAZOA Vol. 16 (3) : 160.
2006.
[9] Basri, M.F., Yacob, S., Hassan, M.A., Shirai, Y., Wakisaka, M., Zakaria,
M.R., Dan Phang, L.Y. Improved Biogas Production Palm Oil Mill Effluent by a
Scaled-down Anaerobic Treatment Process. Journal Microbiol Biotechnol.
26:505-506.2010.
[10] Siti Mujdalipah, Salundik Dohong, Ani Suryani, Amalia Fitria, Pengaruh
Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Produksi Biogas Menggunakan Digester Dua Tahap
Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Palm Oil-Mill Effluent Dan Lumpur Aktif, Agritech,
Vol. 34, No. 1, Februari 2014.
56
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[11] Hassan, Osman Hassan, Tang Pei Ling, Mohammad YusofMaskat, Rosli
Md. Illias, KhairiahBadri, JamaliahJahim, Nor Muhammad Mahadi. 2013.
Optimization of Pretreatments for The Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
Fiber (EFBF) Using Enzyme Mixtures.Biomass and Bioenergy. Volume 56, Hal
137–146. , September 2013
[12] Asifa Asri, Yudha Arman, Dan Boni Pahlanop Lapanporo. Rancang Bangun
Dan Analisis Parameter Fisis Reaktor Biogas Untuk Pengoptimalan Produksi
Gas Metan Dari Sampah Organik. Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu
Pengetahuan Alam,Universias Tanjungpura. ISSN : 2337-8204. PRISMA
FISIKA, Vol. I, No. 1, Hal. 27 – 32. 2013.
[13] Jorge del Real Olvera and Alberto Lopez-Lopez. Biogas Production from
Anaerobic Treatment of Agro-Industrial Wastewater. diakses pada 5 januari 2015
dari intechopen. 2012.
[14] Wijekoon, Kaushalya C, ChettiyappanVisvanathan, AmilaAbeynayaka.
Effect Of Organic Loading Rate on VFA Production, Organic Matter Removal
and Microbial Activity of A Two-Stage Thermophilic Anaerobic Membrane
Bioreactor.Bioresource Technology 102 hal 5353–5360. 2011.
[15] Yang Li, Yaobin Zhang, ,Zibin Xu, XieQuan, Shuo Chen. Enhancement of
Sludge Granulation in Anaerobic Acetogenesis by Addition of Nitrate and
Microbial Community Analysis. Biochemical Engineering JournalVolume 95,
104–111. 2015.
[16] Ahmad Al-Rousan dan Anas Zyadin, A Technical Experiment on Biogas
Production from Small-Scale Dairy Farm, Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy
Systems, 2014, 4, 10-18, maret 2014.
[17] Ronny Kurniawan, S. Juhanda, Rusyad Syamsudin Dan Moh. Alief
Lukman. Pengaruh Jenis dan Kecepatan Pengaduk pada Fermentasi Etanol
Secara Sinambung dalam Bioreaktor Tangki Berpengaduk Sel Tertambat. Jurusan
Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri Itenas Bandung. ISSN: 1693 ‐ 1750.
November 2011.
[18] Yee Shian Wonga, Tjoon-Tow Teng, Soon-An Ong, M. Norhashimah, M.
Rafatullah dan Jing-Yong Leong. 2013. Methane gas production from palm oil
wastewater—An anaerobic methanogenic degradation process in continuous
stirrer suspended closed anaerobic reactor. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of
Chemical Engineers,
[19] Q. Yuan, R. Sparling dan J.A. Oleszkiewicz. VFA generation from waste
activated sludge: Effect of temperature and mixing. Chemosphere 82 (2011) 603–
607. 2011.
57
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[20] Joo-Young Jeong, Sung-Min Son, Jun-Hyeon Pyon, dan Joo-Yang Park.
Performance comparison between mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic
reactors for treatment of palm oil mill effluent. Bioresource Technology xxx
(2014) xxx–xxx. 2014.
[21] Pertus Nugro Rahardjo. Studi banding Teknologi Pengolahan Limbah Cair
Pabrik Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan. ISSN 1441-318X. Volume 10,
Nomor 1. Hal: 9-18. Januari 2009.
[22] Edwi Mahajoeno, Bibiana Widiyati Lay, Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo Dan
Siswanto. Potensi Limbah Cair Pabrik Minyak Kelapa Sawit Untuk Produksi
Biogas. Biodiversitas Volume 9, Nomor 1 Hal: 48-52, Januari 2008.
[23] Badan Pusat Statistik. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. ISSN 1978-9947.
Katalog : 5504003. 2013.
[24] Azmi, Nazul Shima, Khairul Faezah Md Yunus, Azhari Samsu Baharuddin
and Zanaariah Md Dom. The Effect of Opering Parameters on Ultrafiltrion and
Reverse Osmosis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Reclamion and Reuse of Wer. Wer
Reuse form Oil Palm, BioResources, 8. 2013.
[25] Lam, Man Kee dan Ke Teong Lee. Renewable And Sustainable Bioenergies
Production From Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): Win–win stregies toward better
environmental protection. Journal Of Biotechnology Advance, 29. 2011.
[26] Zinatizadeh, A.A.L., Mohamed, A.R., Najafpour, G.D., Isa, M.H.,
Nasrollahzadeh, H. Kinetic Evaluation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Digestion in a
High Rate Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Fixed Film Bioreactor. Process
Biochemistry 41:1038. 2008.
[27] Chow, M.C. Palm Oil Mill Effluent Analysis. Palm Oil Research Istitute of
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. 1991.
[28] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan
Hidup. Nomor : Kep-51/Menlh/10/1995. 1995.
[29] I Made Mara. Analisis Penyerapan Gas Karbondioksida (CO2) Dengan
Larutan NaOH Terhadap Kualitas Biogas Kotoran Sapi. Jurusan Teknik Mesin,
Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram. Volume 2 No.1, Januari 2012.
[30] Gerhard Agrinz. Biogas Purification and Assessment of The Natural Gas
Grid. Austria : Leitbnitz. 2008.
[31] Soetopo, R.S., Purwati, S., Setiawan, Y., Adhytia, K. Efektivitas Proses
Kontinyu Digestasi Anaerobik Dua Tahap pada Pengolahan Lumpur Biologi
Industri Kertas. Jurnal Riset Industri 5(2):131-132. 2011.
58
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[32] Fabien Monnet. An Introduction to Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste.
Remade Scotland, November 2003.
[33] Deublein, D., Steinhauser, A. Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources.
Weinheim : WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. 2008.
[34] Lim, JW, JY Wang. Enhanced Hydrolysis and Methane Yield by Applying
Microaeration Pretreatment to The Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Brown Water and
Food Waste. Waste Management Volume 33, Issue 4, hal 813–819. April 2013.
[35] Adrianto Ahmad., Syarfi., Melissa Atikalidia. Penyisihan Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD) dan Produksi Biogas Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Dengan
Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Bermedia Cangkang Sawit. Jurnal Nasional
ISSN1693-4393. 2011.
[36] Kavitha, S., Jayashree, C., Adish Kumar, S., Yeom, Ick Tae, Rajesh Banu, J.
The Enhancement of Anaerobic Biodegradability of Waste Activated Sludge by
Surfactant Mediated Biological Pretreatment. Bioresource Technology xxx. 2014.
[37] Krzysztof Ziemiński, and Magdalena Frac. Methane fermentation process
as anaerobic digestion of biomass: transformation, stage and microorganism.
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(18), pp. 4127-4139, Maret 2012.
[38] Noha Nasr, Elsayed Elbeshbishy, Hisham Hafez, George Nakhla,
M.Hesham El Naggar. Comparative Assessment of Single-Stage and Two-Stage
Anaerobic Digestion for the Treatment of Thin Stillage. Jurnal Bioresource
Technology, 111 hal. 122-126. 2012.
[39] Krishna, Dhamodharan dan Ajay S. Kalamdhad. Pre-treatment and
anaerobic digestion of food waste for high rate methane production – A review.
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol 2. 2014.
[40] Lang, Ling Yu. “Treatability of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using
Black Liquor in an Anaerobic Treatment Process” Thesis for The Degree of
Master of Science. Universitas Sains Malaysia. Malaysia. 2007.
[41] Nanxin Ma. Studies of sludge collected from the anaerobic digester of a
meat processing company. thesis University of waikato, 2010
[42] Hermawan Beni, Lailatul Qodriyah, dan Candrarini Puspita. Pemanfaatan
Sampah Organik sebagai Sumber Biogas Untuk Mengatasi Krisis Energi Dalam
Negeri. Karya Tulis Ilmiah. Universitas Lampung. 2007.
[43] N.H. Abdurahman, Y.M. Rosli And N.H. Azhari. The Performance
Evaluation Of Anaerobic Methods For Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
Treatment: A Review . International Perspectives On Water Quality Management
And Pollutant Control, 2013
59
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[44] DJ Batstone, PD Jensen. Anaerobic Processes. hal. 615-639. 2011.
[45] Kamase,
Care.
Cara
http://www.kamase.org. 2009.
Mudah
Membuat
Digester
Biogas.
[46] Dennis A. Burke P.E. Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook.
Olympia : Environmental Energy Company. 2001
[47] Abdel-Hadi, M.A, Abd El-Azeem. Effect of Heating, Mixing, and Digester
type on Biogas Production from Buffalo Dung. Jurnal of Agriculture and
Engineering. Vol 25 (4), hal 1-17, Oktober 2008.
[48] A.W Nienow, N.H Harby, M.F Edwards. Mixing in the Process Industries.
Secong Edition. 1997.
[49] Teodorita Al Seadi, Dominik Rutz, Heinz Prassl, Michael Köttner, Tobias
Finsterwalder. Biogas Handbook. University of Southern Denmark Esbjerg, Niels
Bohrs Vej 9-10, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. Hal 21, 2008
[50] APHA. 1999. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste
Water. Edisi 20. Washington DC : APHA, AWWA, WEF.
[51] Solmaz Aslanzadeh, Karthik Rajendran, Azam Jeihanipour Dan Mohammad
J. Taherzadeh, The Effect Of Effluent Recirculation In Semi-Continuous TwoStage Anaerobic Digestion System, Renew Energies 2013, 6, 2966-2981; Doi:
10.3390/En6062966
[52] Chontica Mamimin, Apinya Singkala, Prawit Kongjan, Benjaporn
Surakarsa, Poonsuk Prasertstan dan Tsuyoshi Imai, Two-Stage Thermophilic
Fermentation And Mesophilic Methanogen Process For Biohythane Production
From Palm Oil Mill Effluent, International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy 40
[53] Yee-Shian Wonga, Tjoon Tow Teng, Soon-An Ong, M. Norhashimah, M.
Rafatullah and Hong-Chen Leeb. 2013. Anaerobic Acidogenesis Biodegradation
Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Suspended Closed Anaerobic Bioreactor
(SCABR) At Mesophilic Temperature. International Symposium on
Environmental Science and Technology,
[54] SenthilKumar, M., Gnanapragasam, G., Arutchelvan, V., Nagarajan, S.
2010. Influence of Hydraulic Retention Time in a Two-phase Upflow Anaerobic
Sludge Blanket Reactor Treating Textile Dyeing Effluent Using Sago Effluent as
the Co-substrate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18:649-654
[55] Medina-Herrera, M. Rodríguez-García, A, Montoya-Herrera, L., CárdenasMijangos, J., Godínez-Mora-Tovar, L.A., Bustos-Bustos E., Rodríguez-Valadez,
F.J. Dan Manríquez-Rocha J, Anaerobic Digestion Of Slaughterhouse Solid
60
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Waste For The Optimization Of Biogas Production, International Journal Of
Environment. Res., 8(2):483-492, Januari 2014
[56] Bambang Trisakti, Veronica Manalu, Irvan, Taslim Dan Muhammad
Turmuzi, “Acidogenesis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent to Produce Biogas: Effect of
Hydraulic Retention Time and pH”, Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences,
195 (2015), hal: 2466-2474.
[57] Yee-Shian Wong, Soon-An Ong, Kok-Keat Lim and Hong-Chen Lee,
“Acclimatization and Performance Study of Acidogenesis Anaerobic Degradation
Process for Palm Oil Mill Effluent”, International Conference on Environmental
and Industrial Innovation, 12 (2011).
[58] Piyarat Boonsawang, Athirat Rerngnarong, Chakrit Tongurai, Sumate
Chaiprapat, Effect Of Ph, Olr, And Hrt On Performance Of Acidogenic And
Methanogenic Reactors For Treatment Of Biodiesel Wastewater, Desalination
And Water Treatment, Doi: 10.1080/19443994, 2014
[59] Rungrawee Yingyuad, Selection Of Biogas Production System For Tapioca
Starch Wastewater By Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Siu Rs: Sot-Msmt-200601, Februari 2007
[60] Tabassum Mumtaz, Suaraini Abd-Aziz, Nor Aini Abdul Rahman, Phang Lai
Yee, Yoshihito Shirai Dan Mohd Ali Hassan, Pilot-Scale Recovery Of Low
Molecular Weight Organic Acids From Anaerobically Treated Palm Oil Mill
Effluent (Pome) With Energy Intergrated System, African Journal Of
Biotechnology Vol. 7 (21). Pp. 3900-3905, 5 November 2008.
[61] Alastair David Broughton, Hydrolisis And Acidogenesis Of Farm Dairy
Effluent For Biogas Productiob At Ambient Temperatures, New Zaeland, 2009.
[62] Ventura, Jey-R Sabado, Jehoon Lee, Deokjin Jahng. 2014. A Comparative
Study On The Alternating Mesophilic And Thermophilic Two-Stage Anaerobic
Digestion Of Food Waste. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 26,1274-1283
[63] Jingxin Zhang, Yaobin Zhang, Xie Quan, Shuo Chen. 2015. Enhancement
Of Anaerobic Acidogenesis By Integrating An Electrochemical System Into An
Acidogenic Reactor: Effect Of Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) And Role Of
Bacteria And Acidophilic Methanogenic Archaea. Bioresource technology,
179,43-49
[64] Ghaly, A.E., Ramkumar, D.R., Sadaka, S.S., dan Rochon, J.D. 2000. Effect
of Reseeding and pH Control on the Performance of a Two-Stage Mesophilic
Anaerobic Digester Operating on Acid Cheese Whey. Canadian Agricultural
Engineering 42 (4)
61
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[65] Johan Lindmark, Per Eriksson, Eva Thorin, The Effects Of Different Mixing
Intensities During Anaerobic Digestion Of The Organic Fraction Of Municipal
Solid Waste, Waste Management Dx.Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Wasman, April 2014
62
Universitas Sumatera Utara