Penentuan Waktu Reaksi Optimum Gliserolisis Minyak Inti Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Lipase Candida Rugosa Dalam Pelarut Tert-Butanol
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akoh, C. C., Lee, G. C., Shaw, J. F. 2004. Protein Engineering and Applications
of Candida rugosa Lipase Isoforms. Lipids. 39: 513.
Anggoro, D. D. dan Budi, F. S. 2008. Proses Gliserolisis Minyak Kelapa Sawit
Menjadi Mono Dan Diacyl Gliserol Dengan Pelarut N-Butanol Dan katalis
MgO. Reaktor. 12: 22-28.
Atkins, P.W. 1997. Kimia Fisika. Cetakan Keempat. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta
Bezbradica, D., Karalazic, I., Ognjanovic, N., Mijin, D., Siler-Marinkovic, S.,
Knezevic, Z. 2006. Studies on the specifity of Candida rugosa lipase
catalyzed esterification reactions in organic media. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 71:
31-41.
Corma, A et al. 1997. Catalysts for the Production fine Chemicals-Production of
Food Emulsifiers, Monoglycerides, by Glycerolysis of fats Solid base
Catalysts. Journal of Catalysia. 173; 315-321 di dalam Pramana, Y. S.,
Mulyani, S. 2009. Proses Gliserolisis CPO Menjadi Mono Dan Diacyl
Gliserol Dengan Pelarut Tert-Butanol Dan Katalis MgO. Universitas
Diponegoro.
Cotton, F. A., dan Wilkinson, G. 2007. Kimia Anorganik Dasar. Penerjemah:
Suharto, S.
Damstrup, M. L., Jensen. T., Sparso, F. V., Kiil, S. Z., Jensen, A. D., Xu, X. 2005.
Solvent Optimization for Efficient Enzymatic Monoacylglycerol
Production Based on a Glycerolysis Reaction. J. Am. Oil Chem.
Soc.82:559.
Fadiloglu, S. and Soylemez, Z. 1997. Kinetics of lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of
olive oil. Food research international. 30:171-175.
Fauzi, Y., Widyastuti, Y. E., Satyawibawa, I., Paeru, R. H., 2012. Kelapa Sawit.
Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Ferretti, C. A., Olcese, R. N., Apesteguia, C. R., Cosimo, J. I. D. 2009.
Heterogenously catalyzed glycerolysis of fatty acid methyl esters: reaction
parameter optimization. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48: 10387-10394.
Ferretti, C. A., Soldano, A., Apesteguia, C. R., Cosimo, J. I. D. 2010.
Monoglyceride synthesis by glycerolisis of methyl oleate on solid acidbase catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal. 161: 346-354.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Fessenden, R. J. 1986. Kimia Organik. Edisi Ketiga. Jilid 2. Alih bahasa:
Pudjaatmaka, A. H. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta.
Fregolente, L. V., Martins, P. Z., Batistella, C. B., Wolf-Maciel, M. R. 2005.
Effect of reaction parameters in the synthesis of monoglycerides from
soybean oil. 2nd Mercosur Congress on Chemical Engineering. 4th
Mercosur Congress on Process Systems Engineering. 1-7.
Fregolente, P. B. L., Fregolente, L. V., Pinto, G. M. F., Batistella, B. C., WolfMaciel, M. R., Filho, R. M. 2008. Monoglycerides and Diglycerides
Synthesis in a Solvent-Free System by Lipase-Catalyzed Glycerolysis.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 146: 165-172.
Fregolente, P. B. L., Pinto, G. M. F., Wolf-Maciel, M. R., Filho, R. M. 2010.
Monoglyceride and Diglyceride production through lipase-catalyzed
glycerolysis and molecular distillation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 160:
1879-1887.
Grochulski, P., Li, Y., Schrag, J. D., Bouthilliert, F., Smith, P., Harrison, D.,
Rubin, B., Cygler, M. 1993. Insights into interfacial activation from an
open structure of Candida rugosa lipase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 1284312847.
Hart, H. 2003. Kimia Organik – Suatu Kuliah Singkat. Edisi Kesebelas. Penerbit
Erlangga. Jakarta.
Insani, D. N. 2012. Studi esterifikasi antara asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak
kelapa sawit dengan sukrosa menggunakan lipase Candida rugosa EC
3.1.1.3 terimobilisasi pada matriks silica gel 60. [Skripsi]. Depok:
Universitas Indonesia,
Jackson, M. A., King, J. W. 1997. Lipase-Catalyzed Glycerolysis of Soybean Oil
in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 74: 103-106.
Ketaren, S. 1986. Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. UI-Press. Jakarta.
Kimmel, T. 2004. Kinetic investigation of the base-catalyzed glycerolysis of fatty
acid methyl esters. Berlin: der Technischen Universität Berlin
McNeill, G. P., Yamane, T. 1991. Further improvements in the yield of
monoglucerides during enzymatic glycerolysis of fats and oils. J. Am. Oil
Chem. Soc. 68: 6-10.
Monecke, P., Friedemann, R., Naumann, S., Csuk, R. 1998. Molecular Modelling
Studies on the Catalytic Mechanism of Candida Rugosa Lipase. J. Mol.
Model. 4: 395-404.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Nandi, S., Gangopadhyay, S., Ghosh, S. 2005. Production of medium chain
glycerides from coconut and palm kernel fatty acid distillates by lipasecatalyzed reactions. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 36: 725-728.
Noureddini, H., Harkey, D. W., Gutsman, M. R. 2004. A Continuous Process for
the Glycerolysis of Soybean Oil. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Research and Publications.
Poedjiadi, A. 2007. Dasar - Dasar Biokimia. UI-Press. Jakarta.
Pramana, Y. S., Mulyani, S., 2009. Proses Gliserolisis CPO Menjadi Mono Dan
Diacyl Gliserol Dengan Pelarut Tert-butanol Dan Katalis MgO. Teknik
Kimia, Universitas Diponegoro.
Rosu, R., Yasui, M., Iwasaki, Y., Yamane, T. 1999. Enzymatic Synthesis of
Symmetrical 1,3-Diacylglycerols by Direct Esterification of Glycerol in
Solvent-Free System. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 76: 839-843.
Sihotang, H. dan Ginting, M. 2006. Pembuatan Monogliserida melalui Gliserolisis
Minyak Inti Sawit Menggunakan Katalis Natrium Metoksida. Jurnal Sains
Kimia. 10: 51-57.
Sonntag, N. O. V. 1982. Glycerolysis of Fats and Methyl Esters - Status, Review
and Critique. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 59: 795A-802A.
Sudarmadji, S. 1992. Analisa Bahan Makanan dan Pertanian. Penerbit Erlangga.
Jakarta.
UI-Press. Jakarta.
Villeneuve, P., Muderhwa, J. M., Graille, J., Haas., M. J., 2000, Customizing
lipases for biocatalysis: a survey of chemical, physical and molecular
biological approaches., J. Mol. Catal B. 9: 113-148.
Winarno, F. G. 1995. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka
Utama. Jakarta.
Yang, T., Rebsdorf, M., Engelrud, U., Xu, X. 2005. Enzymatic production of
monoacylglycerols containing polyunsaturated fatty acids through an
efficient glycerolysis system. J. Agric. Food Chem.
Zaks, A., and Klibanov, A. M. 1985. Enzyme-catalyzed processes in organic
solvents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci . 82: 3192-3196.
.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Akoh, C. C., Lee, G. C., Shaw, J. F. 2004. Protein Engineering and Applications
of Candida rugosa Lipase Isoforms. Lipids. 39: 513.
Anggoro, D. D. dan Budi, F. S. 2008. Proses Gliserolisis Minyak Kelapa Sawit
Menjadi Mono Dan Diacyl Gliserol Dengan Pelarut N-Butanol Dan katalis
MgO. Reaktor. 12: 22-28.
Atkins, P.W. 1997. Kimia Fisika. Cetakan Keempat. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta
Bezbradica, D., Karalazic, I., Ognjanovic, N., Mijin, D., Siler-Marinkovic, S.,
Knezevic, Z. 2006. Studies on the specifity of Candida rugosa lipase
catalyzed esterification reactions in organic media. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 71:
31-41.
Corma, A et al. 1997. Catalysts for the Production fine Chemicals-Production of
Food Emulsifiers, Monoglycerides, by Glycerolysis of fats Solid base
Catalysts. Journal of Catalysia. 173; 315-321 di dalam Pramana, Y. S.,
Mulyani, S. 2009. Proses Gliserolisis CPO Menjadi Mono Dan Diacyl
Gliserol Dengan Pelarut Tert-Butanol Dan Katalis MgO. Universitas
Diponegoro.
Cotton, F. A., dan Wilkinson, G. 2007. Kimia Anorganik Dasar. Penerjemah:
Suharto, S.
Damstrup, M. L., Jensen. T., Sparso, F. V., Kiil, S. Z., Jensen, A. D., Xu, X. 2005.
Solvent Optimization for Efficient Enzymatic Monoacylglycerol
Production Based on a Glycerolysis Reaction. J. Am. Oil Chem.
Soc.82:559.
Fadiloglu, S. and Soylemez, Z. 1997. Kinetics of lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of
olive oil. Food research international. 30:171-175.
Fauzi, Y., Widyastuti, Y. E., Satyawibawa, I., Paeru, R. H., 2012. Kelapa Sawit.
Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Ferretti, C. A., Olcese, R. N., Apesteguia, C. R., Cosimo, J. I. D. 2009.
Heterogenously catalyzed glycerolysis of fatty acid methyl esters: reaction
parameter optimization. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48: 10387-10394.
Ferretti, C. A., Soldano, A., Apesteguia, C. R., Cosimo, J. I. D. 2010.
Monoglyceride synthesis by glycerolisis of methyl oleate on solid acidbase catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal. 161: 346-354.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Fessenden, R. J. 1986. Kimia Organik. Edisi Ketiga. Jilid 2. Alih bahasa:
Pudjaatmaka, A. H. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta.
Fregolente, L. V., Martins, P. Z., Batistella, C. B., Wolf-Maciel, M. R. 2005.
Effect of reaction parameters in the synthesis of monoglycerides from
soybean oil. 2nd Mercosur Congress on Chemical Engineering. 4th
Mercosur Congress on Process Systems Engineering. 1-7.
Fregolente, P. B. L., Fregolente, L. V., Pinto, G. M. F., Batistella, B. C., WolfMaciel, M. R., Filho, R. M. 2008. Monoglycerides and Diglycerides
Synthesis in a Solvent-Free System by Lipase-Catalyzed Glycerolysis.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 146: 165-172.
Fregolente, P. B. L., Pinto, G. M. F., Wolf-Maciel, M. R., Filho, R. M. 2010.
Monoglyceride and Diglyceride production through lipase-catalyzed
glycerolysis and molecular distillation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 160:
1879-1887.
Grochulski, P., Li, Y., Schrag, J. D., Bouthilliert, F., Smith, P., Harrison, D.,
Rubin, B., Cygler, M. 1993. Insights into interfacial activation from an
open structure of Candida rugosa lipase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 1284312847.
Hart, H. 2003. Kimia Organik – Suatu Kuliah Singkat. Edisi Kesebelas. Penerbit
Erlangga. Jakarta.
Insani, D. N. 2012. Studi esterifikasi antara asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak
kelapa sawit dengan sukrosa menggunakan lipase Candida rugosa EC
3.1.1.3 terimobilisasi pada matriks silica gel 60. [Skripsi]. Depok:
Universitas Indonesia,
Jackson, M. A., King, J. W. 1997. Lipase-Catalyzed Glycerolysis of Soybean Oil
in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 74: 103-106.
Ketaren, S. 1986. Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. UI-Press. Jakarta.
Kimmel, T. 2004. Kinetic investigation of the base-catalyzed glycerolysis of fatty
acid methyl esters. Berlin: der Technischen Universität Berlin
McNeill, G. P., Yamane, T. 1991. Further improvements in the yield of
monoglucerides during enzymatic glycerolysis of fats and oils. J. Am. Oil
Chem. Soc. 68: 6-10.
Monecke, P., Friedemann, R., Naumann, S., Csuk, R. 1998. Molecular Modelling
Studies on the Catalytic Mechanism of Candida Rugosa Lipase. J. Mol.
Model. 4: 395-404.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Nandi, S., Gangopadhyay, S., Ghosh, S. 2005. Production of medium chain
glycerides from coconut and palm kernel fatty acid distillates by lipasecatalyzed reactions. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 36: 725-728.
Noureddini, H., Harkey, D. W., Gutsman, M. R. 2004. A Continuous Process for
the Glycerolysis of Soybean Oil. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Research and Publications.
Poedjiadi, A. 2007. Dasar - Dasar Biokimia. UI-Press. Jakarta.
Pramana, Y. S., Mulyani, S., 2009. Proses Gliserolisis CPO Menjadi Mono Dan
Diacyl Gliserol Dengan Pelarut Tert-butanol Dan Katalis MgO. Teknik
Kimia, Universitas Diponegoro.
Rosu, R., Yasui, M., Iwasaki, Y., Yamane, T. 1999. Enzymatic Synthesis of
Symmetrical 1,3-Diacylglycerols by Direct Esterification of Glycerol in
Solvent-Free System. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 76: 839-843.
Sihotang, H. dan Ginting, M. 2006. Pembuatan Monogliserida melalui Gliserolisis
Minyak Inti Sawit Menggunakan Katalis Natrium Metoksida. Jurnal Sains
Kimia. 10: 51-57.
Sonntag, N. O. V. 1982. Glycerolysis of Fats and Methyl Esters - Status, Review
and Critique. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 59: 795A-802A.
Sudarmadji, S. 1992. Analisa Bahan Makanan dan Pertanian. Penerbit Erlangga.
Jakarta.
UI-Press. Jakarta.
Villeneuve, P., Muderhwa, J. M., Graille, J., Haas., M. J., 2000, Customizing
lipases for biocatalysis: a survey of chemical, physical and molecular
biological approaches., J. Mol. Catal B. 9: 113-148.
Winarno, F. G. 1995. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka
Utama. Jakarta.
Yang, T., Rebsdorf, M., Engelrud, U., Xu, X. 2005. Enzymatic production of
monoacylglycerols containing polyunsaturated fatty acids through an
efficient glycerolysis system. J. Agric. Food Chem.
Zaks, A., and Klibanov, A. M. 1985. Enzyme-catalyzed processes in organic
solvents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci . 82: 3192-3196.
.
Universitas Sumatera Utara