The Role of New Media in Facilitating Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study: Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
'HVV\.DQLD
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
Mediia in
in Facilitating
Facilitatting Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneursh in
The Role of New Media
Tourism - Case
Ca
ase Study: Promoting Komodo
Kom
modo Island
sa Tenggara
Tenggara
in East Nus
Nusa
Dessy Kania
Dessy
8QLYHHUVLWDV%DNULH -DNDUWD
8QLYHUVLWDV%DNULH-DNDUWD
GHVVV\NDQLDD#JPDLOFRP
GHVV\NDQLD#JPDLOFRP
ABSTRACT
P LV DQQ LPSRUWDQW FRPS
RPSRQ
RQQHQW RI WKH ,QGRQHVLDQ HFRQRP\ DV ZHOO DVV D VLJ
7RXULVPLVDQLPSRUWDQWFRPSRQHQWRIWKH,QGRQHVLDQHFRQRP\DVZHOODVDVLJQL¿FDQW
VRXUFHRIWKHFRXQWU\¶VIRUHLJQH[FKDQJHUHYHQXHV$FFRUGLQJWRWKH&HQWHURI'DWDDQG,QIRUPDRXQWU\¶¶V IR
I UHLJQ H[FFKDQJJH UHYHQXHV $FFRUGLQJ
U
WR WKH &HQWHU RI 'DDWD DQ
WLRQ0LQLVWU\RI&XOWXUHDQG7RXULVPWKHJURZWKRIIRUHLJQYLVLWRUDUULYDOVWR,QGRQHVLDKDV
RI &XOWXUUH DQG 7RXU
X LVP
XU
LVP WKH JURZWK RII IRUHLJQ YLVLWRU DUULYDOV WR ,QGRQH
LQFUHDVHGUDSLGO\E\ SHUFHQWVLQFHWRWKHSUHVHQW
GO\ E\ SH
S UFHQW VLQFHH
WR WKH SUHVHQW
2QHRIWKHPRVWSRWHQWLDOWRXULVPGHVWLQDWLRQVLV.RPRGR,VODQGORFDWHGLQ(DVW1XVD
I WKH PRVW SRWHHQW
Q LDO WRXULVVP GHVWLQDWLRQV LV .RPRGR ,VODQG OR
RFDWHG LQ (D
7HQJJDUD:LWKWKHLVODQG¶VXQLTXHTXDOLWLHVZKLFKLQFOXGHWKHKDELWDWRIWKH.RPRGRGUDJRQV
WK WKH LVODQG¶V XQLT
LTXH TXDO
LT
D LW
DO
LWLH
LHV
V ZKLFK LQFOXGH WKH KDELWD
DW RI
R WKH .RPRGR
DQGEHDXWLIXODQGH[RWLFPDULQHOLIHLWLVOLNHO\WREHRQHRIWKHSURPLVLQJWRXULVPGHVWLQDWLRQVLQ
DQG H[RWLF PDULQH OLIH
IH LW
IH
L LV OLNHO\ WR EH RQH RI WKH SU
S RP
RPLVLQJ WRXULVP GHVW
,QGRQHVLDDQGLQWKHZRUOG,Q WKHLVODQGKDVEHHQGHFODUHGDVD:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHE\
LQ WKH ZRUOG ,Q WKH LV
LVOD
VOD
ODQG
QGG KD
KDV EHHHQ
Q GH
GHFO
FODUHG DV D :RUOG +HULWDJ
81(6&2
7KH0LQLVWU\RI&XOWXUHDQG7RXULVPFRQWLQXRXVO\SURPRWHVPDQ\RIWKHFRXQWU\¶VQDWXUDO
LQLVWU\ RI &XOWXUH DQG 7RXULVP FRQWLQXRXVO\ SURPRWHV PDQ\ RI WKH FRXQW
SRWHQWLDOLQWRXULVPWKURXJKYDULRXVPHGLD SULQWHGPHGLDWHOHYLVLRQDQGHVSHFLDOO\QHZPHGLD
XULVP WKURXJK YDULRXV PHGLD SULQWHG PHGLD WHOHYLVLRQ DQG HVSHFLDOO\ Q
+RZHYHUWKHUHDUHFKDOOHQJHVIRUWKH,QGRQHVLDQWRXULVPLQGXVWU\LQIDFLOLWDWLQJHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS
H DUUH FK
KDO
D OHQJHV IR
IR WK
IRU
WKH ,QQGR
GRQHVL
VLDQ WRXUULVP LQ
VL
LQGX
G VWU\
U\ LQ ID
I FLOLWDWLQ
QJ HQWUHS
VNLOOVDPRQJWKHORFDOSHRSOHLQ(DVW1XVD7HQJJDUD$FFRUGLQJWRWKH&HQWUDO%XUHDXRI6WDWLVKH OR
RFDOO SHRSOH LQ
Q (DVVW 1XXVD 7H
7 QJJJDUDD $FFFRUUGLQJ
J WR WKHH &HQWUDDO %X
XUHD
WLFV (DVW1XVD7HQJJDUDLVFRQVLGHUHGDVRQHRIWKHSRRUHVWSURYLQFHVLQ,QGRQHVLDZKHUH
VW 1XVDD 7HQJJDUDD LV FRQVLLGHUUHG
H DVV RQ
QH RII WKH SRRUUHVW S
SUURYLQ
LQ
QFHV LQ ,Q
QGRQ
WKHHFRQRP\LVORZHUWKDQWKHDYHUDJHZLWKDKLJKLQÀDWLRQRIDQGXQHPSOR\PHQWRI
V ORZ
ZHU WKDQ WKH DYHUD
DJH ZLWK
K D KLLJK LQÀ
ÀDWLRQ RI
DQ
QG XQQHP
PSOR\\PH
7KLVUHVHDUFKLVQHHGHGWRH[SORUHIXUWKHUWKHSKHQRPHQRQEHKLQGWKHDERYHIDFWVDLPLQJDWH[LV QHHHGHHG WR H[SOR
RUH IX
I UWKHHU WK
KH SKHQ
QRPHHQRQ EHKLQ
QG WK
KH DEERY
R H ID
IDFWV DLP
DPLQLQJWKHUROHRIQHZPHGLDLQIDFLOLWDWLQJHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSLQWKHWRXULVPLQGXVWU\LQ.RPRGR
OH RI QHZ
Z PHGLD
D LQ ID
IDFLOLWD
DWLQJJ HQ
QWUHSUHHQHX
XUVKKLS LQ
Q WKHH WRXULVVP LQGXVVWU\
,VODQG7KHUHVXOWVRIWKLVVWXG\DUHH[SHFWHGWRSURYLGHLQVLJKWVWKDWFDQKHOSORFDOWRXULVPLQ
HVXOWVV RI
RI WKLV VWXG\\ DUH H[S
SHFWWHG WR
R SURYYLGH LQVLLJKWVV WKD
DW FDQ KHHOS ORFD
FD
FDO
D WR
(DVW1XVD7HQJJDUD
JJDUD
.H\ZRUGV 7RXULVP(QWUHSUHQHXUVKLS1HZ0HGLD
XULVP
P (Q
( WUUHS
HSUH
UHHQHHXUVK
KLS
S 1H
1 Z 0HGLD
GLL
OUND
I. BACKGROUND
evittaab
blee th
tthat
att tou
uri
r sm
m in In
ndo
d nesiia
It is inevitable
tourism
Indonesia
im
mpoort
r ant indicator
indi
dicato
di
i or in sti
imulatthas become ann important
stimulatP\RIWKHFRXQWU\,Q WRXULQJWKHHFRQRP\RIWKHFRXQWU\,Q WRXUderred
e aass on
ne th
hird of
of tthe
he for
orei
or
e gn
ism was considered
one
third
foreign
HQXH
XH DDIWHU
XH
IWHU RLO
QDWX
WX
WXUD
XUD
U O
O JD
DV DQ
DDQG
G
H[FKDQJH UHYHQXH
RLO
QDWXUDO
JDV
RUGLLQJ WWR
R WKH
K &
KH
HQWU
WUDO
WU
DOO %XUHDX RI
SDOP RLO$FFRUGLQJ
WKH
&HQWUDO
6 WRXULVWVZKRYLVLWHG,QGRQHVLD
6WDWLVWLFV %36 WRXULVWVZKRYLVLWHG,QGRQHVLD
LQ$XJXVWUHDFKHGSHRSOHZKHUH
WKHQXPEHULVULVLQJE\FRPSDUHGWRWKH
-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
QXPEHURIWRXULVWVLQWKHVDPHSH
QXPEHURIWRXULVWVLQWKHVDPHSHULRGLQ
DV PDQ\
\DV
\
DV
PL
P OOLR
RQSHRS
RS
RSOH P
RS
DVPDQ\DVPLOOLRQSHRSOH PHGLDLQGRQHVLLDFR
VLD
F P RNW
VLDFRPRNW
$Q ,QGRQHVLDQ (FRQRPLVW )DLVD
)DLVDO %DVUL LQGLFDWH
GL
WHG
WH
G LLQ
QQ KLV
LV VSHHF
LV
HFK
HFK
K ³,QGR
GR
RQHVLD (FRQRPLF
GLFDWHG
LQ
KLV
VSHHFK
³,QGRQHVLDQ
' YHOR
'H
RSPHQ
QW
W 5
RDG
GPDDS
'HYHORSPHQW
5RDGPDS
´
WKDW WKH
tor iiss projected
d to bbecome
eco the drivtourism sect
sector
ing force of the economy in the co
coming period
RI DQGWKDWWKHVHFWRUZLOOEHDEOH
WR FRQWULEXWH DERXW SHUFHQW WR SHUFHQW
63
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
RI WKH *URVV
V 'RPHVWLF *URZWK *'3 LQ WKH
WKH
FRPLQJ \HDU
KWWS QDVLRQDONRPSDVFRP
HDU KWWS QDVLRQDONRPSD
SDVVFFRP
SD
DFFHHVV
VVHGRQ2FWRUHDG DFFHVVHGRQ2FWR
EHU
ign
ig
n to
ttourists
urists visiting InIn
nThe number of foreig
foreign
GRQHVLDKDVLQFUHDVHGSHULRGLFDOO\7KLVLVGXHWR
QFUHDVHGSH
SHHUL
U RGLFDDOO\7KLVLVGXHWR
R
WKHZHDOWKDQGQDWXUDOEHDXW\KLVWRULFDOKHULWDJH
QGQDWXUDOO EHD
H XW
XW\
\ KLVWRUULFDOKHHULWDJH
DQGWKHGLYHUVLW\RI,QGRQHVLD¶VFXOWXUH7KHVHDUH
VLW\RI,QG
QGRQ
QG
R HVLD¶VFXOWXUH
UH7KH
KHHVHDUH
considered as important eelements
supporting
lements in suppor
orti
or
ting
ti
ng tthe
h
he
FRXQWU\¶VWRXULVP,QDGGLWLRQ,QGRQHVLDLVNQRZQ
ULVP,Q
,,Q
Q DGG
GGLWLRQ,QGRQHVLD
G
LVNQRZ
ZQ
as the largest archip
archipelagic
country
world
pelagic cou
untry in
n the w
orld tthat
or
orld
hat
has the fourth
longest
coastline
world
h long
gest coastli
ine in tthe
hee worl
w
wo
orl
rld with
rld
DSSUR[LPDWHO\LVODQGV
\
LVODQGV
:LWK LWV JH
JHRJUDSKLFDO
,QGRQHVLD
HRJUDSKLFDO OD\RXW ,Q
,QGR
,Q
GRQHVLD
GR
located below
w the eq
eq
equator
has rresulted
esullted
lted for havLQJWURSLFDODQGZHWFOLPDWHWKURXJKRXWWKH\HDU
DQGZHW FOLPDWHWKUR
RXJKRX
XWWKH\HDU
0RUHRYHULWVSRVLWLRQZKLFKPHGLDWHVWKHFRQWLVSRVLWLRQ ZKLFKPHG
GLDWWHVWKHFRQWLnents of Asia and Austra
Australia
Indian
Ocean
ali
l a and the Indi
dian O
dian
cean
DQG3DFL¿F,QGRQHVLDKDVDYHU\VWUDWHJLFORFD,QGRQHVLDKDV DYHU\VWUDDWHJLFOORFDWLRQ KWWS ZZZZLVDWDONFRPDFFHVVHGRQ2FZZZZLVDWDONFRP
PDFFHVV
VHG RQ2FWREHU
In addition
dition to natural conditions that
tha
hatt supsuupSRUW WKH SRWHQWLDO
HQWLDO RI WRXULVP LQ ,QGRQHVLD WKH
WKH
government also issued laws and regulations that
VXSSRUW LWV FLWL]HQV
LWL]HQV IRU KDYLQJ DQG H[SHULHQFLQJ
WRXULVPDFWLYLWLHV$FFRUGLQJWRWKHFRXQWU\¶VODZ
LWLHVV$FFFR
F UGLQJWR
RWKHHFRXQW
QWU\¶V ODZ
QW
'HVV\.DQLD
7
7UDYH
UD
DYH
Y O LQ \RXU RZQ FRXQWU\ ZH ZLOO GH¿QLWHO\
7UDYHO
bea
eaut
uty that is no less more
uty
mor interesting
obtain beauty
ab
broad.
ro
ro
n
than places abroad.
Help this nation
by not
sprees buying international
sp
having spending sprees
no
ot buying the
th beauty of
products, including not
other nations"
)URPYDULRXVVHOHFWLR
LR
RQVIR
)URPYDULRXVVHOHFWLRQVIRUWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQVLQ,QGRQHVLD(DVW1XVVD7H
QDWLRQVLQ,QGRQHVLD(DVW1XVD7HQJJDUDLVFRQside
si
dere
de
r d as a very popular tourist
tourrist ddestination and
sidered
ZHOOOORYHGIRUHLJQGHVWLQDWLRQ$
$OWK
ZHOOORYHGIRUHLJQGHVWLQDWLRQ$OWKRXJKWKHSURYincee of East Nusa Tenggara is oone
ne of the poorest
ince
DWXUD VFHQHU\ DQG
SURYLQFHV LQ ,QGRQHVLD LWV QD
QDWXUDO
enc
diversity for tourist attractions encompasses
it as
DQDPD]LQJWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQ$
$VLO
DQDPD]LQJWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQ$VLOOXVWUDWHGLQWKH
IROORZLQJTXRWH KWWS ZZZWRXULVPQWWFRP DFIROORZLQJTXRWH KWWS ZZZ
ZWR
Z
W XULV
FHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
FHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
mo
onies like th
“…traditional ceremo
ceremonies
the Pasola of
6XPEDWKHZKLS
S ¿J
S
¿ KWLQJRI)ORUHV
6XPEDWKHZKLS¿JKWLQJRI)ORUHVDQGWKHZDU
abu
b . See the prehisto
dances of Sa
Sabu.
prehistoric Dragons
Kom
mod
odo, the three colored cr
of Komodo,
crater lakes of
Kelli Mutu in Flores; dive in the wor
Ke
Keli
world renowned
diving destinations of Alor and K
Komodo; surf
the waves of Rote and Sumba…”
)URP
P DOOO WRXULVWG
GHVW LQD
)URPDOOWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQVORFDWHG
LQ )
ORUUHV WKH XQL
Q TXHQ
QH VV RI
LQ
)ORUHV
XQLTXHQHVV
RI WKH .RPRGR
ravell and spend
d you
ur spa
are titime
ime
“Freedom to tr
travel
your
spare
sap
art o
ights.”
travelling is
part
off human ri
rights.”
8QG
GDQJJ .HSDULZLVDWDDQ
.HSDULLZLVDDWDDQQ 88
88
8QGDQJ8QGDQJ
12
W IU
IURP
RP
R
P LWV QDWXU
XUUD
X
UDO DQG
QG
G
:LWK VXSSRUW
VXSSRUW
IURP
QDWXUDO
DQG
auty and the government in prophysical beauty
LVP
PLQ,Q
, GRRQH
QHVL
V DWKHHQH[
H[WVW
H[
VWDJ
VW
DJHLVV
DJ
PRWLQJWRXULVPLQ,QGRQHVLDWKHQH[WVWDJHLV
Q R
RI
I WRX
RXULLVP
P GHV
VWLQDDWL
W RQ
R V :
KHQ
Q
Q
WKH VHOHFWLRQ
RI
WRXULVP
GHVWLQDWLRQV
:KHQ
LVP GH
GGHVWLQDWLRQV
VWWLQDWWLRQV RQH PL
LJK
KW
W
LW FRPHV WR WRXUL
WRXULVP
PLJKW
oossin
ing be
bbetween
tw
ween
n go
oing ab
abro
road or
ro
consider choosing
going
abroad
KH FR
FFRXQWU\
XQ
X
QQWWU\ 8QI
Q RUUWX
W QDWHO\
\ PD
DQ\
H[SORULQJ WKH
8QIRUWXQDWHO\
PDQ\
oplle ar
aaree mo
m
ore
r int
n erresteed in ggont
oIndonesian peo
people
more
interested
IRUWUDYHO$VXUJHGE\WKH&KDLULQJDEURDGIRUWUDYHO$VXUJHGE\WKH&KDLUDWLR
DW
LRQ
LR
RQDO 0D
DQGDW
DWHH 3DUW
DW
W\
\ 6RH
HPDQ RI WKH 1
1DWLRQDO
0DQGDWH
3DUW\
6RHLU DDGDSWHG
GDDSW
S HG
G EE\
\ ,P
\
PDP
P 3UL
LKD
K QG
QG R
QGRNR
WULVQR %DFKLU
,PDP
3ULKDQGRNR
DV KWWS QDVLRQDONRPSDVFRP
LQ .RPSDV
E
L
O K
UHDG EHUZLVDWDODK
GLGDODPQHJHULDFFHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
64
Picture
Pi
t
1
1: East
E t Nusa
N
Tenggara
T
Tourism Map
Source: www.indonesia-tourism.com
-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
'HVV\.DQLD
1DWLRQDO3DUN ZLWKDUHDRINPð LV
N ZLWKDUHDRINPð LV
one of the sought
which
ought after destinations w
h ich
hi
h
lead to become
me as one of the fi
ffinalists
nalists in
7KH1HZ6HYHQ:RQGHUVRI1DWXUH7KLV
YHQ:RQGHUV RI 1D WXUH7KLV
LVGXHWRWKHH[LVWHQFHRIWKH.RPRGR'UDJH[LVWHQFHRIWKH
KH .RPRGR'UDJRQ¶VKDELWDW 9DUDGXVNRPRGRHQVLV ZKLFK
9DUDGXVNR
NRPRGR
NR
R
RHQVLV
V ZKLFK
is one of endangered
angeredd species
spe
p ci
pe
cies
ess thatt occupies
occup
p ies
WKHLVODQG RI.RPRGR
*LOL 0R.RPRGR
G R 5LQFD DQG
GR
DQG*LOL
0 RWDQJ ,Q
WKH QXPEHU
QXP
PEHU RI IRUHLJQ
IRUHLJQ
Q WWRXUR X URXU
ists who visited
Island amounted thee Komodo
Kom
omodo
m
am
m ount-HG WR SHRS
SHRSOH
QXPEHU
SOH ,Q
WWKH
KH QX
X PE
PEHU
H U
HU
RI WRXULVWV LQFUHDVHG
SHRSOH
QFUHDVVHG WR
SH
HRSOH
R S OH
RS
O H ,Q
OH
LWLQFUHDVHGWRSHRSOH0RVWRI
DVHG W RSHRSOH0RVWW RI
the visitors are
re “foreign
“fooreign tourists who
w ho
ho come
come
PDLQO\IURP$XVWUDOLD6RXWKHDVW$VLDDQG
$XVWUDD OLD6RXWKHH DVWW $ VL
V DDQG
WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV KWWS ZZZLQGRQHVLD
WWS ZZ
K
ZZLQG
GRQHVLD
WUDYHOLGQHZVGHWDLOSURPRVLPDQGLUL
VGHWDLO
SURPRVLL PDQGLUL
indonesia-untuk-taman-nasional-komodotuk-tamann-- nasional-k
k omod
o m od
om
d othe-real-wonder-of-the-world
accessed
der-of-the-wo
orld
r
acces
ssed oon
n
2FWREHU
In facilitating
ilitating to promote
t e the Kote
PRGR 1DWLRQDO
QDO 3DUN WKH ,QGRQHVLD JRYJRY
JR
Yernment through
ugh Ministry of Culture and
Tourism is also assisted by a non-profit
RUJDQL]DWLRQ QDPHG 6ZLVVFRQWDFW 7KH RUganization developed
program
known
evellopee d a prog
gr am
m kno
own aass
WKH5HJLRQDO7RXULVP'HYHORSPHQW3URMHFW
7RX
XULVP
P'HYHOR
RSP
P HQW3UR
R MH
M FWW
:,6$7$ ZKLFK
EHJDQ
KLFF K EH
H JDQ LQ
DDQG
QG
LQFOXGHVWKHLVODQGRI)ORUHVLQSURYLQFHRI
LVODD QGR
RI)ORUHVVLQ SURYY LQFHRI
(DVW 1XVD 7HQJJDUD
177 7K
7KH
PDLQ
DFHQJJ
JDUDD 177
KH P
DLQ DF
Ftivities will focu
focus
developing
local
us on
n devel
l o pin
n g loc
c al ddesesstination management
organizations
with
nagem
men
e t organi
nii z ation
n
ns w
i th
h
WZRHQWU\SRLQWVWR)ORUHV /DEXDQ%DMRDQG
QWVWR)ORUHV /DEXDQ%DMRDQG
0DXPHUH KWWS ZZZVZLVVFRQWDFWRULG
KWWS ZZZVZLVVFRQWDFWRULG
SURMHFWVHDVWHUQLQGRQHVLDZLVDWD±UHJLRQHUQL
LQGG R QHV
L
HVLD
HV
LLDD Z LV
L DWW D ±UHJL
± JL
±
J RQDOWRXULVPGHYHORSPHQWRQIORUHVLVODQG
HYHO
HORS
HO
RSP
RS
P H QWW R
RQ I ORUU HV
H LVOO DQ
Q G
G
DFFHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
2FWREHU
6LQFH
0LQLVWU\
&XOWXUH
WK
WWKH
H 0L
0
Q VWU\
QL
U\ RI &
U\
U\
&X
XOW
O XUUH
and Tourism hass set
program
Inseet a ne
nnew
w pr
ro
og
gram iin
n In
ndonesia in order
rder to increase tourist visits:
'HVWLQDWLRQ 0DQ
0DQDJHPHQW
'02
DQ JHPHQ
DQDJ
H W '0
'02
2 7K
7KHUH
DUH WRXULVP
ZKLFK
ZLOO
EH
P GGHVWLQDWLRQV
HVWWLQDWL
HV
WL QV ZK
WLRQ
KLLFFK
K ZL
LOO
OO EH
GHYHORSHGE\DSSO\LQJWKHFRQFHSWRI'02
DSSSO\LLQJWK
Q WK
KHFRQFFHS
HSWW RII'02
0
LQ WKH SHULRG RI WR 7RXULVW GHVWLQDWLRQV LQFOXGH .RWD 7XD -DNDUWD 3DQJDQGDUDQ :HVW -DYD %RUREXGXU -DYD
-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
%URPR7HQJJHU6HPHUX (DVW -DYD
7RED
1RUWK
$FHK /DNH %D 1RUWK
WK
K 6XPDWUD
6XP
XPDWUD 6DEDQJ $FHK
WXU %DOL 5LQMDQL 17% .RPRGR)ORUHV
WXU %DOL 5LQM
QMDQ
QM
DQL 17% .RPR
DQ
)ORUHV 177 7DQMXQJ
3XWWLQJ %RUQHR
7DDQM
QM
QMXQJ
3XWWLQJ
'HUDZDQ
6RXWK
'HUDDZDQ (DVW .DOLPDQWDQ
.DOLPD
PDDQWDQ 7RUDMD
7R
6XODZHVL
6XODDZHVL %XQDNHQ
%XQDNHQ 1RUWK
1RUWK 6XODZHVL
:DNDWREL 1RUWK6XODZHVL DQG5DMD$PSDW
:DNDWREL 1RUWK6XODZHVLL
DQG
3DSXD KWWS QWWRQOLQHQHZVFRPQWWLQGH[
3DSXD KWWS QWWRQOLQHQHZ
ZVFRP
SKS"RSWLRQ FRPBFRQWHQW YLHZ
FRPBFRQWHQW Y
YLHZ DUWLFOH LG
SDNDUSDULZLVDWDGXQLDDNDQEDKDV
SDNDUSDULZLVDWDGXQ
QLDD
ZLVDWDUL FDWLG
SDULZLVDWD ,WHPLG
ZLVDWW DUL FDWLG SDULZLVD
D W D
DFFHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
DFFH
DF
FHVVVHGRQ2FWREHU
'XHWRLWVYHU\IDUZKHUHDERXWVPDQ\
'XH WRLWVYHU\IDUZKHUUHDE
tourists seek information regarding
accomreg
gard
PRGDWLRQV DWWUDFWLRQV VHUYLFHV
VHUYLLFHV RI WRXU RSHUDWRUV DV ZHOO DV WKH UHVWD
UHVWDXUDQWV
DXUDQW VXUURXQGing The Komodo Nationa
National
al Park that can be
DFFHVVHGWKURXJKWKHLQWHUQHW)DUHVIRU$YLDFFHVVHGWKURXJKWKHLQWWHUQHW)D
ation and maritime transport
contransport services
se
QHFWLQJ IURP WKH
%DMR
WKH PDLQ
PDLQ SRUW RI /DEXDQ
/
to Komodo National
Nati
Na
ati
t onal Park are all available in
WKH
IRU REWK
WKH
KH ,QWHUQHW7KH
,Q
,QWH
QWH
WHUUQHW7KH XVH RI WKH ,QWHUQHW
,QWH
taining information is on high ddemand and
can be illustrated from the pictur
picture below:
Pictture 2:: Visitor’s
Visito
to
or’
r s Flag
Fllag Counter
Cou
Picture
SURP
So
uPce:
ur
w
w To
oDurismN
NXTT
TQGc GHVFULEHG
Source:
www.TourismNTT.com
)URP
EDFNJURXQG
)U
)
WWK
WKH
KHww
ED
EDFN
FNNJ
FN
JmN
JU
URX
RXQG
DERYHWKHUHLVDQHHGIRUIXUWKHUUHVHDUFKLQ
DERYHWKHUHLVDQHHGIRUIXUWKHU
RUGHU
WR
KRZ
WKH
RUGH
GHU
H WR
R HH[DPLQH
[DPLQH
PLQH
PL
QH
H KRZ
Z WKH
H UROH RI QHZ PHGLDJRYHUQPHQWDQGRWKHUDJHQFLHVIDFLOLWDWH
GLD
GL
D JRYYHUQPHQ
QWDQ
DDQ
QGRW
R KHHUUDJ
DJ
DJHQFL
tourism and entrepreneurship in Komodo
,VODQG
1XVD
7HQJJDUD
DGGLWLRQ WKLV
,VVODQG
QG LLQ
Q 1X
Q
XVD
V 7HQ
HQJJDUD
JJ
J
,Q DG
research
will
research
re
c wil
illl aalso
lso sstudy
tu
udy eefforts
ffo
ff
orts ffrom the Indonesian
other
d nesiian governmentt and
do
d ot
ther agencies in
SURPRWLQJ.RPRGR,VODQG
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
II.1. New Media and Entrepreneurship
65
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
The way we communicate and proFWVDQGRUVHUYLFHVLVKLJ
JKO
KO\LQ
KO\
L ÀXLQ
PRWHSURGXFWVDQGRUVHUYLFHVLVKLJKO\LQÀXHPHGLXPZHXVH0D
0 Q\HQWUHSUH0D
HQFHGE\WKHPHGLXPZHXVH0DQ\HQWUHSUHULRXVPHGLXPVVX
V FKDVWHOHYLVLRQ
VX
QHXUVXVHYDULRXVPHGLXPVVXFKDVWHOHYLVLRQ
UDGLR DQG QHZVSDSHUV WR
WR
SURGR SSURPRWH
URPRWH LWV SURG
GXFWV (TXDOO\
LPSRUWDQW
FXUUHQW
PHGLXP
\ LPSRUWDQ
QW WKH FXUUH
HQW P
H LXP
HG
P
RI FKRLFH LV 1HZ 0H
0HGLD
1HZ
0
HGL
GLD
D 1
D
HZ PHGLD LV D
form of interactive
communication
eractive communicatio
co
o
on thatt uses
WKH ,QWHUQHW
LQFOXGLQJ
566
LQFOXGLQJ
J SRGFDVWV 566
6 IHHG
IIHHGV
HHG
HGV
VRFLDOQHWZRUNLQJWH[WPHVVDJLQJEORJVZLRUNLQJ
J WH[
J
H[WPHVVDJ
[
JLQJEOR
RJVZ
ZLNLVDQGRWKHUYLUWXDOZRUOGV
HUYLUWWXDOZRUOG
GV
Theree aree many uuses
New
ses ooff N
ew
w MeGLD 1HZ PHGLD DOORZV IRU DQ\RQH
DQ\RRQH WR FUHDWH PRGLI\
DQG
DQG VKDUH FRQWHQW DQG
Q VVKDUH
QG
KDUH LW
KD
ZLWK RWKHUV
XVLQJ
UHODWLYHO\
VLPSOH
XVLQJ
J D UHODWLYHO
HOO\ VLP
LPSOH WRRO
WKDWLVRIWHQIUHHRULQH[SHQVLYH1HZPHGLD
IUHHRU
U LQH[SHQVLLYH 1HZPHGLD
requires a computerr or mobil
mobile
i e ddevice
il
evice with
LQWHUQHW DFFHVV
KWWS DLGVJRYXVLQJQHZ
FHVV KWWS
DLGVJRYXVL
VLQJ
VLQJ
QJQ
Q
QHZ
PHGLDEDVLFVZKDWLVQHZPHGLD
DFFHVVHG
VZKDWLVQHZ
ZPHGLD DFFHV
VVHG
RQ2FWREHU
The role of new media in
i ffacilitating
acilitating
entrepreneurship
the
artirship can be seen from th
he ar
rtiicles Jaya Akunuri
kunuri adapted by Nwankwo and
Gbadamosi in his book "Entrepreneurship
Marketing: Principles and Practice of SME
0DUNHWLQJ
“It has been
een well documented
documentted in
n academic
aca
adem
mic
literature thatt entrepreneurs
enttrepreneurrs relyy hugely
hug
gely on
both personal
sona
al and
an
nd social networking
netwo
orkin
ng conco
on-tact. Online
media
line med
dia furtherr enables
ena
ables entreenttre-preneurs to do
o what
wha
at they
t eyy are
th
are best
be
est at – interintterr
act with people,
e build
build relationship
relatio
io
onship and
an
nd talk
talk
with their customers.””
The usee off tthe
hee IInternet
ntterne
n t fo
ne
fforr sm
ssmall
a ll and
all
al
d
medium entrepreneurs
increase
along
trepr
p en
neuurs
rs hhas
as inc
c rree asee alon
al
lo g
with the uprising
prisii ng of bbusiness
usii ness and
d marSPHQ
HQW $
HQ
V VD
VVDLG
LG
G E\
\ .XUD
UDD WN
W R DQ
DDQG
G
NHW GHYHORSPHQW
$V
.XUDWNR
VVPDOO
PDDOO EEXVLQHVVHV
XVLQHVVVHV XV
XXVH
H
+RGJHWWV
U YYDULRXV
DUU V RRSHUDWLRQV
DULRXV
SHUD
UDDWL
WLR
RQV LQFOX
X GWKH ,QWHUQHW IRU
IRU
LQFOXGLQJFXVWRPHUEDVHGLGHQWLILFDWLRQDGYHUWLVHUEDVHGLGHQWLILFDWLRQDGYHUWLVLQJ FRQVXPHU
EXVLQHVV
PHUU VD
VVDOHV
VDO
D O H V EXV
V LQHV
HVVV WR
W R EXVLQHVV
E XV
X LQ
L HVVV
WUDQVDFWLRQVHPDLODQGSULYDWHLQWHUQDOQHWVHP
PDL
DLOO DQG
G SU
S LYDW
DWW H LQ
DWH
L Q UUQ
LQWHUQ
QDOOQHWWZRUNIRUHPSOR\HHV
PSOR\HHV
II.3. Tourism and Destination Management
There are several approaches to de66
'HVV\.DQLD
ERRN 7RXULVP
¿QLQJ WRXULVP 5HLG LQ KLV ER
*OREDOL]DWLRQ
'HYHORSPHQW 5HVSRQVLEOH
*
*O
OREDO
RE
EDO
DOL]
OL]
L DDWWLRQ
W
DQG 'HYHORSPHQW
7RXULVP3ODQQLQJ VWDWHV
7RXULVP3ODQ
QQLLQJ
Q
³7RXULVP LV DOVR
DOVR
R GH¿QHG HFRQRPLFDOO\
H
among entrepreneur
rs,
s according
accordi
entrepreneurs,
to conVXPSWLRQ SDWWHUQV DQG
DQG
G E\ SUR¿W
SUR DQG ORVV
In many developing countries,
cou
untries, the prices
charged for many exhibits
exhibititits maintained
ma
by
government agencies changes
cha
anges based on
w
wh
ether the visitor is a non-national
no
on-na
whether
touris
st or a citizen of the count
try. In a sense,
ist
country.
tthen,
hen, there are two distinct ttypes
ype of visitors
to such exhibits, even thoug
gh the
th attraction
though
may be the same. For these
e pu
purposes, domestic tourism is seen as much
much as a recreation as it is a form of touris
sm.”
tourism.”
2QH
RXULVP WKDW HPSKD
2QH GH¿QLWLRQ RI
RI WWRXULVP
VL]HVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIH[
HH[
[SHULHQF
VL]HVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIH[SHULHQFHJDLQHGIURP
WRXULVWV SURSRVHG E\
E\
\ 8UU\
8UU\
DGDSWHG E\
/RER LQ KLV DUWLFOH
H&XOWXUDO7RXULVP
&XOWXUDO7R
DUWLFOH
DQG WKH
/HLVXUH3DUDGL
GLJP
GL
JP 7KH$XVWUDOLD
/HLVXUH3DUDGLJP 7KH$XVWUDOLDQ([SHULHQFH
LQWKH
ERR
R N 7KH7RXULVPDQG/
LQWKHERRN7KH7RXULVPDQG/HLVXUH,QGXVWU\ 6KDSLQJWKH)XWXUH
WU\ 6KDSLQJWKH)XWXUH
³7RXULVPLVDGHSDUWXUHIURPHYH
³7RXULVPLVDGHSDUWXUHIURPHYHU\GD\H[SHULHQ
HQFH
QFH +HGHHVFUL
ULEHVWRXULVVP DVH
UL
HQFH+HGHVFULEHVWRXULVPDVH[SHULHQFHDQG
aass a free-time
freee-tim
me act
cttivity th
hat ccontracts
ont
activity
that
with the
GDLO\URXWLQHDQGZKLFKFDQFKLHÀ\EHLGHQWLGDLO
LO\UR
RXWLQ
QHDQ
QGZK
ZKLFKFDQFKL
ZK
¿HGE\PHDQVRI³VLJQV´EULQJLQJVLJQL¿FDQFH
¿H
HGE\PHDDQV RI
I ³VLJ
JQV´ EULQ
QJLQ
WR
DWWHQWLRQ
RI
WR
R WWKH
KH DWWHQ
QWLRQ
Q RI
I WKH
H WWRXULVW
RXUULVW IRU H[DPSOH
EEHDXW\URPDQFHQDWXUH ´
HDX
XW\URP
PDQFHHQDWWXUH ´
0DFOHRG
&DUULHU
0DFOOHR
HRG
G DQG &DUU
UUULHU LLQ WKHLU ERRN
7RXULVP3RZHUDQG&XOWXUH $QWKURSRORJLFDO
7RXULVP3RZHUDQG&XOWXUH $Q
,QVLJKWV VD\VWKDW
, VLLJK
,Q
JKWV
W
VDD\V
\ WKDDW
W
“To
“T
ourism
sm as a
ne
xperriencce and an
a industry is
“Tourism
an
experience
infused by culture in its various dimensions,
G LQÀXHQFHG
G
LQÀ
ÀXHQ
QFH
HG
G WKURXJKRXW
WKUR
UR KRX
URXJKR
KR
RXW E\ UHODWLRQVKLSV
U
DQG
power; th
tthis
his is
is particularly
pa
articul
ullar
u
arly
arly
l apparent
app
of power;
at the
desttination site
it .”
destination
site.”
2QQHHRIWKHH FRQ
RQFHSW
SWWVWK
W DW
2QHRIWKHFRQFHSWVWKDWQHHGWREHH[amin
ned in
n conn
n ecction
n wit
ith
it
th th
he co
amined
connection
with
the
concept of tourism that has been described abo
above is the conFHSWRIGHVWLQDWLRQ$FFRUGLQJWR6WHYHQ3LNH
LQ KLV ERRN 'HVWLQDWLRQ 0DUNHWLQJ $Q ,QWH-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
'HVV\.DQLD
ting Communication Approach
grated Marketing
ion is a geographical
geograph
ph
hic
ical space in
“A destination
ster of tourism
m resources
resources
es
es
which a cluster
exist,
boundary
y.“
rather than a political boundary.“
URP UXELHV
3LNH DGDSWHG IIURP
Clusteer as:
also describes the Cluster
mulation
n of tourist
st resources
res
esou
ources
ou
u
and
“an accumulation
and
attractions, infrastructures,
infrasttructures, equipments,
equipm
ments, service providers,
ers, other
other support
supp
port sectors
secctor
o s and
or
and
an
administrative
ve organisms
org
ganisms whose integrated
inte
egrated
d
and coordinated
ated activities
activities provide customers
cusstomerss
with the experiences
periencces they expected
expect
cted
ed from
fro
rom the
cho
ose to visit”
destination they chose
us categories of tourThere are variou
various
LVP DFWLYLWLHV +HUH DUH
DUH WWKH
FDWHJRULHV
K FDWHJRULH
KH
HV EDVHG
RQ5HLG)XOOHU+D\ZRRGDQG%U\GHQ
U+D\ZRRGDQG
QG%U\GHQQ
QG
LG
DGDSWHGE\5HLG
urissm iss one
urism
ooff thee ca
cate
catego
at goorie
riies
e ooff
Eco-tourism
categories
Picture
3: Categories
ofeTourism
Activities
tourism
i that
h, Haywood
are
f , 1993
d by
y currently
yfavored
Source: activities
Reid, ties
Fuller,
and lBryden,
PDQ\ORFDODQGIRUHLJQWRXULVWV$FFRUGLQJWR
QG IRUHL
HLJ
HL
JQ WRXXUL
U VWV $FF
FFRUUGL
G QJJWR
+DPPLWWDQG6\PPRQGVLQKLVDUWLFOH:LOGHU6\PPRQGVLQKLVDUWLFOH:LOGHUQHVV:HDYHU LQ KLV ERRN 7KH (QF\FORSHGLD
RI(FRWRXULVP
-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
“E
Eco
coto
to
tour
ou ism is travel to fragile, pri
“Ecotourism
pristine, and
prot
pr
o ected areas that strive
st
unusually protected
to be
d (usually)
(us
u ually) small scale.
sca It helps
low impact and
e ucate the travel
ed
eler
el
e ; provides funds for
educate
traveler;
FRQVHUYDWLRQ GLUHFWO\ EHQH¿WVWKH
FRQVHUYDWLRQ GLUHFWO\EHQH¿WVWKHHFRQRPic development and pol
lititic
i al empowerment
emp
ic
political
of local communities; and
d fo
ffoster
ster rrespect for
n rights
different cultures for human
rights”.
IIII. METHODS
II
METHODS
III.
,Q WKLV UHVHDUFK D TXDOL
LWDWL DSSURDFK
TXDOLWDWLYH
LV DSS
SOLHG7KHUHVHDUFKSHULRGWWRR
LVDSSOLHG7KHUHVHDUFKSHULRGWRRNSODFHIURP
$XJXVWXQWLO2FWREHU7KHPHWKRGV
$XJXVWXQWLO2FWREHU
7
used in collecting data for this stu
study consisted
RI VHPLVWUXFWXUHG SHUVRQDO LQ
LQWHUYLHZV
H[DPLQWHUYL
QDWLRQRIGRFXPHQWVDQGSHUVRQDOREVHUYDWLRQV
QDWLRQRIGRFXPHQWVDQGSHUVVRQDOR
Application of multiple meth
methods
hods or triangulation
in social research has bee
been
supported by many
en suppor
researchers because they
ey help to oovercome the
VKRUWFRPLQJVLQKHUHQWLQWKHXVHRIRQHPHWKRG
VKRUWFRPLQJVLQKHUUHQ
HQWLQWKHXVHRI
Case studies aare
ree uused
sed as a research strategy becausee the
th
he fo
ffocus
ocus of this study is the iisland of KoPRGRDVDWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQ
5HWULHYDORIGDWDXVLQJWHFKQLTXHVVXFK
5HWULHYDO
RIGDWDXVLQJWHFK
as in-depth interviews to a key informant
and
in
DOVRLQIRUPDQWVIRUWKLVVWXG\ZDVQHHGHG7KH
DOVR
VR LQIIRU
RUPDQW
QWVIR
QW
IRRU
U WKLVVWXG
G\ ZDV
NH\LQIRUPDQWLQWKLVVWXG\ZDV,U)LUPDQV\DK
NHH\LQ
QIRUUPDQ
QWLQWKL
KLLV
V VWXG\
\ZDDV,U
5DKLP
00
'LUHFWRU
*HQHUDO
5DKLLP
P 0
0 DV WK
WWKH
KH '
LUHFWWRU *
HQH RI7RXULVP
'HVWLQDWLRQ
'HYHORSPHQW
3'3 0LQLVWU\
LVP '
HVWWLQDWLLRQ 'H
HYH
Y OR
RSP
S HQW 3'
RI&XOWXUHDQG7RXULVP,QIRUPDQWVIURP6ZLVVRI &XOWXUHHDQG
G7RX
XULVP
P,Q
QIR
I UPDDQWV
FRQWDFWZHUH0U&KULVWLDQ0DUDPLVDVD)LHOG
FR
RQWDFWZ
ZHUH 0U&KULVWL
WL
WLDQ0D
DUDP
2I¿FH0DQDJHURI(DVWHUQ)ORUHV6ZLVVFRQWDFW
2I¿FHH0
0DQDJ
JHUR
RI(DVWHUQ
UQ)OR
UQ
Q RUHV6
,QGRQHVLDQ
6ZLVV
&RRSHUDWLRQ
,QGRQHVLDQ 6ZL
LVV 'HYHORSPHQW &
IRUWKHSURJUDP7285,607RXULVP'HVWLQDIRUWKHSURJUDP7285,607RXU
WLRQ'HYHORSPHQW)ORUHVORFDWHGLQ0DXPHUH
WLR
WL
RQ 'HY
YHORS
RSPH
PHQW
PH
QW )OR
QW
RUHHVOR
RFD
FDWH
WHGLQ
WH
2WKHU
2
WKH
KHU LQIRUPDQWV
LQ
QIRUP
PDQ
QWV
W LLQFOXGHG
QFOX
XGH 0U )UDQV
7HJXK0$DVWKH+HDGRI3ODQQLQJDQG/H7HJXK0$DVWKH+HDGRI3ODQQ
JDO
'LUHFWRUDWH
*HQHUDO
RI
7RXULVP
'HVWLQDJ O 'L
JD
'
UHHFW
FWRU
R DWHH *H
*
QHUD
U O RI
I7
RXUL
WLRQ'HYHORSPHQW '*3'3 ZKRZDVDQLPWLRQ
WL
RQ
R
Q 'HY
YHO
HOR
ORSPH
PHQWW '*
*3'3
'3
3
ZKR
SRUWDQWLQIRUPDQWHVSHFLDOO\IRUGHWDLOHGGDWD
SRUWWDQWLQ
L IR
I UPDQW
W HVSHFLDOO\IRUG
ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHSURJUDP'HVWLQDWLRQ0DQZ WK UHV
ZL
H SH
S FW WR
R WKHSU
SURJ
RJUDP
P'H
' VWL
DJHPHQWLQ)ORUHV5HVHDUFKHUVDOVRLQFOXGHG
DJHPHQ
DJ
HQ
QWLQ )OR
RUHV 5HHVHDUUFK
FKHU
H VD
0U$QDQJ
6XELDQWRUR
WKH
¿UVW HQWUHSUH0 $QQDQJ 6X
0U
XELDQ
QWRUR
R DV
DDV
VV WKH
KH ¿U
KH
QHXURIDQLQWHUQHWFDIpDYDLODEOHIRUWRXULVWV
QHXURIDQLQWHUQHWFDIpDYDLODEOH
ZDVFKRVHQIRUWKLVUHVHDUFK,QWHUQHW$SLN
RZQHG E\ 0U$QDQJ LV DQ LQWHUQHW FDIp OR67
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
XDQ%DMR
FDWHGLQ/DEXDQ%DMR
GS AND DISCUSSION
DISCUSS
SS
SIO
I N
IV. FINDINGS
ole of New Media
Med
ed
dia (Internet) in
IV.1.The Role
o o Island
promoting Flores and Komod
Komodo
Q UHVHDUFK
KHU
H V H[D
DPLQ
QHG
HG WWKH
KHH UROH
H
:KHQ
UHVHDUFKHUV
H[DPLQHG
UROH
LDHVSHFL
FLLDOO\
O WKH ,QWHUQ
QHWWK
KH¿UVW
RIQHZPHGLDHVSHFLDOO\WKH,QWHUQHWWKH¿UVW
nspect and
and search the Internet
an
Int
nter
erne
neet netstep was to inspect
ies that ar
re available in th
he area
e ;
work facilities
are
the
area;
\WKHWD
WWDDUJ
UJHHWDUHDZDV/DEXDDQ%DMR
IRUWKLVVWXG\WKHWDUJHWDUHDZDV/DEXDQ%DMR
)ORUHV,QWHUHVWLQJO\WKHUHDUHRQO\WZR,QWHUHVWLQJ
JO\WKHUHDUHRQ
QO\WZ
ZR,,QW
,QWHUH
QHW SURYLGHUV
LQ /
/DEXDQ
%DMR
ZKLFK
V LQ
DEXDQ %
DMR
M Z
KLF
L K DUH
LF
DDUH7HODU
UH 7HONRPVHODQG,QGRVDW$FFRUGLQJWR0U$QDQJ
,QGRVVDW$FFRUGLQJWR 0U$Q
QDQJ
DQ LQWHUQHW FDIp
FDIp HHQWUHSUHQHXU
,QWHUQHW
$SLN
QWUHSUHQHXU ,QWHU
H QH
HU
QHWW $
SLN
said that internet
connection
was
established
ernet co
on
onnection
on
wa
as esta
abl
b ished in
E\7HONRPQHWXVLQJDORQJGLVWDQFHUDWH
NRPQHWXV
X LQJDORQ
QJGLVWWDQFHUDWH
He stated that:
at:
“In 2004 Telkomnet instant
insta
tant with local
ta
lo
ocal rate
ratte
was installed.
lled. However, itit only
o ly existed
on
exiist
s ed for
fo
or
three years.
During that period,
rs.
per
erio
er
i d, I used
io
GPRS system
stem from Indosat IM3 which
whi
hich
c is
better than
n Telkomsel Flash. After that, mostt
internet café
afé owner uses IM2 Satellite. For
the past two
wo years, we have faster Internet
access from
om Telkom Speedy.”
7R DFFHVV
,QWHUQHW
PRVW
WRXULVWV
FFHHVV WWKH
KH ,QWHUQ
QHW PRV
VW WR
RXULVVWV
come to Internet
erneet cafes
caafes alongg thee main
maiin road
rooad
a in
in
/DEXDQ%DMR7KHVHVHUYLFHVDUHSURYLGHGE\
R7
7KHVVHVHUYLFHHVDUHHSUR
RYLGH
GHHG E\
\
PDQ\ FDIHV DQG
UHVWDXUDQWV
/DEXDQ
%DMR
DQGG UH
HVWDXUDQWVV LQ /DEX
XDQQ %
DMR
R
DQGWKHFRQQHFWLRQLVJHQHUDOO\WKHVDPHDW
QHFWWL
WLRQ LV
V JHQHHUDOO\
\ WKHVVDP
\
PH DW
W
0EVZKLFKLVJRRGIRU6N\SHDQG
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
Mediia in
in Facilitating
Facilitatting Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneursh in
The Role of New Media
Tourism - Case
Ca
ase Study: Promoting Komodo
Kom
modo Island
sa Tenggara
Tenggara
in East Nus
Nusa
Dessy Kania
Dessy
8QLYHHUVLWDV%DNULH -DNDUWD
8QLYHUVLWDV%DNULH-DNDUWD
GHVVV\NDQLDD#JPDLOFRP
GHVV\NDQLD#JPDLOFRP
ABSTRACT
P LV DQQ LPSRUWDQW FRPS
RPSRQ
RQQHQW RI WKH ,QGRQHVLDQ HFRQRP\ DV ZHOO DVV D VLJ
7RXULVPLVDQLPSRUWDQWFRPSRQHQWRIWKH,QGRQHVLDQHFRQRP\DVZHOODVDVLJQL¿FDQW
VRXUFHRIWKHFRXQWU\¶VIRUHLJQH[FKDQJHUHYHQXHV$FFRUGLQJWRWKH&HQWHURI'DWDDQG,QIRUPDRXQWU\¶¶V IR
I UHLJQ H[FFKDQJJH UHYHQXHV $FFRUGLQJ
U
WR WKH &HQWHU RI 'DDWD DQ
WLRQ0LQLVWU\RI&XOWXUHDQG7RXULVPWKHJURZWKRIIRUHLJQYLVLWRUDUULYDOVWR,QGRQHVLDKDV
RI &XOWXUUH DQG 7RXU
X LVP
XU
LVP WKH JURZWK RII IRUHLJQ YLVLWRU DUULYDOV WR ,QGRQH
LQFUHDVHGUDSLGO\E\ SHUFHQWVLQFHWRWKHSUHVHQW
GO\ E\ SH
S UFHQW VLQFHH
WR WKH SUHVHQW
2QHRIWKHPRVWSRWHQWLDOWRXULVPGHVWLQDWLRQVLV.RPRGR,VODQGORFDWHGLQ(DVW1XVD
I WKH PRVW SRWHHQW
Q LDO WRXULVVP GHVWLQDWLRQV LV .RPRGR ,VODQG OR
RFDWHG LQ (D
7HQJJDUD:LWKWKHLVODQG¶VXQLTXHTXDOLWLHVZKLFKLQFOXGHWKHKDELWDWRIWKH.RPRGRGUDJRQV
WK WKH LVODQG¶V XQLT
LTXH TXDO
LT
D LW
DO
LWLH
LHV
V ZKLFK LQFOXGH WKH KDELWD
DW RI
R WKH .RPRGR
DQGEHDXWLIXODQGH[RWLFPDULQHOLIHLWLVOLNHO\WREHRQHRIWKHSURPLVLQJWRXULVPGHVWLQDWLRQVLQ
DQG H[RWLF PDULQH OLIH
IH LW
IH
L LV OLNHO\ WR EH RQH RI WKH SU
S RP
RPLVLQJ WRXULVP GHVW
,QGRQHVLDDQGLQWKHZRUOG,Q WKHLVODQGKDVEHHQGHFODUHGDVD:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHE\
LQ WKH ZRUOG ,Q WKH LV
LVOD
VOD
ODQG
QGG KD
KDV EHHHQ
Q GH
GHFO
FODUHG DV D :RUOG +HULWDJ
81(6&2
7KH0LQLVWU\RI&XOWXUHDQG7RXULVPFRQWLQXRXVO\SURPRWHVPDQ\RIWKHFRXQWU\¶VQDWXUDO
LQLVWU\ RI &XOWXUH DQG 7RXULVP FRQWLQXRXVO\ SURPRWHV PDQ\ RI WKH FRXQW
SRWHQWLDOLQWRXULVPWKURXJKYDULRXVPHGLD SULQWHGPHGLDWHOHYLVLRQDQGHVSHFLDOO\QHZPHGLD
XULVP WKURXJK YDULRXV PHGLD SULQWHG PHGLD WHOHYLVLRQ DQG HVSHFLDOO\ Q
+RZHYHUWKHUHDUHFKDOOHQJHVIRUWKH,QGRQHVLDQWRXULVPLQGXVWU\LQIDFLOLWDWLQJHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS
H DUUH FK
KDO
D OHQJHV IR
IR WK
IRU
WKH ,QQGR
GRQHVL
VLDQ WRXUULVP LQ
VL
LQGX
G VWU\
U\ LQ ID
I FLOLWDWLQ
QJ HQWUHS
VNLOOVDPRQJWKHORFDOSHRSOHLQ(DVW1XVD7HQJJDUD$FFRUGLQJWRWKH&HQWUDO%XUHDXRI6WDWLVKH OR
RFDOO SHRSOH LQ
Q (DVVW 1XXVD 7H
7 QJJJDUDD $FFFRUUGLQJ
J WR WKHH &HQWUDDO %X
XUHD
WLFV (DVW1XVD7HQJJDUDLVFRQVLGHUHGDVRQHRIWKHSRRUHVWSURYLQFHVLQ,QGRQHVLDZKHUH
VW 1XVDD 7HQJJDUDD LV FRQVLLGHUUHG
H DVV RQ
QH RII WKH SRRUUHVW S
SUURYLQ
LQ
QFHV LQ ,Q
QGRQ
WKHHFRQRP\LVORZHUWKDQWKHDYHUDJHZLWKDKLJKLQÀDWLRQRIDQGXQHPSOR\PHQWRI
V ORZ
ZHU WKDQ WKH DYHUD
DJH ZLWK
K D KLLJK LQÀ
ÀDWLRQ RI
DQ
QG XQQHP
PSOR\\PH
7KLVUHVHDUFKLVQHHGHGWRH[SORUHIXUWKHUWKHSKHQRPHQRQEHKLQGWKHDERYHIDFWVDLPLQJDWH[LV QHHHGHHG WR H[SOR
RUH IX
I UWKHHU WK
KH SKHQ
QRPHHQRQ EHKLQ
QG WK
KH DEERY
R H ID
IDFWV DLP
DPLQLQJWKHUROHRIQHZPHGLDLQIDFLOLWDWLQJHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSLQWKHWRXULVPLQGXVWU\LQ.RPRGR
OH RI QHZ
Z PHGLD
D LQ ID
IDFLOLWD
DWLQJJ HQ
QWUHSUHHQHX
XUVKKLS LQ
Q WKHH WRXULVVP LQGXVVWU\
,VODQG7KHUHVXOWVRIWKLVVWXG\DUHH[SHFWHGWRSURYLGHLQVLJKWVWKDWFDQKHOSORFDOWRXULVPLQ
HVXOWVV RI
RI WKLV VWXG\\ DUH H[S
SHFWWHG WR
R SURYYLGH LQVLLJKWVV WKD
DW FDQ KHHOS ORFD
FD
FDO
D WR
(DVW1XVD7HQJJDUD
JJDUD
.H\ZRUGV 7RXULVP(QWUHSUHQHXUVKLS1HZ0HGLD
XULVP
P (Q
( WUUHS
HSUH
UHHQHHXUVK
KLS
S 1H
1 Z 0HGLD
GLL
OUND
I. BACKGROUND
evittaab
blee th
tthat
att tou
uri
r sm
m in In
ndo
d nesiia
It is inevitable
tourism
Indonesia
im
mpoort
r ant indicator
indi
dicato
di
i or in sti
imulatthas become ann important
stimulatP\RIWKHFRXQWU\,Q WRXULQJWKHHFRQRP\RIWKHFRXQWU\,Q WRXUderred
e aass on
ne th
hird of
of tthe
he for
orei
or
e gn
ism was considered
one
third
foreign
HQXH
XH DDIWHU
XH
IWHU RLO
QDWX
WX
WXUD
XUD
U O
O JD
DV DQ
DDQG
G
H[FKDQJH UHYHQXH
RLO
QDWXUDO
JDV
RUGLLQJ WWR
R WKH
K &
KH
HQWU
WUDO
WU
DOO %XUHDX RI
SDOP RLO$FFRUGLQJ
WKH
&HQWUDO
6 WRXULVWVZKRYLVLWHG,QGRQHVLD
6WDWLVWLFV %36 WRXULVWVZKRYLVLWHG,QGRQHVLD
LQ$XJXVWUHDFKHGSHRSOHZKHUH
WKHQXPEHULVULVLQJE\FRPSDUHGWRWKH
-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
QXPEHURIWRXULVWVLQWKHVDPHSH
QXPEHURIWRXULVWVLQWKHVDPHSHULRGLQ
DV PDQ\
\DV
\
DV
PL
P OOLR
RQSHRS
RS
RSOH P
RS
DVPDQ\DVPLOOLRQSHRSOH PHGLDLQGRQHVLLDFR
VLD
F P RNW
VLDFRPRNW
$Q ,QGRQHVLDQ (FRQRPLVW )DLVD
)DLVDO %DVUL LQGLFDWH
GL
WHG
WH
G LLQ
QQ KLV
LV VSHHF
LV
HFK
HFK
K ³,QGR
GR
RQHVLD (FRQRPLF
GLFDWHG
LQ
KLV
VSHHFK
³,QGRQHVLDQ
' YHOR
'H
RSPHQ
QW
W 5
RDG
GPDDS
'HYHORSPHQW
5RDGPDS
´
WKDW WKH
tor iiss projected
d to bbecome
eco the drivtourism sect
sector
ing force of the economy in the co
coming period
RI DQGWKDWWKHVHFWRUZLOOEHDEOH
WR FRQWULEXWH DERXW SHUFHQW WR SHUFHQW
63
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
RI WKH *URVV
V 'RPHVWLF *URZWK *'3 LQ WKH
WKH
FRPLQJ \HDU
KWWS QDVLRQDONRPSDVFRP
HDU KWWS QDVLRQDONRPSD
SDVVFFRP
SD
DFFHHVV
VVHGRQ2FWRUHDG DFFHVVHGRQ2FWR
EHU
ign
ig
n to
ttourists
urists visiting InIn
nThe number of foreig
foreign
GRQHVLDKDVLQFUHDVHGSHULRGLFDOO\7KLVLVGXHWR
QFUHDVHGSH
SHHUL
U RGLFDDOO\7KLVLVGXHWR
R
WKHZHDOWKDQGQDWXUDOEHDXW\KLVWRULFDOKHULWDJH
QGQDWXUDOO EHD
H XW
XW\
\ KLVWRUULFDOKHHULWDJH
DQGWKHGLYHUVLW\RI,QGRQHVLD¶VFXOWXUH7KHVHDUH
VLW\RI,QG
QGRQ
QG
R HVLD¶VFXOWXUH
UH7KH
KHHVHDUH
considered as important eelements
supporting
lements in suppor
orti
or
ting
ti
ng tthe
h
he
FRXQWU\¶VWRXULVP,QDGGLWLRQ,QGRQHVLDLVNQRZQ
ULVP,Q
,,Q
Q DGG
GGLWLRQ,QGRQHVLD
G
LVNQRZ
ZQ
as the largest archip
archipelagic
country
world
pelagic cou
untry in
n the w
orld tthat
or
orld
hat
has the fourth
longest
coastline
world
h long
gest coastli
ine in tthe
hee worl
w
wo
orl
rld with
rld
DSSUR[LPDWHO\LVODQGV
\
LVODQGV
:LWK LWV JH
JHRJUDSKLFDO
,QGRQHVLD
HRJUDSKLFDO OD\RXW ,Q
,QGR
,Q
GRQHVLD
GR
located below
w the eq
eq
equator
has rresulted
esullted
lted for havLQJWURSLFDODQGZHWFOLPDWHWKURXJKRXWWKH\HDU
DQGZHW FOLPDWHWKUR
RXJKRX
XWWKH\HDU
0RUHRYHULWVSRVLWLRQZKLFKPHGLDWHVWKHFRQWLVSRVLWLRQ ZKLFKPHG
GLDWWHVWKHFRQWLnents of Asia and Austra
Australia
Indian
Ocean
ali
l a and the Indi
dian O
dian
cean
DQG3DFL¿F,QGRQHVLDKDVDYHU\VWUDWHJLFORFD,QGRQHVLDKDV DYHU\VWUDDWHJLFOORFDWLRQ KWWS ZZZZLVDWDONFRPDFFHVVHGRQ2FZZZZLVDWDONFRP
PDFFHVV
VHG RQ2FWREHU
In addition
dition to natural conditions that
tha
hatt supsuupSRUW WKH SRWHQWLDO
HQWLDO RI WRXULVP LQ ,QGRQHVLD WKH
WKH
government also issued laws and regulations that
VXSSRUW LWV FLWL]HQV
LWL]HQV IRU KDYLQJ DQG H[SHULHQFLQJ
WRXULVPDFWLYLWLHV$FFRUGLQJWRWKHFRXQWU\¶VODZ
LWLHVV$FFFR
F UGLQJWR
RWKHHFRXQW
QWU\¶V ODZ
QW
'HVV\.DQLD
7
7UDYH
UD
DYH
Y O LQ \RXU RZQ FRXQWU\ ZH ZLOO GH¿QLWHO\
7UDYHO
bea
eaut
uty that is no less more
uty
mor interesting
obtain beauty
ab
broad.
ro
ro
n
than places abroad.
Help this nation
by not
sprees buying international
sp
having spending sprees
no
ot buying the
th beauty of
products, including not
other nations"
)URPYDULRXVVHOHFWLR
LR
RQVIR
)URPYDULRXVVHOHFWLRQVIRUWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQVLQ,QGRQHVLD(DVW1XVVD7H
QDWLRQVLQ,QGRQHVLD(DVW1XVD7HQJJDUDLVFRQside
si
dere
de
r d as a very popular tourist
tourrist ddestination and
sidered
ZHOOOORYHGIRUHLJQGHVWLQDWLRQ$
$OWK
ZHOOORYHGIRUHLJQGHVWLQDWLRQ$OWKRXJKWKHSURYincee of East Nusa Tenggara is oone
ne of the poorest
ince
DWXUD VFHQHU\ DQG
SURYLQFHV LQ ,QGRQHVLD LWV QD
QDWXUDO
enc
diversity for tourist attractions encompasses
it as
DQDPD]LQJWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQ$
$VLO
DQDPD]LQJWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQ$VLOOXVWUDWHGLQWKH
IROORZLQJTXRWH KWWS ZZZWRXULVPQWWFRP DFIROORZLQJTXRWH KWWS ZZZ
ZWR
Z
W XULV
FHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
FHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
mo
onies like th
“…traditional ceremo
ceremonies
the Pasola of
6XPEDWKHZKLS
S ¿J
S
¿ KWLQJRI)ORUHV
6XPEDWKHZKLS¿JKWLQJRI)ORUHVDQGWKHZDU
abu
b . See the prehisto
dances of Sa
Sabu.
prehistoric Dragons
Kom
mod
odo, the three colored cr
of Komodo,
crater lakes of
Kelli Mutu in Flores; dive in the wor
Ke
Keli
world renowned
diving destinations of Alor and K
Komodo; surf
the waves of Rote and Sumba…”
)URP
P DOOO WRXULVWG
GHVW LQD
)URPDOOWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQVORFDWHG
LQ )
ORUUHV WKH XQL
Q TXHQ
QH VV RI
LQ
)ORUHV
XQLTXHQHVV
RI WKH .RPRGR
ravell and spend
d you
ur spa
are titime
ime
“Freedom to tr
travel
your
spare
sap
art o
ights.”
travelling is
part
off human ri
rights.”
8QG
GDQJJ .HSDULZLVDWDDQ
.HSDULLZLVDDWDDQQ 88
88
8QGDQJ8QGDQJ
12
W IU
IURP
RP
R
P LWV QDWXU
XUUD
X
UDO DQG
QG
G
:LWK VXSSRUW
VXSSRUW
IURP
QDWXUDO
DQG
auty and the government in prophysical beauty
LVP
PLQ,Q
, GRRQH
QHVL
V DWKHHQH[
H[WVW
H[
VWDJ
VW
DJHLVV
DJ
PRWLQJWRXULVPLQ,QGRQHVLDWKHQH[WVWDJHLV
Q R
RI
I WRX
RXULLVP
P GHV
VWLQDDWL
W RQ
R V :
KHQ
Q
Q
WKH VHOHFWLRQ
RI
WRXULVP
GHVWLQDWLRQV
:KHQ
LVP GH
GGHVWLQDWLRQV
VWWLQDWWLRQV RQH PL
LJK
KW
W
LW FRPHV WR WRXUL
WRXULVP
PLJKW
oossin
ing be
bbetween
tw
ween
n go
oing ab
abro
road or
ro
consider choosing
going
abroad
KH FR
FFRXQWU\
XQ
X
QQWWU\ 8QI
Q RUUWX
W QDWHO\
\ PD
DQ\
H[SORULQJ WKH
8QIRUWXQDWHO\
PDQ\
oplle ar
aaree mo
m
ore
r int
n erresteed in ggont
oIndonesian peo
people
more
interested
IRUWUDYHO$VXUJHGE\WKH&KDLULQJDEURDGIRUWUDYHO$VXUJHGE\WKH&KDLUDWLR
DW
LRQ
LR
RQDO 0D
DQGDW
DWHH 3DUW
DW
W\
\ 6RH
HPDQ RI WKH 1
1DWLRQDO
0DQGDWH
3DUW\
6RHLU DDGDSWHG
GDDSW
S HG
G EE\
\ ,P
\
PDP
P 3UL
LKD
K QG
QG R
QGRNR
WULVQR %DFKLU
,PDP
3ULKDQGRNR
DV KWWS QDVLRQDONRPSDVFRP
LQ .RPSDV
E
L
O K
UHDG EHUZLVDWDODK
GLGDODPQHJHULDFFHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
64
Picture
Pi
t
1
1: East
E t Nusa
N
Tenggara
T
Tourism Map
Source: www.indonesia-tourism.com
-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
'HVV\.DQLD
1DWLRQDO3DUN ZLWKDUHDRINPð LV
N ZLWKDUHDRINPð LV
one of the sought
which
ought after destinations w
h ich
hi
h
lead to become
me as one of the fi
ffinalists
nalists in
7KH1HZ6HYHQ:RQGHUVRI1DWXUH7KLV
YHQ:RQGHUV RI 1D WXUH7KLV
LVGXHWRWKHH[LVWHQFHRIWKH.RPRGR'UDJH[LVWHQFHRIWKH
KH .RPRGR'UDJRQ¶VKDELWDW 9DUDGXVNRPRGRHQVLV ZKLFK
9DUDGXVNR
NRPRGR
NR
R
RHQVLV
V ZKLFK
is one of endangered
angeredd species
spe
p ci
pe
cies
ess thatt occupies
occup
p ies
WKHLVODQG RI.RPRGR
*LOL 0R.RPRGR
G R 5LQFD DQG
GR
DQG*LOL
0 RWDQJ ,Q
WKH QXPEHU
QXP
PEHU RI IRUHLJQ
IRUHLJQ
Q WWRXUR X URXU
ists who visited
Island amounted thee Komodo
Kom
omodo
m
am
m ount-HG WR SHRS
SHRSOH
QXPEHU
SOH ,Q
WWKH
KH QX
X PE
PEHU
H U
HU
RI WRXULVWV LQFUHDVHG
SHRSOH
QFUHDVVHG WR
SH
HRSOH
R S OH
RS
O H ,Q
OH
LWLQFUHDVHGWRSHRSOH0RVWRI
DVHG W RSHRSOH0RVWW RI
the visitors are
re “foreign
“fooreign tourists who
w ho
ho come
come
PDLQO\IURP$XVWUDOLD6RXWKHDVW$VLDDQG
$XVWUDD OLD6RXWKHH DVWW $ VL
V DDQG
WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV KWWS ZZZLQGRQHVLD
WWS ZZ
K
ZZLQG
GRQHVLD
WUDYHOLGQHZVGHWDLOSURPRVLPDQGLUL
VGHWDLO
SURPRVLL PDQGLUL
indonesia-untuk-taman-nasional-komodotuk-tamann-- nasional-k
k omod
o m od
om
d othe-real-wonder-of-the-world
accessed
der-of-the-wo
orld
r
acces
ssed oon
n
2FWREHU
In facilitating
ilitating to promote
t e the Kote
PRGR 1DWLRQDO
QDO 3DUN WKH ,QGRQHVLD JRYJRY
JR
Yernment through
ugh Ministry of Culture and
Tourism is also assisted by a non-profit
RUJDQL]DWLRQ QDPHG 6ZLVVFRQWDFW 7KH RUganization developed
program
known
evellopee d a prog
gr am
m kno
own aass
WKH5HJLRQDO7RXULVP'HYHORSPHQW3URMHFW
7RX
XULVP
P'HYHOR
RSP
P HQW3UR
R MH
M FWW
:,6$7$ ZKLFK
EHJDQ
KLFF K EH
H JDQ LQ
DDQG
QG
LQFOXGHVWKHLVODQGRI)ORUHVLQSURYLQFHRI
LVODD QGR
RI)ORUHVVLQ SURYY LQFHRI
(DVW 1XVD 7HQJJDUD
177 7K
7KH
PDLQ
DFHQJJ
JDUDD 177
KH P
DLQ DF
Ftivities will focu
focus
developing
local
us on
n devel
l o pin
n g loc
c al ddesesstination management
organizations
with
nagem
men
e t organi
nii z ation
n
ns w
i th
h
WZRHQWU\SRLQWVWR)ORUHV /DEXDQ%DMRDQG
QWVWR)ORUHV /DEXDQ%DMRDQG
0DXPHUH KWWS ZZZVZLVVFRQWDFWRULG
KWWS ZZZVZLVVFRQWDFWRULG
SURMHFWVHDVWHUQLQGRQHVLDZLVDWD±UHJLRQHUQL
LQGG R QHV
L
HVLD
HV
LLDD Z LV
L DWW D ±UHJL
± JL
±
J RQDOWRXULVPGHYHORSPHQWRQIORUHVLVODQG
HYHO
HORS
HO
RSP
RS
P H QWW R
RQ I ORUU HV
H LVOO DQ
Q G
G
DFFHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
2FWREHU
6LQFH
0LQLVWU\
&XOWXUH
WK
WWKH
H 0L
0
Q VWU\
QL
U\ RI &
U\
U\
&X
XOW
O XUUH
and Tourism hass set
program
Inseet a ne
nnew
w pr
ro
og
gram iin
n In
ndonesia in order
rder to increase tourist visits:
'HVWLQDWLRQ 0DQ
0DQDJHPHQW
'02
DQ JHPHQ
DQDJ
H W '0
'02
2 7K
7KHUH
DUH WRXULVP
ZKLFK
ZLOO
EH
P GGHVWLQDWLRQV
HVWWLQDWL
HV
WL QV ZK
WLRQ
KLLFFK
K ZL
LOO
OO EH
GHYHORSHGE\DSSO\LQJWKHFRQFHSWRI'02
DSSSO\LLQJWK
Q WK
KHFRQFFHS
HSWW RII'02
0
LQ WKH SHULRG RI WR 7RXULVW GHVWLQDWLRQV LQFOXGH .RWD 7XD -DNDUWD 3DQJDQGDUDQ :HVW -DYD %RUREXGXU -DYD
-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
%URPR7HQJJHU6HPHUX (DVW -DYD
7RED
1RUWK
$FHK /DNH %D 1RUWK
WK
K 6XPDWUD
6XP
XPDWUD 6DEDQJ $FHK
WXU %DOL 5LQMDQL 17% .RPRGR)ORUHV
WXU %DOL 5LQM
QMDQ
QM
DQL 17% .RPR
DQ
)ORUHV 177 7DQMXQJ
3XWWLQJ %RUQHR
7DDQM
QM
QMXQJ
3XWWLQJ
'HUDZDQ
6RXWK
'HUDDZDQ (DVW .DOLPDQWDQ
.DOLPD
PDDQWDQ 7RUDMD
7R
6XODZHVL
6XODDZHVL %XQDNHQ
%XQDNHQ 1RUWK
1RUWK 6XODZHVL
:DNDWREL 1RUWK6XODZHVL DQG5DMD$PSDW
:DNDWREL 1RUWK6XODZHVLL
DQG
3DSXD KWWS QWWRQOLQHQHZVFRPQWWLQGH[
3DSXD KWWS QWWRQOLQHQHZ
ZVFRP
SKS"RSWLRQ FRPBFRQWHQW YLHZ
FRPBFRQWHQW Y
YLHZ DUWLFOH LG
SDNDUSDULZLVDWDGXQLDDNDQEDKDV
SDNDUSDULZLVDWDGXQ
QLDD
ZLVDWDUL FDWLG
SDULZLVDWD ,WHPLG
ZLVDWW DUL FDWLG SDULZLVD
D W D
DFFHVVHGRQ2FWREHU
DFFH
DF
FHVVVHGRQ2FWREHU
'XHWRLWVYHU\IDUZKHUHDERXWVPDQ\
'XH WRLWVYHU\IDUZKHUUHDE
tourists seek information regarding
accomreg
gard
PRGDWLRQV DWWUDFWLRQV VHUYLFHV
VHUYLLFHV RI WRXU RSHUDWRUV DV ZHOO DV WKH UHVWD
UHVWDXUDQWV
DXUDQW VXUURXQGing The Komodo Nationa
National
al Park that can be
DFFHVVHGWKURXJKWKHLQWHUQHW)DUHVIRU$YLDFFHVVHGWKURXJKWKHLQWWHUQHW)D
ation and maritime transport
contransport services
se
QHFWLQJ IURP WKH
%DMR
WKH PDLQ
PDLQ SRUW RI /DEXDQ
/
to Komodo National
Nati
Na
ati
t onal Park are all available in
WKH
IRU REWK
WKH
KH ,QWHUQHW7KH
,Q
,QWH
QWH
WHUUQHW7KH XVH RI WKH ,QWHUQHW
,QWH
taining information is on high ddemand and
can be illustrated from the pictur
picture below:
Pictture 2:: Visitor’s
Visito
to
or’
r s Flag
Fllag Counter
Cou
Picture
SURP
So
uPce:
ur
w
w To
oDurismN
NXTT
TQGc GHVFULEHG
Source:
www.TourismNTT.com
)URP
EDFNJURXQG
)U
)
WWK
WKH
KHww
ED
EDFN
FNNJ
FN
JmN
JU
URX
RXQG
DERYHWKHUHLVDQHHGIRUIXUWKHUUHVHDUFKLQ
DERYHWKHUHLVDQHHGIRUIXUWKHU
RUGHU
WR
KRZ
WKH
RUGH
GHU
H WR
R HH[DPLQH
[DPLQH
PLQH
PL
QH
H KRZ
Z WKH
H UROH RI QHZ PHGLDJRYHUQPHQWDQGRWKHUDJHQFLHVIDFLOLWDWH
GLD
GL
D JRYYHUQPHQ
QWDQ
DDQ
QGRW
R KHHUUDJ
DJ
DJHQFL
tourism and entrepreneurship in Komodo
,VODQG
1XVD
7HQJJDUD
DGGLWLRQ WKLV
,VVODQG
QG LLQ
Q 1X
Q
XVD
V 7HQ
HQJJDUD
JJ
J
,Q DG
research
will
research
re
c wil
illl aalso
lso sstudy
tu
udy eefforts
ffo
ff
orts ffrom the Indonesian
other
d nesiian governmentt and
do
d ot
ther agencies in
SURPRWLQJ.RPRGR,VODQG
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
II.1. New Media and Entrepreneurship
65
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
The way we communicate and proFWVDQGRUVHUYLFHVLVKLJ
JKO
KO\LQ
KO\
L ÀXLQ
PRWHSURGXFWVDQGRUVHUYLFHVLVKLJKO\LQÀXHPHGLXPZHXVH0D
0 Q\HQWUHSUH0D
HQFHGE\WKHPHGLXPZHXVH0DQ\HQWUHSUHULRXVPHGLXPVVX
V FKDVWHOHYLVLRQ
VX
QHXUVXVHYDULRXVPHGLXPVVXFKDVWHOHYLVLRQ
UDGLR DQG QHZVSDSHUV WR
WR
SURGR SSURPRWH
URPRWH LWV SURG
GXFWV (TXDOO\
LPSRUWDQW
FXUUHQW
PHGLXP
\ LPSRUWDQ
QW WKH FXUUH
HQW P
H LXP
HG
P
RI FKRLFH LV 1HZ 0H
0HGLD
1HZ
0
HGL
GLD
D 1
D
HZ PHGLD LV D
form of interactive
communication
eractive communicatio
co
o
on thatt uses
WKH ,QWHUQHW
LQFOXGLQJ
566
LQFOXGLQJ
J SRGFDVWV 566
6 IHHG
IIHHGV
HHG
HGV
VRFLDOQHWZRUNLQJWH[WPHVVDJLQJEORJVZLRUNLQJ
J WH[
J
H[WPHVVDJ
[
JLQJEOR
RJVZ
ZLNLVDQGRWKHUYLUWXDOZRUOGV
HUYLUWWXDOZRUOG
GV
Theree aree many uuses
New
ses ooff N
ew
w MeGLD 1HZ PHGLD DOORZV IRU DQ\RQH
DQ\RRQH WR FUHDWH PRGLI\
DQG
DQG VKDUH FRQWHQW DQG
Q VVKDUH
QG
KDUH LW
KD
ZLWK RWKHUV
XVLQJ
UHODWLYHO\
VLPSOH
XVLQJ
J D UHODWLYHO
HOO\ VLP
LPSOH WRRO
WKDWLVRIWHQIUHHRULQH[SHQVLYH1HZPHGLD
IUHHRU
U LQH[SHQVLLYH 1HZPHGLD
requires a computerr or mobil
mobile
i e ddevice
il
evice with
LQWHUQHW DFFHVV
KWWS DLGVJRYXVLQJQHZ
FHVV KWWS
DLGVJRYXVL
VLQJ
VLQJ
QJQ
Q
QHZ
PHGLDEDVLFVZKDWLVQHZPHGLD
DFFHVVHG
VZKDWLVQHZ
ZPHGLD DFFHV
VVHG
RQ2FWREHU
The role of new media in
i ffacilitating
acilitating
entrepreneurship
the
artirship can be seen from th
he ar
rtiicles Jaya Akunuri
kunuri adapted by Nwankwo and
Gbadamosi in his book "Entrepreneurship
Marketing: Principles and Practice of SME
0DUNHWLQJ
“It has been
een well documented
documentted in
n academic
aca
adem
mic
literature thatt entrepreneurs
enttrepreneurrs relyy hugely
hug
gely on
both personal
sona
al and
an
nd social networking
netwo
orkin
ng conco
on-tact. Online
media
line med
dia furtherr enables
ena
ables entreenttre-preneurs to do
o what
wha
at they
t eyy are
th
are best
be
est at – interintterr
act with people,
e build
build relationship
relatio
io
onship and
an
nd talk
talk
with their customers.””
The usee off tthe
hee IInternet
ntterne
n t fo
ne
fforr sm
ssmall
a ll and
all
al
d
medium entrepreneurs
increase
along
trepr
p en
neuurs
rs hhas
as inc
c rree asee alon
al
lo g
with the uprising
prisii ng of bbusiness
usii ness and
d marSPHQ
HQW $
HQ
V VD
VVDLG
LG
G E\
\ .XUD
UDD WN
W R DQ
DDQG
G
NHW GHYHORSPHQW
$V
.XUDWNR
VVPDOO
PDDOO EEXVLQHVVHV
XVLQHVVVHV XV
XXVH
H
+RGJHWWV
U YYDULRXV
DUU V RRSHUDWLRQV
DULRXV
SHUD
UDDWL
WLR
RQV LQFOX
X GWKH ,QWHUQHW IRU
IRU
LQFOXGLQJFXVWRPHUEDVHGLGHQWLILFDWLRQDGYHUWLVHUEDVHGLGHQWLILFDWLRQDGYHUWLVLQJ FRQVXPHU
EXVLQHVV
PHUU VD
VVDOHV
VDO
D O H V EXV
V LQHV
HVVV WR
W R EXVLQHVV
E XV
X LQ
L HVVV
WUDQVDFWLRQVHPDLODQGSULYDWHLQWHUQDOQHWVHP
PDL
DLOO DQG
G SU
S LYDW
DWW H LQ
DWH
L Q UUQ
LQWHUQ
QDOOQHWWZRUNIRUHPSOR\HHV
PSOR\HHV
II.3. Tourism and Destination Management
There are several approaches to de66
'HVV\.DQLD
ERRN 7RXULVP
¿QLQJ WRXULVP 5HLG LQ KLV ER
*OREDOL]DWLRQ
'HYHORSPHQW 5HVSRQVLEOH
*
*O
OREDO
RE
EDO
DOL]
OL]
L DDWWLRQ
W
DQG 'HYHORSPHQW
7RXULVP3ODQQLQJ VWDWHV
7RXULVP3ODQ
QQLLQJ
Q
³7RXULVP LV DOVR
DOVR
R GH¿QHG HFRQRPLFDOO\
H
among entrepreneur
rs,
s according
accordi
entrepreneurs,
to conVXPSWLRQ SDWWHUQV DQG
DQG
G E\ SUR¿W
SUR DQG ORVV
In many developing countries,
cou
untries, the prices
charged for many exhibits
exhibititits maintained
ma
by
government agencies changes
cha
anges based on
w
wh
ether the visitor is a non-national
no
on-na
whether
touris
st or a citizen of the count
try. In a sense,
ist
country.
tthen,
hen, there are two distinct ttypes
ype of visitors
to such exhibits, even thoug
gh the
th attraction
though
may be the same. For these
e pu
purposes, domestic tourism is seen as much
much as a recreation as it is a form of touris
sm.”
tourism.”
2QH
RXULVP WKDW HPSKD
2QH GH¿QLWLRQ RI
RI WWRXULVP
VL]HVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIH[
HH[
[SHULHQF
VL]HVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIH[SHULHQFHJDLQHGIURP
WRXULVWV SURSRVHG E\
E\
\ 8UU\
8UU\
DGDSWHG E\
/RER LQ KLV DUWLFOH
H&XOWXUDO7RXULVP
&XOWXUDO7R
DUWLFOH
DQG WKH
/HLVXUH3DUDGL
GLJP
GL
JP 7KH$XVWUDOLD
/HLVXUH3DUDGLJP 7KH$XVWUDOLDQ([SHULHQFH
LQWKH
ERR
R N 7KH7RXULVPDQG/
LQWKHERRN7KH7RXULVPDQG/HLVXUH,QGXVWU\ 6KDSLQJWKH)XWXUH
WU\ 6KDSLQJWKH)XWXUH
³7RXULVPLVDGHSDUWXUHIURPHYH
³7RXULVPLVDGHSDUWXUHIURPHYHU\GD\H[SHULHQ
HQFH
QFH +HGHHVFUL
ULEHVWRXULVVP DVH
UL
HQFH+HGHVFULEHVWRXULVPDVH[SHULHQFHDQG
aass a free-time
freee-tim
me act
cttivity th
hat ccontracts
ont
activity
that
with the
GDLO\URXWLQHDQGZKLFKFDQFKLHÀ\EHLGHQWLGDLO
LO\UR
RXWLQ
QHDQ
QGZK
ZKLFKFDQFKL
ZK
¿HGE\PHDQVRI³VLJQV´EULQJLQJVLJQL¿FDQFH
¿H
HGE\PHDDQV RI
I ³VLJ
JQV´ EULQ
QJLQ
WR
DWWHQWLRQ
RI
WR
R WWKH
KH DWWHQ
QWLRQ
Q RI
I WKH
H WWRXULVW
RXUULVW IRU H[DPSOH
EEHDXW\URPDQFHQDWXUH ´
HDX
XW\URP
PDQFHHQDWWXUH ´
0DFOHRG
&DUULHU
0DFOOHR
HRG
G DQG &DUU
UUULHU LLQ WKHLU ERRN
7RXULVP3RZHUDQG&XOWXUH $QWKURSRORJLFDO
7RXULVP3RZHUDQG&XOWXUH $Q
,QVLJKWV VD\VWKDW
, VLLJK
,Q
JKWV
W
VDD\V
\ WKDDW
W
“To
“T
ourism
sm as a
ne
xperriencce and an
a industry is
“Tourism
an
experience
infused by culture in its various dimensions,
G LQÀXHQFHG
G
LQÀ
ÀXHQ
QFH
HG
G WKURXJKRXW
WKUR
UR KRX
URXJKR
KR
RXW E\ UHODWLRQVKLSV
U
DQG
power; th
tthis
his is
is particularly
pa
articul
ullar
u
arly
arly
l apparent
app
of power;
at the
desttination site
it .”
destination
site.”
2QQHHRIWKHH FRQ
RQFHSW
SWWVWK
W DW
2QHRIWKHFRQFHSWVWKDWQHHGWREHH[amin
ned in
n conn
n ecction
n wit
ith
it
th th
he co
amined
connection
with
the
concept of tourism that has been described abo
above is the conFHSWRIGHVWLQDWLRQ$FFRUGLQJWR6WHYHQ3LNH
LQ KLV ERRN 'HVWLQDWLRQ 0DUNHWLQJ $Q ,QWH-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
'HVV\.DQLD
ting Communication Approach
grated Marketing
ion is a geographical
geograph
ph
hic
ical space in
“A destination
ster of tourism
m resources
resources
es
es
which a cluster
exist,
boundary
y.“
rather than a political boundary.“
URP UXELHV
3LNH DGDSWHG IIURP
Clusteer as:
also describes the Cluster
mulation
n of tourist
st resources
res
esou
ources
ou
u
and
“an accumulation
and
attractions, infrastructures,
infrasttructures, equipments,
equipm
ments, service providers,
ers, other
other support
supp
port sectors
secctor
o s and
or
and
an
administrative
ve organisms
org
ganisms whose integrated
inte
egrated
d
and coordinated
ated activities
activities provide customers
cusstomerss
with the experiences
periencces they expected
expect
cted
ed from
fro
rom the
cho
ose to visit”
destination they chose
us categories of tourThere are variou
various
LVP DFWLYLWLHV +HUH DUH
DUH WWKH
FDWHJRULHV
K FDWHJRULH
KH
HV EDVHG
RQ5HLG)XOOHU+D\ZRRGDQG%U\GHQ
U+D\ZRRGDQG
QG%U\GHQQ
QG
LG
DGDSWHGE\5HLG
urissm iss one
urism
ooff thee ca
cate
catego
at goorie
riies
e ooff
Eco-tourism
categories
Picture
3: Categories
ofeTourism
Activities
tourism
i that
h, Haywood
are
f , 1993
d by
y currently
yfavored
Source: activities
Reid, ties
Fuller,
and lBryden,
PDQ\ORFDODQGIRUHLJQWRXULVWV$FFRUGLQJWR
QG IRUHL
HLJ
HL
JQ WRXXUL
U VWV $FF
FFRUUGL
G QJJWR
+DPPLWWDQG6\PPRQGVLQKLVDUWLFOH:LOGHU6\PPRQGVLQKLVDUWLFOH:LOGHUQHVV:HDYHU LQ KLV ERRN 7KH (QF\FORSHGLD
RI(FRWRXULVP
-XQL9ROXPH,91RPRU
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
“E
Eco
coto
to
tour
ou ism is travel to fragile, pri
“Ecotourism
pristine, and
prot
pr
o ected areas that strive
st
unusually protected
to be
d (usually)
(us
u ually) small scale.
sca It helps
low impact and
e ucate the travel
ed
eler
el
e ; provides funds for
educate
traveler;
FRQVHUYDWLRQ GLUHFWO\ EHQH¿WVWKH
FRQVHUYDWLRQ GLUHFWO\EHQH¿WVWKHHFRQRPic development and pol
lititic
i al empowerment
emp
ic
political
of local communities; and
d fo
ffoster
ster rrespect for
n rights
different cultures for human
rights”.
IIII. METHODS
II
METHODS
III.
,Q WKLV UHVHDUFK D TXDOL
LWDWL DSSURDFK
TXDOLWDWLYH
LV DSS
SOLHG7KHUHVHDUFKSHULRGWWRR
LVDSSOLHG7KHUHVHDUFKSHULRGWRRNSODFHIURP
$XJXVWXQWLO2FWREHU7KHPHWKRGV
$XJXVWXQWLO2FWREHU
7
used in collecting data for this stu
study consisted
RI VHPLVWUXFWXUHG SHUVRQDO LQ
LQWHUYLHZV
H[DPLQWHUYL
QDWLRQRIGRFXPHQWVDQGSHUVRQDOREVHUYDWLRQV
QDWLRQRIGRFXPHQWVDQGSHUVVRQDOR
Application of multiple meth
methods
hods or triangulation
in social research has bee
been
supported by many
en suppor
researchers because they
ey help to oovercome the
VKRUWFRPLQJVLQKHUHQWLQWKHXVHRIRQHPHWKRG
VKRUWFRPLQJVLQKHUUHQ
HQWLQWKHXVHRI
Case studies aare
ree uused
sed as a research strategy becausee the
th
he fo
ffocus
ocus of this study is the iisland of KoPRGRDVDWRXULVWGHVWLQDWLRQ
5HWULHYDORIGDWDXVLQJWHFKQLTXHVVXFK
5HWULHYDO
RIGDWDXVLQJWHFK
as in-depth interviews to a key informant
and
in
DOVRLQIRUPDQWVIRUWKLVVWXG\ZDVQHHGHG7KH
DOVR
VR LQIIRU
RUPDQW
QWVIR
QW
IRRU
U WKLVVWXG
G\ ZDV
NH\LQIRUPDQWLQWKLVVWXG\ZDV,U)LUPDQV\DK
NHH\LQ
QIRUUPDQ
QWLQWKL
KLLV
V VWXG\
\ZDDV,U
5DKLP
00
'LUHFWRU
*HQHUDO
5DKLLP
P 0
0 DV WK
WWKH
KH '
LUHFWWRU *
HQH RI7RXULVP
'HVWLQDWLRQ
'HYHORSPHQW
3'3 0LQLVWU\
LVP '
HVWWLQDWLLRQ 'H
HYH
Y OR
RSP
S HQW 3'
RI&XOWXUHDQG7RXULVP,QIRUPDQWVIURP6ZLVVRI &XOWXUHHDQG
G7RX
XULVP
P,Q
QIR
I UPDDQWV
FRQWDFWZHUH0U&KULVWLDQ0DUDPLVDVD)LHOG
FR
RQWDFWZ
ZHUH 0U&KULVWL
WL
WLDQ0D
DUDP
2I¿FH0DQDJHURI(DVWHUQ)ORUHV6ZLVVFRQWDFW
2I¿FHH0
0DQDJ
JHUR
RI(DVWHUQ
UQ)OR
UQ
Q RUHV6
,QGRQHVLDQ
6ZLVV
&RRSHUDWLRQ
,QGRQHVLDQ 6ZL
LVV 'HYHORSPHQW &
IRUWKHSURJUDP7285,607RXULVP'HVWLQDIRUWKHSURJUDP7285,607RXU
WLRQ'HYHORSPHQW)ORUHVORFDWHGLQ0DXPHUH
WLR
WL
RQ 'HY
YHORS
RSPH
PHQW
PH
QW )OR
QW
RUHHVOR
RFD
FDWH
WHGLQ
WH
2WKHU
2
WKH
KHU LQIRUPDQWV
LQ
QIRUP
PDQ
QWV
W LLQFOXGHG
QFOX
XGH 0U )UDQV
7HJXK0$DVWKH+HDGRI3ODQQLQJDQG/H7HJXK0$DVWKH+HDGRI3ODQQ
JDO
'LUHFWRUDWH
*HQHUDO
RI
7RXULVP
'HVWLQDJ O 'L
JD
'
UHHFW
FWRU
R DWHH *H
*
QHUD
U O RI
I7
RXUL
WLRQ'HYHORSPHQW '*3'3 ZKRZDVDQLPWLRQ
WL
RQ
R
Q 'HY
YHO
HOR
ORSPH
PHQWW '*
*3'3
'3
3
ZKR
SRUWDQWLQIRUPDQWHVSHFLDOO\IRUGHWDLOHGGDWD
SRUWWDQWLQ
L IR
I UPDQW
W HVSHFLDOO\IRUG
ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHSURJUDP'HVWLQDWLRQ0DQZ WK UHV
ZL
H SH
S FW WR
R WKHSU
SURJ
RJUDP
P'H
' VWL
DJHPHQWLQ)ORUHV5HVHDUFKHUVDOVRLQFOXGHG
DJHPHQ
DJ
HQ
QWLQ )OR
RUHV 5HHVHDUUFK
FKHU
H VD
0U$QDQJ
6XELDQWRUR
WKH
¿UVW HQWUHSUH0 $QQDQJ 6X
0U
XELDQ
QWRUR
R DV
DDV
VV WKH
KH ¿U
KH
QHXURIDQLQWHUQHWFDIpDYDLODEOHIRUWRXULVWV
QHXURIDQLQWHUQHWFDIpDYDLODEOH
ZDVFKRVHQIRUWKLVUHVHDUFK,QWHUQHW$SLN
RZQHG E\ 0U$QDQJ LV DQ LQWHUQHW FDIp OR67
7KH5ROHRI1HZ0HGLDLQ)DFLOLWDWLQJ
Entrepreneurship in Tourism - Case Study:
Promoting Komodo Island in East Nusa Tenggara
XDQ%DMR
FDWHGLQ/DEXDQ%DMR
GS AND DISCUSSION
DISCUSS
SS
SIO
I N
IV. FINDINGS
ole of New Media
Med
ed
dia (Internet) in
IV.1.The Role
o o Island
promoting Flores and Komod
Komodo
Q UHVHDUFK
KHU
H V H[D
DPLQ
QHG
HG WWKH
KHH UROH
H
:KHQ
UHVHDUFKHUV
H[DPLQHG
UROH
LDHVSHFL
FLLDOO\
O WKH ,QWHUQ
QHWWK
KH¿UVW
RIQHZPHGLDHVSHFLDOO\WKH,QWHUQHWWKH¿UVW
nspect and
and search the Internet
an
Int
nter
erne
neet netstep was to inspect
ies that ar
re available in th
he area
e ;
work facilities
are
the
area;
\WKHWD
WWDDUJ
UJHHWDUHDZDV/DEXDDQ%DMR
IRUWKLVVWXG\WKHWDUJHWDUHDZDV/DEXDQ%DMR
)ORUHV,QWHUHVWLQJO\WKHUHDUHRQO\WZR,QWHUHVWLQJ
JO\WKHUHDUHRQ
QO\WZ
ZR,,QW
,QWHUH
QHW SURYLGHUV
LQ /
/DEXDQ
%DMR
ZKLFK
V LQ
DEXDQ %
DMR
M Z
KLF
L K DUH
LF
DDUH7HODU
UH 7HONRPVHODQG,QGRVDW$FFRUGLQJWR0U$QDQJ
,QGRVVDW$FFRUGLQJWR 0U$Q
QDQJ
DQ LQWHUQHW FDIp
FDIp HHQWUHSUHQHXU
,QWHUQHW
$SLN
QWUHSUHQHXU ,QWHU
H QH
HU
QHWW $
SLN
said that internet
connection
was
established
ernet co
on
onnection
on
wa
as esta
abl
b ished in
E\7HONRPQHWXVLQJDORQJGLVWDQFHUDWH
NRPQHWXV
X LQJDORQ
QJGLVWWDQFHUDWH
He stated that:
at:
“In 2004 Telkomnet instant
insta
tant with local
ta
lo
ocal rate
ratte
was installed.
lled. However, itit only
o ly existed
on
exiist
s ed for
fo
or
three years.
During that period,
rs.
per
erio
er
i d, I used
io
GPRS system
stem from Indosat IM3 which
whi
hich
c is
better than
n Telkomsel Flash. After that, mostt
internet café
afé owner uses IM2 Satellite. For
the past two
wo years, we have faster Internet
access from
om Telkom Speedy.”
7R DFFHVV
,QWHUQHW
PRVW
WRXULVWV
FFHHVV WWKH
KH ,QWHUQ
QHW PRV
VW WR
RXULVVWV
come to Internet
erneet cafes
caafes alongg thee main
maiin road
rooad
a in
in
/DEXDQ%DMR7KHVHVHUYLFHVDUHSURYLGHGE\
R7
7KHVVHVHUYLFHHVDUHHSUR
RYLGH
GHHG E\
\
PDQ\ FDIHV DQG
UHVWDXUDQWV
/DEXDQ
%DMR
DQGG UH
HVWDXUDQWVV LQ /DEX
XDQQ %
DMR
R
DQGWKHFRQQHFWLRQLVJHQHUDOO\WKHVDPHDW
QHFWWL
WLRQ LV
V JHQHHUDOO\
\ WKHVVDP
\
PH DW
W
0EVZKLFKLVJRRGIRU6N\SHDQG