Isolasi Nanoserat Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Sawit (Elaeis guinensis Jack) dengan Menggunakan TEMPO
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Alemdar, A., and Sain, M. 2008. Isolation and Characterization of Nanofiber
From Agricultural Residues-Wheat Straw and Soy Hulls. Biosource
Technology, 99(6), 1664-1671
Anggraita, P. 2006. Penelitian Bahan Nano (Nanomaterial) di Badan Tenaga
Nuklir Nasional, Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia, ISSN: 1411-1098
Andriyati A,H. 2007. Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk
Papan Serat Semen, Jurnal Pemukiman Volume 2 No 3.
Barriga, S. 2001. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). 563
Bailey, W., Bobbitt, J., Wiberg, K. 2007. Organic Chemistry, 72, 4504-4509
Chen, W., Yu, H., Liu, Y and Zhang, M. 2011. Isolation and characterization of
cellulose nanofibers from four plant cellulose fibers using a chemicalultrasonic process. Springer Science+Business Media 18:433–442
Cowd, A. 1991. Kimia Polimer, Alih bahasa oleh Drs. Harry Firman, M.Pd.,
Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
Darnoko. 1992. Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Lignoselulosa Kelapa Sawit Melalui
Biokonversi. Berita penelitian perkebunan vol 2 (2). Medan: Puslitbun
(RISPA).
De Azeredo, H.M.C., 2009. Nanocomposites for food packaging applications.
Food.Res. Int. 42, 1240–1253.
De Nooy AEJ, Bessemer AC, Van Bekkum, H. 1996. synthesis, 10, 1153-1179
Ditjen Perkebunan. 2014. Pertumbuhan Aral Kelapa Sawit Meningkat.
Http:/ditjen.pertanian.go.id/setditjenbun
Dodd, J.W., 1987. Thermal Methods. New York: John Willey and Sons, Inc.
Du Chao, Hailong Li, Mengru Liu, Huaiyu, Z. 2016. Characteristics and
Properties Of Cellulose Nanofiber Prepared by TEMPO Oxidation Of
Corn Husk. BioResources 11(2),5276-5284
Enari, T.M. 1983. Microbial Cellulase. Di dalam W. M. Fogarty (ed). Microbial
Enzyme and Biotechnology Applied Science Publisher. New York
Fukuzumi, H. 2009. Studies On Structure and Properties TEMPO-Oxidized
Cellulose Nanofibril Films. The University of Tokyo
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gardner, D. 2008. Adhesion and Surface Issue in Cellulose and Nanocellulose.
Adhesion Science and Technology. 22:545-567.
Goodger, E. M., 1976. Hydrocarbon Fuels, Production, Properties, and
Performance of Liquid and Gases.London: MacMillan.
Goring, D. 1963. Thermal Softening of Lignin. Pulp and Paper Magazine of
Canada. 64 (12): T517-T527.
Habibi, Y., L.A. Lucia and O.J. Rojas. 2010. Cellulose Nanocrystal: Chemistry.
Self-Assembly and Applications.
Hadi, M. 2004. Tehnik Berkebun Kelapa Sawit. Yogyakarta: Adicita Karya Nusa.
Hitoshi, T.; Akira, A. Key Eng. Mat. 2007. 334–335, 389–392.
Lebedev, O. 1960. Zhur. Obshsc. Kim. 1631- 1635
Mangoensoekarjo, S. 2003. Manajemen Agrobisnis Kelapa Sawit. Yogyakarta:
Gadjah Mada University Press.
Mao, Lianshan, PU Ma, Kweinam Law, Claude Deneault, and Franois Brouillette.
2010. Studies on kinetics and Reuse of Spent Liquor in the TEMPOMediated Selective Oxidation of Mechanical Pulp. Industrial and
Engineering Chemistry Research 113-116
McMurry, J. 1992. F undamental Of General, Organic and Biological Chemistry.
USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Montanari, F. 2005. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl. Encyclopedia of
Reagents for Organic Synthesis. Jhon wiley & Sons
Mulia, A. 2007. Pemanfaatn Tandan Kosong Sawit dan Cangkang Kelapa Sawit
sebagai Briket Arang. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Mustar, A. R. 2011. Kajian Standar Nanoteknologi. Prosiding PPI standarisasi,
Yogyakarta
Nishino, T.; Matsuda, I.; Hirao, K. 2004. Macromolecules. 37, 7683–7687.
Ohwoavworhua, F. 2005. Phosporic Acid-Mediated Depolymerization and
Decrystallization of α-Cellulose Obtained From Corn Cob: Preparation of
Low Crystallinity Cellulose and Some Physicochemical Properties.
Tropical Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research. 4 (2): 509-516
Okita, Y., Saito, T., and Isogai, A. 2009. TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of
Softwood Thermo Mechanical Pulp. Holzforschung 63(5), 529-535
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Poedjiadi, A. 2006. Dasar-Dasar Biokimia. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia
Ramsden, J.J. 2009. Nanoteknologi Terapan: Konversi dari Hasil Penelitian
Menjadi Produk. Terjemahan. Jakarta: Erlangga
Reneker, D.H. and Chun, I. Nanotechnology, 7, 216, 1996.
Roman, M., Dong, S., Hirani, A., Lee, Y.W., 2009. Cellulose nanocrystals for
drug delivery. Polysaccharide Mate: Performance by Design, vol. 1017.,
pp. 81–91.
Rong, L.T. 2011. Manufacture of Cellulose Nanocrystals by cation exchange
Resin-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Cellulose. Bioresource technology. 102:
10973-10977.
Said Azizi Samir, M., Alloin, F., Dufresne, A. 2005. Biomacromolecules. 612–
626.
Setiawan, Y. 2010. Peranan Polimer Selulosa Sebagai Bahan Baku dalam
Pengembangan Produk Manufaktur Menuju Era Globalisasi.Bandung:
Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Silverio, H.A. 2012. Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals
from Corncob for Application as Reinforcing Agent in Nanocomposites.
Industrial Crops and Products. 6376:1-10.
Solechudin. 2002. Pedoman Kerja Praktek PT.Leces Persero. Probolinggo. PT.
Leces.
Soni, B., Hassan, E. B. 2015. and Mahmoud, B. Chemical Isolation and
Characterization of Different Cellulose Nanofibers From Cotton Stalks.
Carbohydrate Polymer
Steven, M. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta: Pradya Paramitha.
Suminar, S. 1990. Kimia Kayu, Dirjen Pendidikan Tinggi Pusat Antar Universitas
Ilmu Hayat. Bogor: IPB.
Utami, D. R. 2011. Analisa Kadar Alfa Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa
Sawit dengan Metode Gravimetri. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Voutou, B. 2008. Electron Microscopy: The Basics. Eropa: Physics of advanced
materials winter school.
Wirjosentono, B. 1995. Analisis dan Karakterisasi Polimer, USU-Press, Medan.
Yamaguchi, M., Miyazawa T, Takata T, Endo T. 1990. Pure Appl Chem. 62: 217
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Yano, H., Sugiyama, J., Nakagaito, N.A., Nogi, M., Matsuura, T., Hikita, M.,
Handa, K. 2005. Optically transparent composites reinforced with
networks of bacterial nanofibers. Adv. Mater. 17, 153–155.
Zhang, T., Wang, W., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., Ma, Y., Zhou, Y., Qi, L. 2010.
Biotemplated synthesis of gold nanoparticle–bacteria cellulose nanofiber
nanocomposites and their application in biosensing. Adv. Funct. Mater.
20, 1152–1160.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Alemdar, A., and Sain, M. 2008. Isolation and Characterization of Nanofiber
From Agricultural Residues-Wheat Straw and Soy Hulls. Biosource
Technology, 99(6), 1664-1671
Anggraita, P. 2006. Penelitian Bahan Nano (Nanomaterial) di Badan Tenaga
Nuklir Nasional, Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia, ISSN: 1411-1098
Andriyati A,H. 2007. Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk
Papan Serat Semen, Jurnal Pemukiman Volume 2 No 3.
Barriga, S. 2001. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). 563
Bailey, W., Bobbitt, J., Wiberg, K. 2007. Organic Chemistry, 72, 4504-4509
Chen, W., Yu, H., Liu, Y and Zhang, M. 2011. Isolation and characterization of
cellulose nanofibers from four plant cellulose fibers using a chemicalultrasonic process. Springer Science+Business Media 18:433–442
Cowd, A. 1991. Kimia Polimer, Alih bahasa oleh Drs. Harry Firman, M.Pd.,
Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
Darnoko. 1992. Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Lignoselulosa Kelapa Sawit Melalui
Biokonversi. Berita penelitian perkebunan vol 2 (2). Medan: Puslitbun
(RISPA).
De Azeredo, H.M.C., 2009. Nanocomposites for food packaging applications.
Food.Res. Int. 42, 1240–1253.
De Nooy AEJ, Bessemer AC, Van Bekkum, H. 1996. synthesis, 10, 1153-1179
Ditjen Perkebunan. 2014. Pertumbuhan Aral Kelapa Sawit Meningkat.
Http:/ditjen.pertanian.go.id/setditjenbun
Dodd, J.W., 1987. Thermal Methods. New York: John Willey and Sons, Inc.
Du Chao, Hailong Li, Mengru Liu, Huaiyu, Z. 2016. Characteristics and
Properties Of Cellulose Nanofiber Prepared by TEMPO Oxidation Of
Corn Husk. BioResources 11(2),5276-5284
Enari, T.M. 1983. Microbial Cellulase. Di dalam W. M. Fogarty (ed). Microbial
Enzyme and Biotechnology Applied Science Publisher. New York
Fukuzumi, H. 2009. Studies On Structure and Properties TEMPO-Oxidized
Cellulose Nanofibril Films. The University of Tokyo
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gardner, D. 2008. Adhesion and Surface Issue in Cellulose and Nanocellulose.
Adhesion Science and Technology. 22:545-567.
Goodger, E. M., 1976. Hydrocarbon Fuels, Production, Properties, and
Performance of Liquid and Gases.London: MacMillan.
Goring, D. 1963. Thermal Softening of Lignin. Pulp and Paper Magazine of
Canada. 64 (12): T517-T527.
Habibi, Y., L.A. Lucia and O.J. Rojas. 2010. Cellulose Nanocrystal: Chemistry.
Self-Assembly and Applications.
Hadi, M. 2004. Tehnik Berkebun Kelapa Sawit. Yogyakarta: Adicita Karya Nusa.
Hitoshi, T.; Akira, A. Key Eng. Mat. 2007. 334–335, 389–392.
Lebedev, O. 1960. Zhur. Obshsc. Kim. 1631- 1635
Mangoensoekarjo, S. 2003. Manajemen Agrobisnis Kelapa Sawit. Yogyakarta:
Gadjah Mada University Press.
Mao, Lianshan, PU Ma, Kweinam Law, Claude Deneault, and Franois Brouillette.
2010. Studies on kinetics and Reuse of Spent Liquor in the TEMPOMediated Selective Oxidation of Mechanical Pulp. Industrial and
Engineering Chemistry Research 113-116
McMurry, J. 1992. F undamental Of General, Organic and Biological Chemistry.
USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Montanari, F. 2005. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl. Encyclopedia of
Reagents for Organic Synthesis. Jhon wiley & Sons
Mulia, A. 2007. Pemanfaatn Tandan Kosong Sawit dan Cangkang Kelapa Sawit
sebagai Briket Arang. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Mustar, A. R. 2011. Kajian Standar Nanoteknologi. Prosiding PPI standarisasi,
Yogyakarta
Nishino, T.; Matsuda, I.; Hirao, K. 2004. Macromolecules. 37, 7683–7687.
Ohwoavworhua, F. 2005. Phosporic Acid-Mediated Depolymerization and
Decrystallization of α-Cellulose Obtained From Corn Cob: Preparation of
Low Crystallinity Cellulose and Some Physicochemical Properties.
Tropical Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research. 4 (2): 509-516
Okita, Y., Saito, T., and Isogai, A. 2009. TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of
Softwood Thermo Mechanical Pulp. Holzforschung 63(5), 529-535
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Poedjiadi, A. 2006. Dasar-Dasar Biokimia. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia
Ramsden, J.J. 2009. Nanoteknologi Terapan: Konversi dari Hasil Penelitian
Menjadi Produk. Terjemahan. Jakarta: Erlangga
Reneker, D.H. and Chun, I. Nanotechnology, 7, 216, 1996.
Roman, M., Dong, S., Hirani, A., Lee, Y.W., 2009. Cellulose nanocrystals for
drug delivery. Polysaccharide Mate: Performance by Design, vol. 1017.,
pp. 81–91.
Rong, L.T. 2011. Manufacture of Cellulose Nanocrystals by cation exchange
Resin-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Cellulose. Bioresource technology. 102:
10973-10977.
Said Azizi Samir, M., Alloin, F., Dufresne, A. 2005. Biomacromolecules. 612–
626.
Setiawan, Y. 2010. Peranan Polimer Selulosa Sebagai Bahan Baku dalam
Pengembangan Produk Manufaktur Menuju Era Globalisasi.Bandung:
Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Silverio, H.A. 2012. Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals
from Corncob for Application as Reinforcing Agent in Nanocomposites.
Industrial Crops and Products. 6376:1-10.
Solechudin. 2002. Pedoman Kerja Praktek PT.Leces Persero. Probolinggo. PT.
Leces.
Soni, B., Hassan, E. B. 2015. and Mahmoud, B. Chemical Isolation and
Characterization of Different Cellulose Nanofibers From Cotton Stalks.
Carbohydrate Polymer
Steven, M. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta: Pradya Paramitha.
Suminar, S. 1990. Kimia Kayu, Dirjen Pendidikan Tinggi Pusat Antar Universitas
Ilmu Hayat. Bogor: IPB.
Utami, D. R. 2011. Analisa Kadar Alfa Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa
Sawit dengan Metode Gravimetri. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Voutou, B. 2008. Electron Microscopy: The Basics. Eropa: Physics of advanced
materials winter school.
Wirjosentono, B. 1995. Analisis dan Karakterisasi Polimer, USU-Press, Medan.
Yamaguchi, M., Miyazawa T, Takata T, Endo T. 1990. Pure Appl Chem. 62: 217
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Yano, H., Sugiyama, J., Nakagaito, N.A., Nogi, M., Matsuura, T., Hikita, M.,
Handa, K. 2005. Optically transparent composites reinforced with
networks of bacterial nanofibers. Adv. Mater. 17, 153–155.
Zhang, T., Wang, W., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., Ma, Y., Zhou, Y., Qi, L. 2010.
Biotemplated synthesis of gold nanoparticle–bacteria cellulose nanofiber
nanocomposites and their application in biosensing. Adv. Funct. Mater.
20, 1152–1160.
Universitas Sumatera Utara