A study of varieties madurese language in whatsapp message group used by members in IKAMABA organization.

(1)

A STUDY OF VARIETIES MADURESE LANGUAGE IN WHATSAPP MESSAGE GROUP USED BY MEMBERS IN IKAMABA ORGANIZATION

A THESIS

Submitted as a partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the sarjana Degree of English Departement Faculty of Letters and Humaniora UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

By:

Laylisatul Kudriyah Reg. Number : A73213103

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2017

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

xii

ABSTRACT

Kudriyah, Laylisatul. 2017. A study vaerieties Madurese language in Whatsapp message group used by members in IKAMABA organization. English Department. Faculty of Arts and Humanities. State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Advisor : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M. Ag.

Keywords : Language varieties, register, jargon, slang, codeswitching, and contexts.

This thesis attemps to analyze varieties madurese language used by members of IKAMABA organization through Whatsapp messagges group. In order to take the point of this study, the focus of this research about the conversations of the members through whatsapp message group like a jargon, register, slang, code switching and the last the social context in the conversation.

In this study the writer applied a descriptive qualitative as the approach of this research. It was conducted during April-june 2017. Finally, the writer found out that IKAMABA whatsapp message group had special terms which were used by the members of IKAMABA in whatsapp message group. The register which were used ngopi, toron/ongge, nyeddeh, buk toan and the jargons used there were tretan/tretani, KMI, jhe’ loppa mekker tretan, PRESMATA, Tretan pena, Kuil sakti 17, KLF, SENSASI, IAK, Sunior, while the slang used were syuuut, masyuuuk, Hajar, Ajet, Bu’ul, Ampun senior, Roti obber, Cuuy, Kakaks, Sabarono, Kaum sufi, Wallopen, Syuud, Adiks, Sunior, Akarkar, Jaga foto. Furthemore, the members of IKAMABA organization sometimes also switched codes during their conversation. The kinds of code mixing used were Madurese language – indonesian language, Indonesian language-medurese language in alos level, madurese langugae in lomra level – indonesian language, madurese language in alos level – madurese language in tengga’an level. Several contexts that influenced choice of the terms were the communication between (1) junior to senior; (2) female and male or male to female.

(7)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

xiii

INTISARI

Kudriyah, Laylisatul. 2017. A study vaerieties Madurese language in Whatsapp message group used by members in IKAMABA organization. Jurusan Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Dosen pembimbing : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M. Ag.

Kata kunci : register, jargon, salang, code switching dan context.

Skripsi ini mencoba menganalisa variasi bahasa madura yang digunakan oleh anggota IKAMABA melalui kelompok pesan Whatsapp. Untuk menunjukkan permasalahan pada studi ini, fokus penelitian ini pada analisis organisasi ini tentang percakapan semua anggota dalam kelompok pesan seperti sebuah jargon, register, slang, code switching dan terahir social context dalam percakapan.

Dalam penelitian ini penulis menerapkan deskriptif kualitatif sebagai pendekatan untuk penelitiannya. Ini dilakukan pada bulan April-Juni 2017. Akhirnya, penulis menemukan bahwa kelompok pesan IKAMABA memiliki istilah khusus yang digunakan oleh anggota IKAMABA dalam kelompok pesan whatsapp. Register yang digunakan adalah ngopi, toron / ongge, nyeddeh, buk toan dan jargon yang digunakan di sana adalah tretan / tretani, KMI, jhe 'loppa mekker tretan, PRESMATA, Tretan pena, Kuil sakti 17, KLF, SENSASI, IAK, Sunior dan slang digunakan di sana yaitu syuuut, masyuuuk, hajar, ajet, Bu'ul, Ampun senior, roti obber, Cuuy, kakaks, sabarono, kaum sufi, wallopen, syuud, adiks, sunior, akarkar, jaga foto. Selanjutnya, anggota organisasi IKAMABA terkadang juga beralih sisi selama percakapan mereka. Jenis pencampuran kode yaitu bahasa Madura - bahasa indonesia, bahasa Indonesia - bahasa medurese di tingkat alos, bahasa madura di tingkat lomra - bahasa indonesia, bahasa madura di tingkat alos - bahasa madura di tingkat tengga'an. Beberapa konteks yang mempengaruhi pilihan istilah adalah komunikasi antara (1) junior ke senior; (2) perempuan dan laki-laki atau laki-laki pada perempuan.

(8)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page...i

Inside Title Page...ii

Declaration Page...iii

Dedication Page...iv

Motto...v

Advisor’s Approval Page...vi

Examiner’s Approval Page...vii

Acknowledgement...viii

Table of Contents...x

Abstract...xii

Intisari...xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION...1

1.1. Background of the Study...1

1.2. Statement of the Problems...10

1.3. Objective of the Study...10

1.4. Significance of the Study...11

1.5. Scope and Limitation...11

1.6. Definition of Key Terms...12

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE...13

2.1.Sociolinguistic...13

2.2. Internet Language...14

2.3. Madura Language...17

2.4. Langauge Variety...21

2.4.1. Register...21

(9)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

2.4.3. Slang...24

2.4.4. Code switching...25

2.5. The role of context...26

2.6. IKAMABA Organization ...27

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...30

3.1.Research Design ...30

3.2.Research Instruments...31

3.3.Subject of the researcher ...31

3.4. Data and Data Source...32

3.5. Data collection ...33

3.6. Data analysis...34

CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS...35

4.1. Language varieties Used by member IKAMABA organization in whatsapp messages group...35

4.1.1. Register...36

4.1.2. Jargon...40

4.1.3. Slang...46

4.1.4. Code switching...56

4.2. Social context...60

4.3. Discussion...63

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION...67

5.1. Summary...67

5.2. Suggestion...67

REFERENCES...68

(10)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter explains background of study, research problem, research objectives, significance of the research, scope and limitations, and definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of The Study

In this globalization era, Internet has widespread link to all over the world and now has been the main media of communication. The internet is defined as the worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) to communicate with one another (Holt, 2004). It enables people to communicate each other, share common interests, ideas, and feelings more easily, faster, and more efficiently. It seems that people nowadays, hard to live without the internet connection, as the world information currently is packed up within the internet.

This research focuces on language verieties in discussion group whatsapp used by members of IKAMABA organization. The writer investigates the use of language varieties like jargon, code switching, register, slang, and the last social context. The writer wants to know how the strategies of discussion build by members of IKAMABA in the Whatsapp messages group communication.

Human life is not far from communication, the communication is used in form that called as language. Language is a tool for people to communicate each other, people use language in their daily life, and every region has different

(11)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₂

language. There are many languages varieties in this world especially in Indonesia. In other explanation, said the language diversity is closely dependent on the kind of group and categories to be found in particular society (Allen and Corder, 1980: 166-167). It means that every group has its own variety which is used in certain community and from language they use we know where the group people comes from.

A society can be divided into several group based on ethnicity, profession, education, economic level, sex, religion and soon. Each person uses variety of language within her other group, she or he does not apply when meet peole from the group because it will emerg e the mutual unintelligible or misunderstanding between the group and people who are not from the same group.

People who live in bilingual community have a tendency to use two or more codes varieties when they communicate with others. Usually, people who have same feel are free to switch from one language to another both informal or formal sitation. As stated by gumpers in Soehariyono (2003:2), social norms of language choice vary from situation to situation and from community to community.

The case usually occurs in big city or village where the society members are from several ethnic group. Members of IKAMABA come from vaious ethnic & backround may also indicate this real phenomena, especially a organization in UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. In this area language plays an important role to the communication process to bridge people from various backround. Setting language uses two or more codes within an utterance emerges when the conversation is talking place.

(12)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₃

The reasons why the writer chooses IKAMABA organization of the object of a study are firstly, the members come from various background of a social condition, culture and this organitation is very unique to be observed. IKAMABA organization is one area that stands on the campus of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Daily members of IKAMABA still use the language of Madura and still thick with the accent Madura without being influenced by the language around them.

Madura is the native language of Madura people who majority live in Madura Island, it is spoken by many people who live in Sumenep, Pamekasan, Sampang, Bangkalan, Kangean and East of Java or the area known as the horseshoe area stretching. As a language spoken by a large number of speakers, Madurese language has a significant role in the main society in maintaining and developing the Indonesian language. At least there are two big roles that can be played the Madurese language: the existence of Madura language is an Indonesian protector of foreign language attack, as well as Madurese is a component of vocabulary to language Indonesia, (Azhar, 2008: 16-19)

IKAMABA is one of the Bangkalan organization that is located in Surabaya. Basecamp of IKAMABA is located in Wonocolo. All members use language Bangkalan Madura. Bangkalan Madura language is a language of Madura that could be called rude language class, because the district is in addition to Surabaya and far away from the district that use the finest language of Madura. Usually members of the organization to use the language of Madura in IKAMABA to their daily lives when they are together. But, Bangkalan has several

(13)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₄

districts that have different dialects, vocab, accents and meanings in Madura language. And Bangkalan use the variety of spoken by western areas. These assumptions make this study necessary to be conducted in order to desscribe the lexical differences in the Bangkalan the geographical distribution of those lexical differences. Therefore, IKAMABA is an Organization that the people used language varieties, they are formal, semi-formal, and non-formal (semi-formal) language.

This study is synchronic or descriptive study. Synchronic linguistic is one of linguistic fields which describes the language system in particular time by observing the phenomena happened to one language in certain time. Focussing on varieties of Madura language. The varieties of madura spoken in Bangkalan people like a register, jargons, code switching & code mixing.

This research is intended to analyze the varieties of Madura language by people in IKAMABA organization. The writer takes this object because the phenomena of varieties of Madura language in Whatsapp message by people in IKAMABA organization are very unique to be studied. This study is designed specifically to describe Madura varieties spoken in the western part of Bangkalan regions.

Learning from some studies that had been conducted by researcher above, the writer can concludes that almoss all of the studies used Wardaugh theory and got the data by using descriptive qualitative method. In this study, the writer used qualitative method to support the data by doing observation to members in IKAMABA organization. As we know that the difference between this study and

(14)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₅

the previous study above is in the data sources and theory that used. In this study the writer chooses the members IKAMABA as her data sources. The writer gets the data from conversation chat to members IKAMABA. She observed directly the organization, make a note the spoken by members IKAMABA, and also interview.

There are some studies about language varieties that have been done by researcher. These dialect geography studies can also be guidance for this current study. One of these studies is done by Morris, J. (2013). This thesis investigates phonetic and phonological variation in the bilingual repertoire of adolescent Welsh-English bilinguals living in North Wales. It contributes to linguistic research by, firstly, providing an account of language variation in an under-studied area (N. Wales) and context (regional minority language bilingualism) and, secondly by examining cross-linguistic variation, and the constraints on this variation, in bilingual speech. The two variables under discussion differ in how they are realised in the two languages: /l/ is thought to be heavily velarised in both languages as a result of long-term contact and phonological convergence. Variation in the production of /r/ and realisation of code /r/ hitherto has been reported as language-specific, though frequent transfer is said to occur from Welsh to English in predominantly Welsh-speaking areas (e.g. Penhallurick 2004: 110; Wells 1982: 390). The first aim of the study is to quantify claims of phonological convergence and transfer in the speech of Welsh-English bilinguals by using a variationist sociolinguistics methodology (e.g. Labov 1966), which also considers the influence of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on variation.

(15)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₆

Particular attention is paid to different between a majority Welsh-speaking town and a town where English is the main language. A further distinction is made between those from Welsh-speaking homes and those from English-speaking homes who have acquired Welsh through immersion education.

Ammour, J. (2011) This research work is an attempt to analyse the sociolinguistic situation of an Algerian town and one of the seven districts of Tlemcen, Nedroma. The area is situated 57 km North West of Tlemcen. The main purpose of this research work is to describe and shed light on the linguistic features characterizing the speech community of Ned roma, mainly the phonological, the morphological and the lexical.

Nanang, R. (2011) This thesis is about a sociolinguistics perspective on the language varieties applied in Ten2Five song lyrics. The aims of this thesis are to analyze language varieties and the factors which influence the language varieties. The data of this thesis are taken from Ten2five album. This study focuses on the language varieties in Ten2Five song lyrics. In this thesis the writer collects the data by using library & internet study, documentation, and by listening the songs. After the data are collected, then they are analyzed using the following steps: transcribing the lyrics, identification, classification, and interpretation. The writer found two types of language varieties, they are: 1) Formal language, which is used in formal situation. 2) Informal language, which is used in informal situation. Based on supporting factors that influence language varieties, the writer found some factors that influence Ten2Five song lyrics language varieties, they are: social status, setting (situation), participants, topic, function, ends, act sequence,

(16)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₇

key, instrumentalities, norms and genre. From the analysis it can be shown that language varieties used by Ten2Five song lyrics are formal languages by Holmes and shown that key used by Ten2Five song lyrics are seriousness, information, sadness and expectation by Hymes.

Bridget, L. (2013). The comparative method of variationist sociolinguistics has demonstrated that frequency changes are not reliable determin ants of whether grammatical change is taking place. Frequency changes can be the result of extra-linguistic register changes, changes within the underlying grammar, or a combination (Szmrecsanyi,2013; Tagliamonte,2002 a). This work examines two variables known to vary along the written-to-spoken continuum —relative clause pronouns, and the genitive construction — across three registers of English and 100 years, with the goal of furthering our understanding of the relationship between spoken and written language.

Astuti, W. (2013). The research entitled Language Attitudes towards Written ‘Alay’ Variety in Facebook Interaction aims to reveal the use of the alay variety in Facebook media and the attitudes of users and ex-users of the variety. The study employs a descriptive method to describe and interpret the data. As the writer mainly divides the study into two aspects: linguistic feature of alay variety and the language attitudes towards the variety, the study applies Crowley’s theory of language change (1999) and Ryan’s (1982) and Anderson’s (1991) theory of language attitudes. The study reveals that the realization of written alay variety in Facebook covers two broad categories, namely spelling and writing modifications. The spelling modifications in written alay variety were found to occur in five

(17)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₈

different cases, spelling shift, spelling addition, spelling deletion, contraction, and irregular spelling modification. Related to language attitudes toward the written alay variety, users and ex-users develop different attitudes towards the use of ‘alay’ variety. Users tend to have more neutral attitudes tothe use of alay variety; they develop more positive attitudes towards the variety. Incontrast, most ex-users react negatively towards the use of alay variety because they consider the variety to have alow prestige or status and is not a proper variety to use

Rohman, A. (2014). This research compares the relationship of people’s language feature and their social classes in Dhaka city. Different views on how people use language in different social circumstances as well as in different situations have been identified and analyzed with sociolinguistic theories. The researcher has observed five authentic situations and combinedly analyzed them with people’s opinion from different classes through questionnaire session. Very few reasons to conduct the language differences and bring variations on the same language have been pointed out and the role of social classes has also been recognized in this regard. Moreover, this research will help to understand how language and social class system are closely related to each other.

Learning from some studies that had been conducted by the researchers above, the writer can be concluded that almoss all of the studies used theory of Hudson and get the data by using descriptive qualitative method. In this study, this writing use qualitative method to support with doing observed to members IKAMABA organization. The writer will analyze the varieties of Madura langugae used by member of IKAMABA a like a register, jargon code switching

(18)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₉

and code mixing. In this study the writer chooses the Bangkalan people in IKAMABA as her data sources. The writer gets tha data from conversation chat members in IKAMABA. She will observed directly the organization, make a note the spoken by Bangkalan people in IKAMABA, and also interview.

In order to focus to Language varieties study, the writer will conduct with some other works about language varieties as the previous study. The researcher conducts Aditya setiawan’s research. Aditya setiawan examined in his thesis entitled “Language Variation In Semarang Chinese High School Teenager” this analyzes about this thesis aims to know and reveal some linguistic variations that occur in Tiong Hoa young people among especially in the city of Semarang. From research conducted, finally obtained a result that the majority Chinese descent young people, especially those who live in the city of Semarang has a uniqueness in speaking or communication. Young man's descent Tiong Hoa the majority use more than one language, not only Indonesian as The main language, but they also master their native language, namely Mandarin, Hokkien, Gek, Teochews, and more. In the general environment, they tend to use Indonesian, and sometimes the local language (Java language with the patois dialect Semarang thick), but the different is when they are at home, or being communicate with parents or his brothers, they tend to use Mandarin, Hokkien, or others.

There are still many aspects in language which have not been revealed. The varieties which are principally employed by some comunities dealing with the profession especially members of IKAMABA organization. Actually, in this thesis the writer will discuss about some problems with the previous one, but it

(19)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₁₀

uses different object. Then, about the theories which will be used in the analysis are also the same but not at all. It is caused by an addition. That theories are language varieties , register, jargon, code switching, code mixing and the role of context.

1.2 Statement of Research Problem

Based on the background of the study, the writer formulates the research as follow:

1. What are Madurese language varieties are used by members of IKAMABA in Whatsapp message group ?

2. What social contexts do exist in IKAMABA organization ? 1.3 Objectives of The Study

The objective of the study in this analysis are to present the result of the analysis of a Study of varieties Madurese language in whatsapp message group used By members In IKAMABA organization. Here the writer formulates the objectives of this research:

1. To describe varieties of language which are used for language whatsapp message group in IKAMABA organization.

2. To identify what the social context inflencing the varieties which are used for language whatsapp message group in IKAMABA organization.

(20)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₁₁

1.4 Significance of The Study

The study of varieties in Madurese language are used by members of IKAMABA organization give benefits to readers such as to give explanation of the linguistic phenomena of Madurese language varieties spoken by members of IKAMABA organization, to find out varieties of Madura language in IKAMABA, to give some information about the geographical factor of the use of Madura language.

1.5 Scope of Limitation

The study focuses on language varieties. The writer tries to delimit this thesis to the spesific terms or register, jargon, code mixing, slang and the social context which are applied by members of IKAMABA organization.

1.6 Definition of The Key Terms

1. Language variety : a specific set of linguistic items or human speech patterns (presumably, sounds, words, grammatical features) which we can uniquely associate with some external factors (presumably, a geographical area and a social group) Wardaugh (1988: 20)

2. Register :A variation of language which a group of specialist often develop to talk about their specially. It could be described an occupational style (Holmes, 1992:276)

(21)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

₁₂

3. Jargon : The unique vocabulary use by professional or trade groups. (fromkin, Blair and Collins: 1999:435)

4. Code switching : the alternate use of two or more languages or linguistic varieties within the same utterance or during the same conversation. It is stated by troike (in Soehariyono, 2003: 9)

5. Social context : the place and the situation in which the people are talking.

(22)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents underlying theory of the study. It discusses sociolinguistic, Madura language, language variety, jargon, code switching and code mixing, reason of code switching and code mixing, the role of context.

2.1 Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics is the study of the language function in a social context and the development of language in society. This is consistent with Noam Chomsky in Romaine (2000, p. 1) stated that sociolinguistics focuses on differences in the use of language in society so that an object can be the object language learning another language. Then, Chomsky said that the question of language is the fundamental question of power. From the statement, it is clear that sociolinguistics is the study of language use in a society that does not focus on the composition of sentence structure, but focuses on differences in language use and language development in society.

A sociolinguistic approach to problems of language and interaction target the aspects of social problems that give people a common basis to understanding and communicating with each other (Chambers, 1995; Fasold, 1984). The origins and uses of initial language implementation have as great of an effect on social problems and inequality as do the perceptions around, and stereotyping resulting

(23)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

from the linguistic (i.e. tonal, phonetic, semantic, etc.) variations of genders, races or sexualities (Fasold, 1984; Myhill, 2004; Skutnabb-Kangas, 2000)

Sociolinguistics examines the interplay of language and society, with language as the starting point. Variation is the key concept, applied to language itself and to its use. The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and changing. As a result, language is not homogeneous — not for the individual user and not within or among groups of speakers who use the same language. By studying written records, sociolinguists also examine how language and society have interacted in the past. For example, they have tabulated frequency of the singular pronoun thou and its replacement you in dated hand-written or printed documents and correlated changes in frequency with changes in class structure in 16th and 17th century England. This is historical sociolinguistics: the study of relationship between changes in society and changes in language over a period of time.

2.2 Internet Language

Internet presence starting in 1990 has a big effect on communication, as a consequence the term internet language is used by (crystal 2011) Refers to the scientific study of all the manifestations of language in electronic media, for a simple definition but carries boarding meaning he defined it as the study of language on the Internet. This term includes computer-mediated communication (CMC), electronically mediated communication (EMC) or digitally mediated communication (DMC), Cyberspeak, Netspeak, Netlish, Weblish, Electronic

(24)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

discourse, computer-mediated discourse (CMD), e-language, e-linguistics, cyberlinguistics, and other complex terms that are used to represent the language used on electronic interactions as communication media where they are all connected with Internet wireless network which has to do with online setting (e.g. e-mail, chat, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.)

Whatsapp group of IKAMABA consists of 145 people and almost half of the members are active in the group. Average group members aged from 19-50 years. In the group chat forum, they discuss many things ranging from just asking the news, providing an information, sharing or even a joke. The language they use range from the Madurese language Lomra to Alos.

Danet (2001) divided online communication into two modes; Danet (2001) divided online communication into two modes; synchronous (real time) and asynchronous (postponed time). In synchronous term, an individual can

simultaneously logged on to chat and join an ongoing conversation in real time by typing just as face-to-face speakers hear their interlocutors writing their messages as they are spoken. While in asynchronous term, an individual experiences a time lag between the messages being sent and that with the recipient receives or reads them.

Further, electronic communication itself can be divided up along two dimensions, as added by Baron (2004). One is synchronicity (synchronous or asynchronous). The other is audience scope – the communication is addressed for a single person (one-to-one) or for a larger audience (one-to-many). In relation to

(25)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

both different time and scope dimension, the scheme of the examples of each is provided in table 2.1.

In this thesis, the writer determined whatsapp one to one and one to many because whatsapp can use to contact individual person, but now many chat features private chat apps that provide the group feature so from the chat app we can use it to interact with many people at one time. In the online setting the way users communicate with others is not much different from people communicating daily language is also included. Language can be changed because it is influenced by varieties of language and appearing of a new vocabulary. Usually, in the informal utterance, young people choose a language variety which they want, they

Audience Scope

Mode / synchronicity

Synchronous Asynchronous

One to one Instant messaging (BBM, Whasapp, LINE, Wechat, Kakaotalk, etc.)

Email, texting on mobile Phones

One to many Computer conferencing,

MUDs, MOOs, chat, Second Life (BBM, Whasapp, LINE, Wechat, Kakaotalk, etc.)

Newsgroups, Listservs, Usenet, blogs, Myspace, Facebook, Youtube, Twitter,

(26)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

want to show intimacy in their group. According to Holmes (1992), Language change appears from variation over time that it has origins in spatial (or regional) and social variation. Because of that language variety is also a part of language. Vareties of language appear from differences language when some people speak with others. Moreover, person has characteristic in speech style in social condition. Language variety that is use because of social condition is called sociolect. but variety of language not only what is spoken but it is are also found in the form of text such as movies, poems, songs and even a chat. According to Wardhaugh a specific set of linguistic items or human speech patterns (presumably, sounds, words, grammatical features) which can uniquely associate with some external factors (presumably, a geographical area and a social group).

In this research, the writer focused on varieties of Madurese language such as jargon, register, code mixing slang and social context because they talk about digital writing form used by member of Ikamaba on whatsapp message group which the readers first see in a text.

2.3 Madura Language

Geographically, the island of Madura is located at 7 ° latitude and between 112 ° and 114 BT (Wiyata,2002: 2009). On this island there are four districts namely Bangkalan, Pamekasan and Sampang Sumenep. Madura island can be considered as a multiethnic island because this island is not only inhabited by Madurese, but also inhabited by the Javanese, Sundanese, Sumatra, Chinese, and Arabic. Although the structure of society consists of various ethnic groups, the

(27)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

majority of the island's population are native speakers of Madura is Madurese language and the language of communication they also Madura (Azhar, 2008).

Madura language is a regional language used by the adura as a tool to communicate, to show the identity and existence as one of the tribes in the archipelago is the tribe of Madura. The linguist and madura language researchers who have long pursue to take a different conclusion, including madura language & the languages of melayu-polynesian used approximately 15 million (estimated number) of residents who inhabit the island of Madura And the surrounding islands located at the eastern end of the island of madura and the northern coastal area of Java island called the fiber horse region by the communities of Madurese people scattered throughout the archipelago.

Among a variety of regional languages in Indonesia, Madura language is one of the great countless regional languages. This is because the number of native speakers are in fourth position after the speakers of Javanese, Malay and Sunda. Speakers of this language is estimated to amount to more than 7% of the total population of Indonesia. (Wikipedia, 2006). Today, approximately three to four million people inhabit the speakers Madura Island, while the rest, as many as nine to ten million Madurese live in Java. Bags of Madura language speakers can also be found in Jakarta, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. (PJRN: 2006).

Madura language is a unique language. In addition to know the language level such as Enja'-Iyah (abusive language), Enggi-Enten (intermediate language) and Enggi-Bunten (Thoroughbred), Madurese language has a special character, especially in the vocabulary that many familiar sound of "letup" in the words of

(28)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

saba ' (put) and lagghu '(tomorrow). Another special character is the number of consonants that appear in a word such as lebbhak (estuary) and bhajjrah (lucky). This uniqueness makes two Madurese language differs from the language of other regions. If someone from another ethnic group learn the language of Madura, at first maybe he would have found the barriers associated with the two characters did. But the plus side, because of the uniqueness of this Madurese language, a vocabulary in the language of Madura has been remembered and understood the meaning which never be forgotten by those who learn the language of Madura.

Madura language has several levels according to Madurese Language Dictionary (Adrian Pawitra: 2009), Madurese has three languages (speech levels). The scheme of the examples of each is provided in table.

NO Madurese language Speech level

1. General (Iyâ-enjâ ') = Lomra {L} - termed abusive language level.

2. Medium (Èngghi -enten) = Tenggaan {T} - medium level 3. High / Fine (Èngghi-bhunten) = Alos {A} - fine language level.

From the table, we can understand the level of language used by Madura people to communicate.

Phonemes in Madurese have special characters differently than other languages because many phonemes in the language that has the properties

(29)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

aspirates. The beraspirat phoneme is phonemic given the ability to differentiate meaning. Beraspirat phoneme is one of the characteristics of the sounds of language grammar Madura.

Vowels are sounds of language in the process of establishing air stream which flow from the lungs & do not experience barriers by the vocal organs. Vocal quality is determined by three factors: (1) high-low position of the tongue, (2) part of the tongue is raised, and (3) shape of the lips when the vowel sound. In madurese language (BM) there are six vowels are: / a /, / i /, / e /, / u /, /? / And / כ /. Judging from the high and low position of the tongue and the parts of the tongue is raised, or the parameters of low height and front-rear, six vowels can be described as the following table:

The position of tongue

Front Center Back

On /i/ /u/

Midle /e/

Under /a/

From the picture above, we can concluded that based on the high and low position of the tongue, BM has two vocals on (/ i / and / u /), three vowel (/ e /, /? / And / כ/) and one vowel down (/ a /). Based on the elevated portion of the tongue, BM has two front vowels (/ i / and / e /), two middle vowel (/? / And / a /), and

(30)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

two vowel (/ u / and / כ/). Based on the shape of the lips, BM has two vowels round (/ u / and / כ/) and four vowels unrounded (/ i /, / e /, /? / And / a /. (Sofyan et al, 2008).

2.4Language variety

In order to use more than one language, people must learn and acquire those two languages. Firstly, they have to acquire their first language or mother tounge, secondly they have to learn and master other language which will be their second one or foreign language. The ability to use two languages is called by billilnggual. A multilingual society consists of many different group with the different cultures and varieties language.

According to hudson (1980:24) a variety is a set of linguistic item with similar social distribution which means that in communication with one another people will understand each other. It can bee seen from the way pronounce the words, and they contruct phrases and the gramatical features.

Another opinion dealing with language variety is stated by wolframs and christian(1984) in soehariyono (23:11). They state the language variety is the fact of society lied with the tradition of people and social factors that distinguish different cultural, social level, and ethnic group from each other as a from of behaviour, language differences simply reflect social differences of one type or another.

Furthemore, no human language is fixed, uniform and unvarrying; all language show internal variation. Actual usage varieties from group to group, and

(31)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

speaker to speaker. In terms of pronounciation of a language, the choice of word and the meaning of those word, and even use of syntactic contrtaction (Akmajian, et al.,: 1995:259). It means that every group of people uses their own variety differs from another.

Holmes (1992:2) states the variety is a sociolinguistic term refering to language context. A variety is a set of sociolinguistic forms under specific social circumstances i.e with a distingtive social distribution. Variety is different linguistic style, different dialects and event other for a social reason. In other words, each group of people use their own variety different from another.

Morover language variation is determind by factors such us time, place, socio-cultural, and situation. Firstly, foctor of time it causes a language variation from time. Secondly, factor of place, it emerges regional dialect. The third, factor of social cultural, its distinguishes social variation called social dialect and the fourth, factor of situation. It differentiates formal and informal situation.

Then, the writer make the conclution that language variety occures because of social variation and variety of language function.

2.4.1 Register

According to Holmes (2001: 246), the term register can be understood in two ways. In a broader sense, it is a variety of language associated with such situational parameters as: addressee, setting, mode of communication, task or topic. However, some researchers apply the term to refer to the specific vocabulary employed by various occupational groups or used in specific situations. The narrower definition of the concept seems rather unacceptable

(32)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

since, as has already been suggested and will be stressed further, register analysis should not be solely restricted to vocabulary. Register studies should include (and, in fact, most of them do include) other aspects of language as well. As Ferguson (1994: 20) once put it, ‘people participating in recurrent communication situations tend to develop similar vocabularies, similar features of intonation, and characteristic bits of syntax and phonology that they use in these situations’.

The register occurs from some reasons, because the same person may use very different linguistic items to express more or less the same meaning on different occasions, and as a way of making off insider from outside or to avoid undertanding of rest of people or group which are definitely not from the same group.

Furthemore, the function and effectiveness of register depend on situational context in which those varieties are used or depending on the particular context (Fromkin, Blair and collins: 1999:435) those statements are in line with Holmes that people’s speech reflects not only aspects of their identity such as their ethnicity, age gender and social background, it also reflecs the contexts in which they are using the language (1992:282)

2.4.2 Jargon

Is the language, especially the vocabulary, peculiar to a particular trade, profession, or group such as doctors and engineers in their respective professions. A jargon can also be a meaningless talk or writing that one does not understand and it can be characterized by unfamiliar vocabulary Furthermore, the use of

(33)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

jargon words can be defined in knowledge stickiness, in the sense that knowledge stickiness entails a process that is difficult to transfer knowledge, the difficultly attributed to the way the information is encoded, as well as the characteristics of the employees or managers, such as their skills and experiences with a particular type of knowledge that need to be transferred . Jargon can be said as a negative term of various kinds such as the use of slang . Finally define it as a language characteristic used by a certain group.

people may not realize that they sometimes play with words when they are interacting wiyh other ordinarily, they manipulate language or even try to create new epressions. The definition of jargon in linguistic dictionary by Kridalaksana (1984:80) as follow: it means jargon is the unique vocabulary which used in such profesional. Such as the vocabularies used by car repairman, carpentry, language teacher etc and jargon often in comprehensible by particular profession.

2.4.3 Slang

Slang is consist of non standart words and phrases in a given language. Slang is usually used by some communities that just the members of the community who know the meaning. Usually, slang used to distinguish a group with other groups. Slang is not appropriate to apply in formal situation such as in school, university, office, etc.

According to Anderson and Trudgill (2003), slang is not language or dialect, it can be said as a code that produced by chaging the existing language to the common one. Every language has a vocabulary, pronounciation, and grammar,

(34)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

whereas slang has not. It just has vocabulary which is not profanity and ungrammatical.

2.4.4 Code switching and Code mixing

In daily communication, people frequently face language choice when they communicate with others. They usually choose what the appropriate language or variety should be spoken to the addresse that can be understand each other. Attardo (2000: 73-74) says that communication is not only transmission, it is rather an act of contruction. People need to know the context of the conversation and who the prticipants are to fully describe what is going on. Paradoxically, the interaction creates and also change the message. Thus, Holmes (1992:12) groups some factors or components that are relevant in any particular context that sometimes create and change the message they are:

1. The participants : - who is speaking? And Who are they speaking to?

2. The setting or social context of interaction: where are they speaking? 3. The function : why are they speaking?

Furthemore, Holmes (1992:12) also explains that there are four dimension related to the four components above : they are

1. A social distance scale concerned with the participant relationship. 2. A status scale concerned with the participants relationship.

3. A formality scale relating to the setting or type interaction. 4. Two fuctional scale relating to the purpose or topic of interaction.

(35)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

As we know that in communication, there are sometimes different participants who also have different social distance, status, formality, and fuctional scale that influence them in choosing code.

There are several reasons why people tend to switch code in communication. They are solidarity, social distance, participants in addition, code switching occurs since there are difficulities in finding the right words at the time of speaking and the speakers can agree on interpretation of switching or borrowing the words from another language to express a concept.

As stated by Saville-T and pascasio in Soehariyono (2003:8-9). The conversational function of code switchings divided into:

a. Qoutation

b. Adressee spesification c. Repetition

d. Interjection

e. Message qualification

f. Personalization and objectivization g. Facility of expression

2.5 Context

Verbal context refers to the text or speech surrounding an expression (word, sentence, or speech act). Verbal context influences the way an expression is understood; hence the norm of not citing people out of context. Since much contemporary linguistics takes texts, discourses, or conversations as the object of analysis, the modern study of verbal context takes place in terms of the analysis of

(36)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

discourse structures and their mutual relationships, for instance the coherence relation between sentences. Traditionally, in sociolinguistics, social contexts were defined in terms of objective social variables, such as those of class, gender, age or race. More recently, social contexts tend to be defined in terms of the social identity being construed and displayed in text and talk by language users. Influenced by space.It is quite a fact that the peoples speech reflects not only aspects of their identity such as their ethnicity, age, gender, and social backround, but it also reflects the contexts in which there are using the language (Holmes, 1992: 282). Thus, we may conclude that only a certain language i appropriate to be use in a certain context. As stressed by Holmes that the way people talk is influenced by the socil contet in wich there are talking (1992:01)

hymes (1962) in brown and yule (1983:37-38) states:

the use of linguistic form identifies a range of meaning. A context can support range of meanings. When a form is use in contexts, it eliminated the meaning posible to that contexts oher than those the form can signal: the contexts eliminate from consideration the meaning possible to the form other than those the contexts than support.

It means that language can not be separated by its context. Context feature definitely plays a great role to conversation or discourse. Since it may influence the meaning of words them selves.

2.6 IKAMABA organitation

IKAMABA is the regeneration container overseas students from Bangkalan in Surabaya. Ideally IKAMABA is able to embrace all overseas

(37)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

students from Bangkalan. IKAMABA established on May 21, 1997 at IAIN Surabaya by Mr. Syafi 'Rofi'i and friends of Bangkalan. IKAMABA have a special name for its members. Namely tretan/i proposed by Mr. Imam Nahrawi which now serves as the Minister of youth and Sports. Name Tretan/i came from Madura language that has meaning brothers and sisters.

IKAMABA also has a jargon "Je 'Loppah Maker Tretan". The jargon has two meanings. The first, the meaning of the jargon is do not forget to think your brother and sister. The second is do not forget to think. the reason of IKAMABA make such jargon to tighten brotherhood and differentiate it from other communities.

The habit of IKAMABA are reading, discussion and writing. because IKAMABA is a community of scholars who are able to develop its presence in the realm of education and politics. IKAMABA keeping track of developments in Indonesia and criticize what is happening in Indonesia. Because of that IKAMABA is able to say Bhe’ Dhirik (this is I am).

Basecamp IKAMABA located in Wonocolo. That all members were using language Bangkalan Madura. Bangkalan Madurese language is a language of Madura that could be called rude language class, because the district is in addition to Surabaya and far away from the district to use the language of Madura finest that is Sumenep. Usually members of the organization to use the language of Madura in IKAMABAto their daily lives when they are together. But, Bangkalan has several districts that have different dialects, vocab, accents and meanings in Madura language. And bangkalan use the variety of spoken by western areas.

(38)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

These assumptions make this study necessary to be conducted in order to desscribe the lexical differences in the bangkalan the geographical distribution of those lexical differences.

(39)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METODOLOGY

Research metodology is the important aspect of conducting the study or reseach. In this chapter, metodology of how to obtain and to analyze the data are presented. It consists of research design, subject of the study, procedure for data collection(e.g. instrument of the study and data collection technique) and data analyze technique.

3.1 Researh Design

Based on the theory mentioned in chapter 2, the writer applied a qualitative method. The qualitative method is descriptive information (descriptive something). As selinger and shohamy (Lisolleti, 2010), a descriptive qualitative is a description and phenomenon found during the process of study. From this study, the writer tried to describe of what he had paid attention related to the conversation in Whatsapp message group used by people IKAMABA organization. It included how they communicated with other members of IKAMABA organization emerged varieties such as register, jargon, slang and although swithched or mixed code which were used by member in ikamaba oganization. Every research needed some steps that were usually called by process. When we would do the qualitative research, we had to do some process such as understanding about the research problems and the complicities of the problem themself. The interaction and human are also being important focus when we wanted to analyze the problem in society.

(40)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

According to Litosseliti (2010), qualitative approaches are particularly valuable in providing in depth, rich data (p.31). Every method must have different advantages and weakness. In qualitative approach, the advantages could help the writers to do research deeper and got richer data to support the study.

Based on some descriptions about qualitative method above, the writer decided to use qualitative method in her research. It was because the writer thought that this method was suitable with her research. So that this research focused on the human language in society, so the qualitative method was suitable with this study.

3.2 Research Instrument

The main instrument of this research is the researcher becomes the key instrument who plays an important role in obtaining the result of the study. In this research, the instrument will be myself because actevily join the conversation and will be the only instrument that will collect and analyze the data.

3.3 Subject of the researcher

The subjects are all informants are all members of the organization IKAMABA, From their conversatio we can search the varieties madurese language in conversation which are used in whatsapp message group. To get some data from subjects, the writer prepared list of personal question which needed to reveal her research problems.

(41)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

The writer collected the data in their conversation chat goup in whatsapp aplication. It usually happened at24-hour. The writer choosed the conversation in chat and analized it.

3.4 Data and Data Source

The data of research used instrument which could help to get the data, here the writer used screenshot. The researcher was choosing the conversation in whatsapp message group. IKAMABA whatsapp group has 142 member, these member interact each other. In these group, the member of ikamaba gave some information, sharing, and joke.

(42)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

3.5 Data collection

In this study, the writer took the data from conversation member of IKAMABA who did the conversation in Madurese language on whatsapp message group. She screenshat the chat from the conversation member of ikamaba with mobile phone and save it in laptop.

The writer used whatsapp as the main source to collect the data, and this step has been done. The first step is opening the whatsapp aplication in mobile phone. Second searching the whatsapp message group in whatsapp aplication. Third taking the screenshot chat in whatsapp group. Fourth categorizing the chat into fifth categories based on the varieties of language.

(43)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

3.6 Data analysis

In this part, I explain the steps one by one to analyze the data.

First, the writer identified the language variety used in message whatsapp group. They are jargon, register, code mixing, slang, and the last the social context. Second, the writer classified the data according to each type of language varieties language features by giving coding, in order to make it easy to find when the writer needed some of them as the examples of analysis. Third, the writer tabulated the data into five parts jargon, register, code mixing, slang and the last the social context occurs in the data. After classified and tabulated the corpuses of all items, then the finally the writer analyzed them in accordance with the theory stated chapter two.

(44)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

35 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This data analysis describes the variation of language employed by conversation member IKAMABA SURABAYA on whatsapp messages group in the form of words and sentences. The analysis of language variation in IKAMABA whatssap messanges group by member IKAMABA is delivered into five parts; register, jargon, slang, code mixing and social context. In the last part, the writer desiphered the results.

4.1 Language varieties Used by member IKAMABA organization in whatsapp messages group.

Language is the primary tool for communication purposes; for establishing peace and order in society, for showing authority and power, and for attaining goals and objectives. But, it can also destruct the society if it is used in inappropriately Society. However, controls the language by giving preferences as what are acceptable and not is because each one of community has its own perception or point of view.

Certain group of people may accept language, but for others, it could be kind of offence or insult. In other words, language has to be appropriate to the society and also match into particular occasion and situation.

(45)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

4.1.1 Register

A variation of language which a group of specialist often develop to talk about their specially. It could be described an occupational style (Holmes, 1992:276). It means register is variant of language used in the particular jobs communities to describe the specific vocabulary associated with different occupational group or social group. The writer found the answer of the first statement of problem in this study, there are 8 registers used by member IKAMABA on whatsapp messages group.

The unique vocabularies of some occupations are usually known only by people who use the word. In other word, the are can also have their own form of specialized language. Which are learned by all those who take up a particular job. It contains vocabulary, pronounciation, and phrasecology which are differentiated from another.

The registers which are used by member IKAMABA in whatsapp message group. The are ngopi, toron/ongge, nyeddeh and the last bhuk tuan.

Table 4.1 : Register

Ngopi Smart chat

Toron/ogge Down / up

Nyeddeh Fall asleep

(46)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

Those special terms may be called as consultative register. They were usually employed in IKAMABA whatsapp messages group which did diologue between one member to another member. In other words, the special terms which were used by member, generally related to the activities of the member communicating members.

Finally, the conversation related to the the register mentioned above can be seen in conversation no 1 – 4. The conversation function as the context in which the register are used.

1. Data 1 (the use of register ‘ngopi’)

The term of ‘ngopi’ in the communication above indicated that A junior wants to invite his senior "coffee" (smart chat). Then, it is different from the meaning of "coffee" in original meaning (copying the file and coffe in the coffe shop.

(1)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

65

People in work place or such kind of institution generally have their own

variety relating to the institutional activities they are working on, such as member

in IKAMABA, they also have their own variety. As stressed by Allen and Corder

(1980:169) that particular occupation can also have their own form of specialized

language which is learned by all those who take up particular job.

Here, IKAMABA is one sample of organization which use the special

terms based on the activities such as college student when doing communication

process among them. The communication among them is usually called dialectic.

The special terms that used by member IKAMABA in IKAMABA

whatsapp messages group comes from Madurese language. Holmes (1992:282)

added that people’

s speech reflects the context in which they use a language. Thus

only a certain language is appropriate to be used in a certain context.

In line with statement above, it is quite reasonable that conversation in

IKAMABA whatsapp messages group. How the member conversation with

another member in IKAMABA whatsapp messages group.

Code mixing and migh also emerge frequently during the communication

process occurs in conversation in IKAMABA whatsapp messages group. The code

choice which used in the conversation in whatsapp messages group come from

Madurese language, and Indonesian. Holmes (1992:23) stated that there are some

factors which may influence the code choice, one of them is participants or

(2)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

66

And the last in IKAMABA organization, in every conversation it must

have different social contexts eg conversations between senior to senior, junior to

(3)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

67

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter presents conlusion and suggestion dealing with findings of the

analysis. It concludes the findings that are discusses in the previous chapter and

provides the suggestion for the readers.

5.1 Summary

This last chapter contains conclusion of what have been discussed in the

chapter four and the last finding of the research.

It is quite a fact that each community or group has special terms which are

used by everyone who take up community such as institution, organization and

work place.

IKAMABA organization had a special terms which were used by everyone

who were involved in it. The conversation between one member one to another

member in IKAMABA whatsapp messages group aroused language varieties. The

register which were used they were ngopi, toron/ongge, nyeddeh, buk toan and the

jargons used there were

tretan/tretani, KMI, jhe’ loppa mekker tretan,

PRESMATA, Tretan pena, Kuil sakti 17, KLF, SENSASI, IAK, Sunior and the

slang used there which are

syuuut, masyuuuk, Hajar, Ajet, Bu’ul, Ampun senior,

Roti obber, Cuuy, Kakaks, Sabarono, Kaum sufi, Wallopen, Syuud, Adiks, Sunior,

Akarkar, Jaga foto. Furthemore, the member of IKAMABA organization some

times also switched codes during their conversation. The kinds of code mixing

(4)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

68

which were Madurese language

–

indonesian language, Indonesian

language-medurese language in alos level,

madurese langugae in lomra level

–

indonesian

language, madurese language in alos level

–

madure

se language in tengga’an level.

Here the social context has an important role to describe what the intended

meaning of varieties which are used by member of IKAMABA in IKAMABA

whatsapp messages group. They were several context that influenced in choosing

the terms.

5.2 Suggestion

-There are still many aspects in language which have not been revealed, it would

also be better if there are studies about other varieties which are used by other

(5)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

REFERENCES

Akmajian, D, F, H 1997.

Liguistic: An introduction To Language and

Communication. London, England: The MII press.

Allen, JPB and S Pitt, C.1980. Language and language learning : The edinburgh

Course In apphed Linguistics. Oxford University Press.

Ammor, N. 2011-2012. A Sociolinguistic Investigation of Language Variation in

the Speech Community of Nedroma. Algeria. University of Tlemcen

Attardo, S & B , Steve, 2000. Understanding language structure, interaction and

variation. USA: The University of Michigan Press.

Astuti, W. 2013.

Language Attitudes Toward Writen Alay Variety in Facebook

Interaction. Indonesia University of Education.

Azhar, I, 2010. Jejak protabahasa Austronesia Pada Bahasa madura.

Baron, N. S. 2008.

Always On: Language in an Online and Mobile World. New

York: Oxford University Press

Bridget, L. J 2013. A Variationist Approach to Cross-Register Language

Variation and Change. University of Toronto

Brown, G and Yule, G. 1984. Discourse analysis. Cambridge university Press.

Crystal, D. 2011.

Internet Linguistics: A Student Guide. London & New York:

Routledge

Danet, B. 2001.

Cyberpl@y: Communicating Online. Oxford & New York:

BERG.

Fromkin, V, B, D & Collin, P. 1999.

An introduction to language. Sydney :

Harcourt.

Holmes, J. 1992. An Introduction to sociolinguistic. New York. Longman Group.

Holt, R. 2004. Dialogue On the Internet: Language, Civic Identity, and Computer

mediated Communication Civic Discourse for the Third Millennium.

London: Greenwood Publishing Group.

(6)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id