S ING 1106269 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF APPROVAL .................................................................................... i
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ......................................................... ii
PREFACE .......................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................ iv
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................. vi
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ ix
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Statements of Problems ........................................................................... 4
1.3 Aims of the Study ................................................................................... 4
1.4 Scope of the Study .................................................................................. 4
1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 5
1.6 Research Method..................................................................................... 5
1.7 Clarification of Terms ............................................................................. 6
1.8 Organization of the Paper........................................................................ 7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................ 9
2.1 Multimodality.......................................................................................... 9
2.2 Visual Grammar ...................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Representational Meaning ........................................................... 11
2.2.1.1 Narrative Process........................................................... 12
2.2.1.2 Conceptual Process ....................................................... 14
2.2.2 Interactive Meaning ..................................................................... 16
2.2.3 Compositional Meaning .............................................................. 21
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3 Facial Expressions and Emotions ........................................................... 24
2.4 Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) ................................................... 25
2.4.1 Transitivity .................................................................................. 25
2.4.1.1 Material Process ............................................................ 26
2.4.1.2 Mental Process .............................................................. 27
2.4.1.3 Behavioural Process ...................................................... 28
2.4.1.4 Verbal Process ............................................................... 28
2.4.1.5 Relational Process ......................................................... 29
2.4.1.6 Existential Process......................................................... 29
2.5 Representation ......................................................................................... 30
2.6 Memes ..................................................................................................... 31
2.6.1 Internet Memes ............................................................................ 32
2.7 9GAG (9gag.com) ................................................................................... 34
2.8 Previous Studies ...................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................... 38
3.1 Formulation of Problems ........................................................................ 38
3.2 Research Design ...................................................................................... 38
3.3 Data Collection ....................................................................................... 39
3.4 Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 40
3.5 Sample of Data Analysis ......................................................................... 42
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ............................................ 45
4.1 Findings ................................................................................................... 45
4.1.1 Visual and Verbal Modes Analyses ............................................ 45
4.1.1.1 Meme 1: Being Single is Miserable .............................. 46
4.1.1.2 Meme 2: Being Single is Disappointing ....................... 47
4.1.1.3 Meme 3: Being Single Means Having Extra Money .... 49
4.1.1.4 Meme 4: Being Single is not My Choice ...................... 51
4.1.1.5 Meme 5: Being Single is Despairing............................. 53
4.1.1.6 Meme 6: Being Single is Relieving............................... 54
4.1.1.7 Meme 7: Being Single Makes You “Strong” ................ 56
4.1.1.8 Meme 8: Being Single is about Doing Housework by
Yourself ......................................................................... 58
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.1.9 Meme 9: Being Single is Ironically Strong ................... 60
4.1.1.10 Meme 10: Being Single is Pathetic ............................... 62
4.1.2
The Meaning Behind the Representations .................................. 63
4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................... 64
CHAPTER V CONLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ..................................... 70
5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 70
5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................. 71
REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 72
APPENDICES
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PAGE OF APPROVAL .................................................................................... i
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ......................................................... ii
PREFACE .......................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................ iv
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................. vi
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ ix
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Statements of Problems ........................................................................... 4
1.3 Aims of the Study ................................................................................... 4
1.4 Scope of the Study .................................................................................. 4
1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 5
1.6 Research Method..................................................................................... 5
1.7 Clarification of Terms ............................................................................. 6
1.8 Organization of the Paper........................................................................ 7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................ 9
2.1 Multimodality.......................................................................................... 9
2.2 Visual Grammar ...................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Representational Meaning ........................................................... 11
2.2.1.1 Narrative Process........................................................... 12
2.2.1.2 Conceptual Process ....................................................... 14
2.2.2 Interactive Meaning ..................................................................... 16
2.2.3 Compositional Meaning .............................................................. 21
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3 Facial Expressions and Emotions ........................................................... 24
2.4 Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) ................................................... 25
2.4.1 Transitivity .................................................................................. 25
2.4.1.1 Material Process ............................................................ 26
2.4.1.2 Mental Process .............................................................. 27
2.4.1.3 Behavioural Process ...................................................... 28
2.4.1.4 Verbal Process ............................................................... 28
2.4.1.5 Relational Process ......................................................... 29
2.4.1.6 Existential Process......................................................... 29
2.5 Representation ......................................................................................... 30
2.6 Memes ..................................................................................................... 31
2.6.1 Internet Memes ............................................................................ 32
2.7 9GAG (9gag.com) ................................................................................... 34
2.8 Previous Studies ...................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................... 38
3.1 Formulation of Problems ........................................................................ 38
3.2 Research Design ...................................................................................... 38
3.3 Data Collection ....................................................................................... 39
3.4 Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 40
3.5 Sample of Data Analysis ......................................................................... 42
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ............................................ 45
4.1 Findings ................................................................................................... 45
4.1.1 Visual and Verbal Modes Analyses ............................................ 45
4.1.1.1 Meme 1: Being Single is Miserable .............................. 46
4.1.1.2 Meme 2: Being Single is Disappointing ....................... 47
4.1.1.3 Meme 3: Being Single Means Having Extra Money .... 49
4.1.1.4 Meme 4: Being Single is not My Choice ...................... 51
4.1.1.5 Meme 5: Being Single is Despairing............................. 53
4.1.1.6 Meme 6: Being Single is Relieving............................... 54
4.1.1.7 Meme 7: Being Single Makes You “Strong” ................ 56
4.1.1.8 Meme 8: Being Single is about Doing Housework by
Yourself ......................................................................... 58
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.1.9 Meme 9: Being Single is Ironically Strong ................... 60
4.1.1.10 Meme 10: Being Single is Pathetic ............................... 62
4.1.2
The Meaning Behind the Representations .................................. 63
4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................... 64
CHAPTER V CONLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ..................................... 70
5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 70
5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................. 71
REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 72
APPENDICES
Santi Trisnawati, 2016
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF BEING SINGLE IN SELECTED 9GAG MEMES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu