Staff Site Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
B IB L IO T H E R A P Y
By: EV A IM A N II A ELIASA,M.Pd
L a ta r b e la k a n g D E F IIN
N I S I …… .
•• A d a l a h s e b u a h t h e r a p i e k s p r e s i f y a n g d i d a l a m n y a
te rd a p a t h u b u n g a n in d iv id u d e n g a n is i/in tis a ri b u k u d a n
p u is i d a n tu lis a n la in s e b a g aa i s e b u a h t h e r a p i
•• A d a l a h s e b u a h k o n s e p t u a d a l a m i l m u p e r p u s t a k a a n . D i
U S A s u d a h le b ih d a r i 1 0 0 ta hh u n y a n g l a l u
didokumentasikan
•• P a d a d a s a r n y a m e r u p a k a n p e n y e l e k s i a n b a h a n b a c a a n
u n tu k s e o ra n g k lie n y a n g s a n g a t r e le v a n d e n g a n s itu a s i
lin g k u n g a n h id u p n y a (w w w .w i k i p e d i a )
•• A t a u d i s e b u t j u g a t h e r a p i m e m b a c a , y a i t u
s e b u a h th e ra p i y a n g d id a la m n y a s e o r a n g y a n g
m e n g a la m i m a s a la h d e p r e s i d im in ta m e m b a c a
buku-b u k u b e r s i f a t m e m b a n t u d i r i n y a d a n
m o tiv a s io n a l a g a r m e m p e r c e p a t p e n y e m b u h a n
(www.holisticonline.com))
•• S e b u a h t e k n i k k e k e l u a r g a a n y a n g m e m b e n t u k
s tru k tu r in te ra k s i a n ta ra f a s i l i t a t o r d e n g a n
s e o ra n g p a rtic ip a n t d e n g a n b e r d a s a r k a n p a d a
s a lin g b e r b a g i lite r a tu r y aa nn g b e r m u t u
(Pardeck, dalam Eric Digee s t )
Hasil penelitian :
1 .B e b e r a p a k lin ik d i A m e r i k a p e r n a h m e n c o b a
te k n ik in i d a n m e n u n ju k kk aa n b a h w a
b ib lio th e ra p i d a p a t m e m b e r ik a n d a m p a k y a n g
b is a d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n t h e r a p i o b a t a t a u
p s ik o th e r a p i.M e r e k a le b i h c e p a t s e m b u h d a r i
d e p re s i d a rip a d a d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n th e r a p i
y a n g k o n v e n s io n a l.M e r e k a te r lih a t h id u p le b ih
baik
L a n ju ta nn …
…
2 .R i o r d a n a n d W i l s o n m e n yy e b u t k a n b a h w a
a k ib a t d a ri b ib lio th e ra p i d ite m u k a n s e b a g ia n
b e s a r p e n e litia n m e n u n ju k k a n e f ik a s i/tin g k a t
k e m a n ju ra n b ib lio th e ra p i s e b a g i b a g i a n d a r i
t r e a t m e n t u n t u k m e n y e l e ss a i k a n m a s a l a h
•• B a h w a b ib lio th e r a p i s e c aa rr a u m u m m
m e m p e rlih a tk a n k e s u k s e s a n s e b a g a i s e b u a h
therapi tambahan
3 .S te p h a n ie A .N u g e n t m e n ee l i t i d a m p a k
bibliotherapi dalam self-cconcept bagi pelajar
y a n g b e r b a k a t.A d a n y a h uu bb u n g a n y a n g
s ig n ifik a n a n ta ra p e m b e n tt u k a n s e l f -concept
d e n g a n b ib lio th e ra p i. M e r e k a d i i n s t r u k s i k a n
d e n g a n tk e n ik b ib lio th e r a p e u t i c , k e m u d i a n
d e n g a n te k n ik d is k u s i b ib lio th e r a p e u tic h h a r u s
d ip e r tim b a n g k a n s e b u a h pp i l i h a n y a n g
b e r s e m a n g a t / h i d u p d a l a mm m e n g g a b u n g k a n
d e n g a n m e t o d o l o g i p a d a aa n a k b e r b a k a t
B ib lio th e ra p y d a p a t d ilaa k u k a n
dengan 2 cara :
1. C o m p l e m e n t a r y T h e r a p y , y a i t u t h e r a p i s d a p a t
m e n u n ju k k a n s e b u a h b u k u u n tu k m e m b a n tu k lie n
s e h i n g g a d i b a c a d i a n t a r a jjee dd a t e r a p i u n t u k
m em p ercep at p em ah am an d a n p e n y e m b u h a n
2. Stand-A l o n e T h e r a p y , y a i t u i n d i v i d u y a n g
m e n g a la m i d e p re s i a ta u k e ta k u ta n d a p a t d ib e r ik a n
b u k u y a n g m e m b a n tu d irin y a u n tu k d ib a c a s e b a g a i
la n g k a h p e n g a tu ra n d irin y a ta n p a th e r a p i o b a t a ta u
psikotherapi
… C o n to h C o m p le m e n ta ry T h e ra p y :
•• T a h u n 1 9 9 4 , s e k i t a r 5 0 0 o r a n g a h l i k e s e h a t a n
m e n ta l m e n y e b u tk a n b a h ww a m e r e k a
m e m in ta /m e n u n ju k k a n b u k u k e p a d a p a s i e n
u n t u k d i b a c a d i a n t a r a j e dd a t h e r a p i u u n t u k
m e m p e r c e p a t p e n y e m b u hh aa n . 7 0 % d a r i
t h e r a p i s m e n g i n d i k a s i k a nn b a h w a m e r e k a
m e n g g u n a k a n b ib lio th e r a p i p a d a p a s i e n n y a
d a n 8 6 % n y a d ila p o r k a n bb aa h w a b u k u -buku itu
membantu para pasiennya.
…… C o n to h S ttaa n d -Alone Therapy :
•• D r .F o r r e s t S c o g i n d a r i U n i v ee r s i t y o f A l a b a m a
m e n g e m u k a k a n e fe k tiv ita s b ib lio th e r a p i s e c a r a u tu h
dalam mengevaluasi buku –– buku
b
terkemuka. Para
p e n e l i t i m e n i l a i e f e k t i v i t a s bb uu k u d a r i D r . D a v i d
B u r n s b e r ju d u l ““ F e e l i n g G o oo d ”” s a m a b u k u n y a
D r .P e t e r L e w i n s o h n b e r ju d uu l ““ C o n t r o l Y o u r
D e p r e s s io n ”” s e b a g a i tr e a tm ee nn t u n t u k s e l f a d m in is tra s i b a g i p a ra d e p re s i. H a s iln y a b a h w a b u k u
F e e lin g G o o d s a m a e fe k tin y a d e n g a n p s ik o th e r a p i
i n d i v i d u a l s e c a r a p e n u h a t a uu s e b a g a i t r e a t m e n t
d en g an o b at an tid ep resi y an gg t e r b a i k
Kapan Bibliotherapi digunakan?
B ib lio th e ra p e u tic d a p a t d ia m b il d e n g a n la ta r b e la k a n g
masalah :
ü
ü
üü
üü
üü
üü
üü
Untuk mengembangkan sebuah sell f -concept individu
U n tu k m e n in g k a tk a n p e m a h a m a n tin g k a h la k u a ta u m o tiv a s i d ir i
Untuk membentuk kejujuran diri
U n tu k m e n u n ju k k a n ja la n m e n e m u k a n ja tid ir i d a n m in a t la in
U n tu k k etah an an em o si d an tek an aa n m e n t a l
U ntuk m enunjukan bahw a dia bukaa n s a t u -satunya orang yang
mempunyai masalah
ü U n tu k m e n u n ju k k a n b a h w a le b ih d a r i s a tu d a la m p e m e c a h a n
ü
masalah
üü U n tu k m e n o lo n g s e s e o r a n g d e n g aa nn d i s k u s i m a s a l a h
üü U n t u k m e m b a n t u m e r e n c a n a k a n s e b u a h l a n g k a h k e r j a d a l a m
menyelesaikan masalah
Bibliotherapi hendaknn y a
•• Harus menghasilkan hal-hhal
a l ynag substansial dan
antidepresi yang tahan lama
•• D a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n e f e k k e r j a s e c a r a s i g n i f i k a n
•• T i d a k h a n y a s e b a g a i a n t i d e pp r e s i b a g i i n d i v i d u
n a m u n d ih a ra p k a n s e b a g a i p e r a n p e n d i d i k a n b a g i
m a sy a ra k a t d a n p ro g ra m p e n c e g a h a n d a la m d e p re s i
•• D a p a t d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n t h e r a p i a n t i d e p r e s i ,
c o g n o t i f b e h a v i o o r a l t h e r a p yy a t a u i n t e r p e r s o n a l
therapy
S ia p a y a n g d a p a t m e n g ee n d a l i k a n
Bibliotherapi?
•• A d a n y a k e r ja s a m a a n ta r aa g u r u k e l a s ,
pustakaw an, konselor sekoo l a h ,
t h e r a p i s , p s i k o l o g d a l a m mm e n g k o l a b o r a s i ,
k a re n a b a g a im a n a p u n s e o r a n g p r a k tis i h a r u s
in g a t b a h w a tid a k h a n y a r e k o m e n d a s i b u k u
b a g i in d iv id u , n a m u n d ib uu t u h k a n
p e rtim b a n g a n y a n g m a ta n g u n t u k a k s i d a n
p e re n c a n a a n y a n g p e n u h pp e m i k i r a n
HAL-H A L Y A N G H A R U S D I P E R H A T I K A N
S E B E L U M M E L A K U K A N BB I B L I O T H E R A P Y :
•• K o n s e l o r h a r u s m e n g e n a l d a n m e n g u a s a i b a c a a n ,
sekaligus siapa konselinya
•• K e g i a t a n m e m b a c a l e b i h d i a n j u r k a n d a r i p a d a t u g a s ,
s e h in g g a p r o s e s th e r a p i d a p aa t b e r l a n g s u n g
menyenangkan tanpa paksaan
•• M e n c a r i s a a t y a n g t e p a t u n t u k m e n a w a r k a n p a d a
k o n s e li d a la m k o n d is i te g a n g a n y a n g p a lin g r in g a n ,
h a r u s d is e r ta i d e n g a n p r o s e ss bb i m b i n g a n d a n
berkesinambungan
•• A d a n y a d i a l o g a n t a r a k o n s e l o t d e n g a n k o n s e l i
m e n g e n a i h a s i l b a c a a n n yy a , j a n g a n s a m p a i
salah tafsir
•• B a c a a n y a n g te r s e d ia h a rr uu s m e n a r i k
D a s a r B i b l i o th e r a p i a d a la h m e m fo rm u la s ik a n
a n ta r a p e r s o n a lita s d e n g a n p e n g a la m a n a ta u
p e n g o rb a n a n o ra n g la in u n tu k o ra n g la in
(vicarious)
By: EV A IM A N II A ELIASA,M.Pd
L a ta r b e la k a n g D E F IIN
N I S I …… .
•• A d a l a h s e b u a h t h e r a p i e k s p r e s i f y a n g d i d a l a m n y a
te rd a p a t h u b u n g a n in d iv id u d e n g a n is i/in tis a ri b u k u d a n
p u is i d a n tu lis a n la in s e b a g aa i s e b u a h t h e r a p i
•• A d a l a h s e b u a h k o n s e p t u a d a l a m i l m u p e r p u s t a k a a n . D i
U S A s u d a h le b ih d a r i 1 0 0 ta hh u n y a n g l a l u
didokumentasikan
•• P a d a d a s a r n y a m e r u p a k a n p e n y e l e k s i a n b a h a n b a c a a n
u n tu k s e o ra n g k lie n y a n g s a n g a t r e le v a n d e n g a n s itu a s i
lin g k u n g a n h id u p n y a (w w w .w i k i p e d i a )
•• A t a u d i s e b u t j u g a t h e r a p i m e m b a c a , y a i t u
s e b u a h th e ra p i y a n g d id a la m n y a s e o r a n g y a n g
m e n g a la m i m a s a la h d e p r e s i d im in ta m e m b a c a
buku-b u k u b e r s i f a t m e m b a n t u d i r i n y a d a n
m o tiv a s io n a l a g a r m e m p e r c e p a t p e n y e m b u h a n
(www.holisticonline.com))
•• S e b u a h t e k n i k k e k e l u a r g a a n y a n g m e m b e n t u k
s tru k tu r in te ra k s i a n ta ra f a s i l i t a t o r d e n g a n
s e o ra n g p a rtic ip a n t d e n g a n b e r d a s a r k a n p a d a
s a lin g b e r b a g i lite r a tu r y aa nn g b e r m u t u
(Pardeck, dalam Eric Digee s t )
Hasil penelitian :
1 .B e b e r a p a k lin ik d i A m e r i k a p e r n a h m e n c o b a
te k n ik in i d a n m e n u n ju k kk aa n b a h w a
b ib lio th e ra p i d a p a t m e m b e r ik a n d a m p a k y a n g
b is a d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n t h e r a p i o b a t a t a u
p s ik o th e r a p i.M e r e k a le b i h c e p a t s e m b u h d a r i
d e p re s i d a rip a d a d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n th e r a p i
y a n g k o n v e n s io n a l.M e r e k a te r lih a t h id u p le b ih
baik
L a n ju ta nn …
…
2 .R i o r d a n a n d W i l s o n m e n yy e b u t k a n b a h w a
a k ib a t d a ri b ib lio th e ra p i d ite m u k a n s e b a g ia n
b e s a r p e n e litia n m e n u n ju k k a n e f ik a s i/tin g k a t
k e m a n ju ra n b ib lio th e ra p i s e b a g i b a g i a n d a r i
t r e a t m e n t u n t u k m e n y e l e ss a i k a n m a s a l a h
•• B a h w a b ib lio th e r a p i s e c aa rr a u m u m m
m e m p e rlih a tk a n k e s u k s e s a n s e b a g a i s e b u a h
therapi tambahan
3 .S te p h a n ie A .N u g e n t m e n ee l i t i d a m p a k
bibliotherapi dalam self-cconcept bagi pelajar
y a n g b e r b a k a t.A d a n y a h uu bb u n g a n y a n g
s ig n ifik a n a n ta ra p e m b e n tt u k a n s e l f -concept
d e n g a n b ib lio th e ra p i. M e r e k a d i i n s t r u k s i k a n
d e n g a n tk e n ik b ib lio th e r a p e u t i c , k e m u d i a n
d e n g a n te k n ik d is k u s i b ib lio th e r a p e u tic h h a r u s
d ip e r tim b a n g k a n s e b u a h pp i l i h a n y a n g
b e r s e m a n g a t / h i d u p d a l a mm m e n g g a b u n g k a n
d e n g a n m e t o d o l o g i p a d a aa n a k b e r b a k a t
B ib lio th e ra p y d a p a t d ilaa k u k a n
dengan 2 cara :
1. C o m p l e m e n t a r y T h e r a p y , y a i t u t h e r a p i s d a p a t
m e n u n ju k k a n s e b u a h b u k u u n tu k m e m b a n tu k lie n
s e h i n g g a d i b a c a d i a n t a r a jjee dd a t e r a p i u n t u k
m em p ercep at p em ah am an d a n p e n y e m b u h a n
2. Stand-A l o n e T h e r a p y , y a i t u i n d i v i d u y a n g
m e n g a la m i d e p re s i a ta u k e ta k u ta n d a p a t d ib e r ik a n
b u k u y a n g m e m b a n tu d irin y a u n tu k d ib a c a s e b a g a i
la n g k a h p e n g a tu ra n d irin y a ta n p a th e r a p i o b a t a ta u
psikotherapi
… C o n to h C o m p le m e n ta ry T h e ra p y :
•• T a h u n 1 9 9 4 , s e k i t a r 5 0 0 o r a n g a h l i k e s e h a t a n
m e n ta l m e n y e b u tk a n b a h ww a m e r e k a
m e m in ta /m e n u n ju k k a n b u k u k e p a d a p a s i e n
u n t u k d i b a c a d i a n t a r a j e dd a t h e r a p i u u n t u k
m e m p e r c e p a t p e n y e m b u hh aa n . 7 0 % d a r i
t h e r a p i s m e n g i n d i k a s i k a nn b a h w a m e r e k a
m e n g g u n a k a n b ib lio th e r a p i p a d a p a s i e n n y a
d a n 8 6 % n y a d ila p o r k a n bb aa h w a b u k u -buku itu
membantu para pasiennya.
…… C o n to h S ttaa n d -Alone Therapy :
•• D r .F o r r e s t S c o g i n d a r i U n i v ee r s i t y o f A l a b a m a
m e n g e m u k a k a n e fe k tiv ita s b ib lio th e r a p i s e c a r a u tu h
dalam mengevaluasi buku –– buku
b
terkemuka. Para
p e n e l i t i m e n i l a i e f e k t i v i t a s bb uu k u d a r i D r . D a v i d
B u r n s b e r ju d u l ““ F e e l i n g G o oo d ”” s a m a b u k u n y a
D r .P e t e r L e w i n s o h n b e r ju d uu l ““ C o n t r o l Y o u r
D e p r e s s io n ”” s e b a g a i tr e a tm ee nn t u n t u k s e l f a d m in is tra s i b a g i p a ra d e p re s i. H a s iln y a b a h w a b u k u
F e e lin g G o o d s a m a e fe k tin y a d e n g a n p s ik o th e r a p i
i n d i v i d u a l s e c a r a p e n u h a t a uu s e b a g a i t r e a t m e n t
d en g an o b at an tid ep resi y an gg t e r b a i k
Kapan Bibliotherapi digunakan?
B ib lio th e ra p e u tic d a p a t d ia m b il d e n g a n la ta r b e la k a n g
masalah :
ü
ü
üü
üü
üü
üü
üü
Untuk mengembangkan sebuah sell f -concept individu
U n tu k m e n in g k a tk a n p e m a h a m a n tin g k a h la k u a ta u m o tiv a s i d ir i
Untuk membentuk kejujuran diri
U n tu k m e n u n ju k k a n ja la n m e n e m u k a n ja tid ir i d a n m in a t la in
U n tu k k etah an an em o si d an tek an aa n m e n t a l
U ntuk m enunjukan bahw a dia bukaa n s a t u -satunya orang yang
mempunyai masalah
ü U n tu k m e n u n ju k k a n b a h w a le b ih d a r i s a tu d a la m p e m e c a h a n
ü
masalah
üü U n tu k m e n o lo n g s e s e o r a n g d e n g aa nn d i s k u s i m a s a l a h
üü U n t u k m e m b a n t u m e r e n c a n a k a n s e b u a h l a n g k a h k e r j a d a l a m
menyelesaikan masalah
Bibliotherapi hendaknn y a
•• Harus menghasilkan hal-hhal
a l ynag substansial dan
antidepresi yang tahan lama
•• D a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n e f e k k e r j a s e c a r a s i g n i f i k a n
•• T i d a k h a n y a s e b a g a i a n t i d e pp r e s i b a g i i n d i v i d u
n a m u n d ih a ra p k a n s e b a g a i p e r a n p e n d i d i k a n b a g i
m a sy a ra k a t d a n p ro g ra m p e n c e g a h a n d a la m d e p re s i
•• D a p a t d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n t h e r a p i a n t i d e p r e s i ,
c o g n o t i f b e h a v i o o r a l t h e r a p yy a t a u i n t e r p e r s o n a l
therapy
S ia p a y a n g d a p a t m e n g ee n d a l i k a n
Bibliotherapi?
•• A d a n y a k e r ja s a m a a n ta r aa g u r u k e l a s ,
pustakaw an, konselor sekoo l a h ,
t h e r a p i s , p s i k o l o g d a l a m mm e n g k o l a b o r a s i ,
k a re n a b a g a im a n a p u n s e o r a n g p r a k tis i h a r u s
in g a t b a h w a tid a k h a n y a r e k o m e n d a s i b u k u
b a g i in d iv id u , n a m u n d ib uu t u h k a n
p e rtim b a n g a n y a n g m a ta n g u n t u k a k s i d a n
p e re n c a n a a n y a n g p e n u h pp e m i k i r a n
HAL-H A L Y A N G H A R U S D I P E R H A T I K A N
S E B E L U M M E L A K U K A N BB I B L I O T H E R A P Y :
•• K o n s e l o r h a r u s m e n g e n a l d a n m e n g u a s a i b a c a a n ,
sekaligus siapa konselinya
•• K e g i a t a n m e m b a c a l e b i h d i a n j u r k a n d a r i p a d a t u g a s ,
s e h in g g a p r o s e s th e r a p i d a p aa t b e r l a n g s u n g
menyenangkan tanpa paksaan
•• M e n c a r i s a a t y a n g t e p a t u n t u k m e n a w a r k a n p a d a
k o n s e li d a la m k o n d is i te g a n g a n y a n g p a lin g r in g a n ,
h a r u s d is e r ta i d e n g a n p r o s e ss bb i m b i n g a n d a n
berkesinambungan
•• A d a n y a d i a l o g a n t a r a k o n s e l o t d e n g a n k o n s e l i
m e n g e n a i h a s i l b a c a a n n yy a , j a n g a n s a m p a i
salah tafsir
•• B a c a a n y a n g te r s e d ia h a rr uu s m e n a r i k
D a s a r B i b l i o th e r a p i a d a la h m e m fo rm u la s ik a n
a n ta r a p e r s o n a lita s d e n g a n p e n g a la m a n a ta u
p e n g o rb a n a n o ra n g la in u n tu k o ra n g la in
(vicarious)