INTRODUCTION Murder reflected in robert galbraith’s the cuckoo’s calling (2013: A psychoanalytic approach.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study
Nowadays, the progress of the modern society grows rapidly. Most
societies, from ancient to modern life have considered murder a very serious
crime deserving harsh punishment for purpose of retribution, deterrence,
rehabilitation or incapacitation. People have many problems in their life. In
life, there are so the reasons why murder has been criminalized, including its
costs to society as well as being considered intrinsically wrong because it
violates a right to life or is oppressive, murder may be costly to society by
undermining law and order.
The criminal code of 1961 in Samaha (2010: 331) defines murder as
a person who kills an individual without lawful justification. It knows that
such acts create a strong probability of death or great bodily harm to that
individual. As murder in California Penal Code 187, is defined as “The
unlawful killing of a human being or fetus with malice aforethought. The
crime of killing anyone intentionally or unintentionally by the murder. The
state of mind may depend upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder other
forms
of
unlawful
homicide
such
as
manslaughter.
(http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/calawquery?codesection=pen).
Robbery, jealously and vengeance are the three motives responsible
for nearly all murders. According to Dow (1985:74) The felony murder
applies when death occurs during the commission or attempted commission
of any of the aforementioned common law crimes course, that the death was
the proximate result of the unlawful behavior.
Literature is strongly influenced by human life because it appears
from an author who lives as human being. According to Bressler (1986: 12)
“Literature is simply a written work that contains certain qualities to a
definition that must include the dynamic relationship of the actual text and the
reader”. Literature represents some of directions taken to understand the
1
2
complexity of human behavior and of human nature. Literary work reflects a
description of this human life with its various problems, expressing of the
author’s problem and giving more knowledge to understand the value of life.
Human life is one of the most interesting topics to discuss because life
experiences always develop as fact as the time goes on. In the real life
sometimes not all human necessities are completely achieved. Human
necessities do not only make trouble for living circles, but also affect their
mind and behavior.
The writer uses a psychoanalytic theory which is proposed by
Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic approach studies personality of human
beings. It gives understand to us from the point of view of our unconscious
and early childhood experiences. Sigmud Freud states that mental process of
individual that has three systems, the id, ego and superego. These system are
related each other in order to organize human behavior.
The Cuckoo’s Calling tells about a trouble supermodel who falls to
her death from the balcony of her home, it is assumed that she has committed
siucide. Her brother has his doubts and calls private investigator. Cormoran
Strike to investigate, an exmilitary in Afgahanistan. He is hired by John
Bristow, the adopted brother of a famous supermodel’s Lula Landry, the
bronze-skinned, colt-limbed, diamond-cut beauty is Lula Landry who had
fallen from a her balcony three months previously. John Bristow wants Strike
to investigate his sister’s supposed suicide. John Bristow’s other sibling, a
brother named Charlie Bristow, had been a friend of Cormoran Strike before
Charlie’s death, when fell into a quarry while riding on his bicycle.
As the interviewing process proceeds, he encounters Lula Landry’s
security guard, personal, driver, uncle, friend, her boyfirend and designer.
Each character recounts their recollections of Lula as Cormoran Strike comes
to realize that the circumstances of her death are more ambiguous than he
imaged. Later Rochelle Onifade is found dead, she killed hours after leaving
a meeting with Cormoran Strike. He decides that she must have been contact
3
with Lula’s murderer. Though he doubts that she knew the person to be the
killer.
Lula Landry, as a mixed-race girl adopted into a wealthy white
family, took a special interest in investigating her biological roots before her
death. Cormoran Strike discovers that the murder of Lula Landry was for the
ten million pounds she possessed. Cormoran Strike figures out that John
Bristow is in fact the murderer, hoping to get money, and that he was also
responsible for Charlie’s death years before. John Bristow is ordinary lawyer,
John grows in fear and jealously and he feels that their parent love his brother
and sister more than him. He feels unfair that his parent hate him all the time,
do not care about him and he does not exist in their eyes. Because of that, he
kills his brother, Charlie when he was in childhood. John Bristow did it so
that his parent recognize him more, but he is wrong because his parent think
about his brother and grief stricken over the death. Then , his sister, Lula
Landry comes adopted by his parent and he kills her too.
John Bristow was using Cormoran Strike in an attempt to frame Lula
Landry’s biological brother Jonah Aegyeman for her murder, suspecting that
Lula Landry had made a will leaving her fortune to Jonah. John Bristow
hoped that if the will, which he had been unable to locate, surfaced, Jonah
would be unable to inherit if he had been convicted of Lula Landry’s murder.
He had hoped Strike‘s friendship with Charlie would endear him to him.
When Cormoran Strike presents the truth to John Bristow. John Bristow
attempts to stab him, resulting in a physical altercation. Cormoran Strike is
saved when Robin returns to his office.
Robert Galbraith is pseudonym JK Rowling. Joanne “Jo” Rowling.
JK Rowling was born on 31 July 1965 in Yate, Gloucesteshire. JK Rowling is
a British novelist best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series.
The books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards and sold
more than 400 million copies. JK Rowling was working as a researcher and
bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for
the Harry potter series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London in
4
1990. The seven year period that followed saw the death of the mother, birth
of her first child. Divorce from her first husband and relative poverty until
Rowling finished the first novel in the series, Harry Potter and The
Philosopher’s Stone, in 1997. There were six sequel, the last, Harry Potter
and the Deathly Hallows, in 2007. Rowling has written books for the novel is
The Cuckoo’s Calling (2013). Published in April it is the first in a crime
fiction. Novel by J.K Rowling published under the pseudonym Robert
Galbraith’s.
The Cuckoo’s Calling is an interesting novel, there are three reasons
that The Cuckoo’s Calling is interesting. First, there are many interesting
characters. The character is so well drawn because they have real identities.
Second, it’s the first crime novel of the writer and the writer also interested in
the plot. Third, this is a brilliant classic crime. The novel has a good story. It
tells also about love and friendship. Based on the background above, the
researcher proposes to conduct a research entitled “Murder reflected in
Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling (2013): A Psychoanalytic
Approach”.
B. Literature Review
Based on researcher’s observation, the writer finds three researches
that have been conducted by Muhammad Fanani Septivani (UNESA, 2016)
entitled “John Bristow’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder In Robert
Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling”. This reaseach is purposed to analyze
what causes of John Bristow’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder and the
deptiction of John Bristow’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder. The analysis
points out that how John Bristow’s early chilhood narcissism development
stage become unstable due to his mother that does not give him the affection
like she gives to John’s two adoptive siblings and pictured the images of John
Bristow’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder in novel.
The second one is conducted by Shintya Wulandari (USU, 2016)
entitled “The Characteristic Of Detective Story In The Cuckoo’s Calling By
5
Robert Galbraith”. The writer was interested to discuss about the elements
which declared that this novel is really detective story. The writer used
descriptive research and instrinsic approach.
The third is conducted by Luthfiyyah Aqilah (UIN Sunan Ampel,
2015) entitled “The Psychological Problems Seen In John Bristow As
Character To The Reflection Of Qabil’s Character To That Robert
Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling. The writer was interested to discuss the
thesis that focuses on analyzing the characterization of John Bristow and the
thesis is to examine the motif that leads John kills his brother and sister.
The difference between the researcher from the previous studies is in
the issue and approach. The similarity between the researcher with previous
study is using the same novel. The reseacher assumes that there is no
reseacher who has analyzed Murder reflected in The Cuckoo’s Calling by
Robert Galbraith (2013) using psychoanalytic approach.
C. Problem statement
Based on the title, the researcher aims analysis the problem as follow:
“What are the problems in the murder reflected in Robert Gailbraith’s The
Cuckoo’s Calling (2013)”.
D. Limitation of The Study
The researcher will focus on the analysis what are the problems in the
murder reflected in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling (2013): A
Psychoanalytic Approach.
E. Objective of The Study
Based on the problem, the writer formulates the objective of the study as
follows:
1. to describe the Cuckoo’s Calling novel based on structural elements of
novel.
6
2. to analyze Murder reflected in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling
based on a psychoanalytic approach.
F. Benefit of study
The researcher focuses on the research in analyzing “Murder is by John
Bristow as main character at Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling. The
benefits of this will be differentiated into two categories:
1. Theoretical Benefits
The result of this study gives information and it can be a helpful
contribution of knowledge to the academic reference. It can be as a
reference for other researchers.
2. Practical Benefit
The study is expected to enrich knowledge and experiences for the
other students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta or for other
universities which are interested in the study on literary from a
psychoanalytic approach.
G. Research Method
1. Type of the study
In this research, the writer will use the qualitative method in this
study. The writer has some steps to conduct the research as follows:
a. Determining The type of study
b. Determining Object of study
c. Determining Type of Data and Data source
d. Determining Technique of Data Collection
e. Determining Technique of Data
2. Object of the Study
The object of the study is Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s
Calling (2013) using a psychoanalytic approach.
7
3. Type of the Data and the Data Source
a. Primary source
The primary data are taken from the novel John Bristow by
Robert Galbraith, in which the data are analyzed using structural
analysis and psychoanalytic approach.
b. Secondary source
The secondary data sources are some material related to the data
required, such as writer biography, the data taken from official
website and some books which support the research.
4. Technique of the Data Collection
The technique of collecting data are reading novel and note taking,
the steps are as follows:
a. Reading the original novel several times.
b. Determining character of novel The Cuckoo’s Calling.
c. Reading some related references to observe the theory, data and
information.
d. Taking notes of important for both of primary and secondary data
sources.
e. Classifying the data into some categories.
5. Technique of the Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the researcher applied a descriptive qualitative
analysis. The first step was analyzing murder in the novel. The second step
was analyzing the structure element in the novel. The third step was
analyzing the novel based on psychoanalytic approach.
H. Reseacrh Organization
In order to make this paper easy to be followed, the writer gives some
orders for the paper organization. The first is chapter I, introduction. It
consists of background of the study, objective of the study, benefits of the
study, research method, and paper organization. The second is chapter II,
theoritical approach, it consists the notion of psychoanalytic approach,
8
structure of personality, structural elements of the novel, the notion of murder.
The third is chapter III, it deals with the structural analysis of the novel. The
fourth is chapter IV, it discusses psycological approach and its application in
analyzing The Cuckoo’s Calling. The last chapter is conclution and
suggestion.
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study
Nowadays, the progress of the modern society grows rapidly. Most
societies, from ancient to modern life have considered murder a very serious
crime deserving harsh punishment for purpose of retribution, deterrence,
rehabilitation or incapacitation. People have many problems in their life. In
life, there are so the reasons why murder has been criminalized, including its
costs to society as well as being considered intrinsically wrong because it
violates a right to life or is oppressive, murder may be costly to society by
undermining law and order.
The criminal code of 1961 in Samaha (2010: 331) defines murder as
a person who kills an individual without lawful justification. It knows that
such acts create a strong probability of death or great bodily harm to that
individual. As murder in California Penal Code 187, is defined as “The
unlawful killing of a human being or fetus with malice aforethought. The
crime of killing anyone intentionally or unintentionally by the murder. The
state of mind may depend upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder other
forms
of
unlawful
homicide
such
as
manslaughter.
(http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/calawquery?codesection=pen).
Robbery, jealously and vengeance are the three motives responsible
for nearly all murders. According to Dow (1985:74) The felony murder
applies when death occurs during the commission or attempted commission
of any of the aforementioned common law crimes course, that the death was
the proximate result of the unlawful behavior.
Literature is strongly influenced by human life because it appears
from an author who lives as human being. According to Bressler (1986: 12)
“Literature is simply a written work that contains certain qualities to a
definition that must include the dynamic relationship of the actual text and the
reader”. Literature represents some of directions taken to understand the
1
2
complexity of human behavior and of human nature. Literary work reflects a
description of this human life with its various problems, expressing of the
author’s problem and giving more knowledge to understand the value of life.
Human life is one of the most interesting topics to discuss because life
experiences always develop as fact as the time goes on. In the real life
sometimes not all human necessities are completely achieved. Human
necessities do not only make trouble for living circles, but also affect their
mind and behavior.
The writer uses a psychoanalytic theory which is proposed by
Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic approach studies personality of human
beings. It gives understand to us from the point of view of our unconscious
and early childhood experiences. Sigmud Freud states that mental process of
individual that has three systems, the id, ego and superego. These system are
related each other in order to organize human behavior.
The Cuckoo’s Calling tells about a trouble supermodel who falls to
her death from the balcony of her home, it is assumed that she has committed
siucide. Her brother has his doubts and calls private investigator. Cormoran
Strike to investigate, an exmilitary in Afgahanistan. He is hired by John
Bristow, the adopted brother of a famous supermodel’s Lula Landry, the
bronze-skinned, colt-limbed, diamond-cut beauty is Lula Landry who had
fallen from a her balcony three months previously. John Bristow wants Strike
to investigate his sister’s supposed suicide. John Bristow’s other sibling, a
brother named Charlie Bristow, had been a friend of Cormoran Strike before
Charlie’s death, when fell into a quarry while riding on his bicycle.
As the interviewing process proceeds, he encounters Lula Landry’s
security guard, personal, driver, uncle, friend, her boyfirend and designer.
Each character recounts their recollections of Lula as Cormoran Strike comes
to realize that the circumstances of her death are more ambiguous than he
imaged. Later Rochelle Onifade is found dead, she killed hours after leaving
a meeting with Cormoran Strike. He decides that she must have been contact
3
with Lula’s murderer. Though he doubts that she knew the person to be the
killer.
Lula Landry, as a mixed-race girl adopted into a wealthy white
family, took a special interest in investigating her biological roots before her
death. Cormoran Strike discovers that the murder of Lula Landry was for the
ten million pounds she possessed. Cormoran Strike figures out that John
Bristow is in fact the murderer, hoping to get money, and that he was also
responsible for Charlie’s death years before. John Bristow is ordinary lawyer,
John grows in fear and jealously and he feels that their parent love his brother
and sister more than him. He feels unfair that his parent hate him all the time,
do not care about him and he does not exist in their eyes. Because of that, he
kills his brother, Charlie when he was in childhood. John Bristow did it so
that his parent recognize him more, but he is wrong because his parent think
about his brother and grief stricken over the death. Then , his sister, Lula
Landry comes adopted by his parent and he kills her too.
John Bristow was using Cormoran Strike in an attempt to frame Lula
Landry’s biological brother Jonah Aegyeman for her murder, suspecting that
Lula Landry had made a will leaving her fortune to Jonah. John Bristow
hoped that if the will, which he had been unable to locate, surfaced, Jonah
would be unable to inherit if he had been convicted of Lula Landry’s murder.
He had hoped Strike‘s friendship with Charlie would endear him to him.
When Cormoran Strike presents the truth to John Bristow. John Bristow
attempts to stab him, resulting in a physical altercation. Cormoran Strike is
saved when Robin returns to his office.
Robert Galbraith is pseudonym JK Rowling. Joanne “Jo” Rowling.
JK Rowling was born on 31 July 1965 in Yate, Gloucesteshire. JK Rowling is
a British novelist best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series.
The books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards and sold
more than 400 million copies. JK Rowling was working as a researcher and
bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for
the Harry potter series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London in
4
1990. The seven year period that followed saw the death of the mother, birth
of her first child. Divorce from her first husband and relative poverty until
Rowling finished the first novel in the series, Harry Potter and The
Philosopher’s Stone, in 1997. There were six sequel, the last, Harry Potter
and the Deathly Hallows, in 2007. Rowling has written books for the novel is
The Cuckoo’s Calling (2013). Published in April it is the first in a crime
fiction. Novel by J.K Rowling published under the pseudonym Robert
Galbraith’s.
The Cuckoo’s Calling is an interesting novel, there are three reasons
that The Cuckoo’s Calling is interesting. First, there are many interesting
characters. The character is so well drawn because they have real identities.
Second, it’s the first crime novel of the writer and the writer also interested in
the plot. Third, this is a brilliant classic crime. The novel has a good story. It
tells also about love and friendship. Based on the background above, the
researcher proposes to conduct a research entitled “Murder reflected in
Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling (2013): A Psychoanalytic
Approach”.
B. Literature Review
Based on researcher’s observation, the writer finds three researches
that have been conducted by Muhammad Fanani Septivani (UNESA, 2016)
entitled “John Bristow’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder In Robert
Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling”. This reaseach is purposed to analyze
what causes of John Bristow’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder and the
deptiction of John Bristow’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder. The analysis
points out that how John Bristow’s early chilhood narcissism development
stage become unstable due to his mother that does not give him the affection
like she gives to John’s two adoptive siblings and pictured the images of John
Bristow’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder in novel.
The second one is conducted by Shintya Wulandari (USU, 2016)
entitled “The Characteristic Of Detective Story In The Cuckoo’s Calling By
5
Robert Galbraith”. The writer was interested to discuss about the elements
which declared that this novel is really detective story. The writer used
descriptive research and instrinsic approach.
The third is conducted by Luthfiyyah Aqilah (UIN Sunan Ampel,
2015) entitled “The Psychological Problems Seen In John Bristow As
Character To The Reflection Of Qabil’s Character To That Robert
Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling. The writer was interested to discuss the
thesis that focuses on analyzing the characterization of John Bristow and the
thesis is to examine the motif that leads John kills his brother and sister.
The difference between the researcher from the previous studies is in
the issue and approach. The similarity between the researcher with previous
study is using the same novel. The reseacher assumes that there is no
reseacher who has analyzed Murder reflected in The Cuckoo’s Calling by
Robert Galbraith (2013) using psychoanalytic approach.
C. Problem statement
Based on the title, the researcher aims analysis the problem as follow:
“What are the problems in the murder reflected in Robert Gailbraith’s The
Cuckoo’s Calling (2013)”.
D. Limitation of The Study
The researcher will focus on the analysis what are the problems in the
murder reflected in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling (2013): A
Psychoanalytic Approach.
E. Objective of The Study
Based on the problem, the writer formulates the objective of the study as
follows:
1. to describe the Cuckoo’s Calling novel based on structural elements of
novel.
6
2. to analyze Murder reflected in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling
based on a psychoanalytic approach.
F. Benefit of study
The researcher focuses on the research in analyzing “Murder is by John
Bristow as main character at Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling. The
benefits of this will be differentiated into two categories:
1. Theoretical Benefits
The result of this study gives information and it can be a helpful
contribution of knowledge to the academic reference. It can be as a
reference for other researchers.
2. Practical Benefit
The study is expected to enrich knowledge and experiences for the
other students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta or for other
universities which are interested in the study on literary from a
psychoanalytic approach.
G. Research Method
1. Type of the study
In this research, the writer will use the qualitative method in this
study. The writer has some steps to conduct the research as follows:
a. Determining The type of study
b. Determining Object of study
c. Determining Type of Data and Data source
d. Determining Technique of Data Collection
e. Determining Technique of Data
2. Object of the Study
The object of the study is Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s
Calling (2013) using a psychoanalytic approach.
7
3. Type of the Data and the Data Source
a. Primary source
The primary data are taken from the novel John Bristow by
Robert Galbraith, in which the data are analyzed using structural
analysis and psychoanalytic approach.
b. Secondary source
The secondary data sources are some material related to the data
required, such as writer biography, the data taken from official
website and some books which support the research.
4. Technique of the Data Collection
The technique of collecting data are reading novel and note taking,
the steps are as follows:
a. Reading the original novel several times.
b. Determining character of novel The Cuckoo’s Calling.
c. Reading some related references to observe the theory, data and
information.
d. Taking notes of important for both of primary and secondary data
sources.
e. Classifying the data into some categories.
5. Technique of the Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the researcher applied a descriptive qualitative
analysis. The first step was analyzing murder in the novel. The second step
was analyzing the structure element in the novel. The third step was
analyzing the novel based on psychoanalytic approach.
H. Reseacrh Organization
In order to make this paper easy to be followed, the writer gives some
orders for the paper organization. The first is chapter I, introduction. It
consists of background of the study, objective of the study, benefits of the
study, research method, and paper organization. The second is chapter II,
theoritical approach, it consists the notion of psychoanalytic approach,
8
structure of personality, structural elements of the novel, the notion of murder.
The third is chapter III, it deals with the structural analysis of the novel. The
fourth is chapter IV, it discusses psycological approach and its application in
analyzing The Cuckoo’s Calling. The last chapter is conclution and
suggestion.