SPEECH ACT IN THE NOVEL “ECLIPSE” BY STEPHENIE MEYER.
SPEECH ACT IN THE NOVEL “ECLIPSE” BY STEPHENIE
MEYER
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
MAULIA WARA
Registration Number 072222810001
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, the writer would like to expresses her best gratitude to
Allah SWT, for giving the writer blessing, endless love and mercy, especially in
the process of accomplishing this thesis. This thesis is aimed at fulfill is one of the
requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S-1) at the English Department,
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer was helped by so many beloved
people and the writer would like to express her gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si.as the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. as the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English Department and as
her Thesis Advisor, And Dra. Meisuri, M.A. as the Head of Applied
Linguistics Program.
Drs. Lidiman, S. M. Sinaga, M. Hum as her Academic Adviser.
Drs. Johan Sinulingga, M. Pd and Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Pd as the
Reviewer of Thesis.
Her beloved family,her father, Rostam; her mother, Asra; and her brothers
Abdur Rahman, Rahmat Fitri and Irfan Budianto and her sisters Ani
,Anda thank you for the understanding and the big support in prayer, love,
motivation and financial while accomplished this thesis.
The writer would like to express her gratitude to the one who makes her life
more colorful, star in her heart, Hengky, for his love, supports, pray, and
faithful.
Special thanks also expressed to her best friends, Reea, Cha Cha ,Umami,
Mirda, Sari, Henny, Idil imoet, Upi, Mumus, Debo and Dinda, for their
embraces and truly love that always brighten up her days. Novy, Sarah, Dwi,
Ina, Ida, Poee,and all of the Applied Linguistics students ‘A and ‘B 2007.
ii
Finally, she also addressed her appreciation to those who cannot be
mentioned one by one. May Allah SWT bless us.Amin.
Finally, the writer admits that this thesis still is far from being perfect.
Therefore, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestion for the
improvement of this thesis later on.
Medan, Juli2014
The writer,
MauliWara
iii
ABSTRACT
Wara, Maulia. 072222810001. Speech Act in The Novel “Eclipse” By
Stephenie Meyer. A Thesis.EnglishAnd Literature Departement Faculty of
Language and Arts State University of Medan. 2014.
The thesis deals with speech acts in Eclipse Novel the objectives of this
study are to find out the types and the dominant types of speech acts in Eclipse
Novel. This research is conducted by descriptive design which makes a
description of the situation or event /Occurrence. The results shows that there are
200 Utterances. The findings indicated that Eclipse Novel applied five types of
speech acts : Declaration, representatives, Expressive, directives, and
commissives. The total conclusions and percentages of speech acts in each types
are declarations 1(0,23%), representatives 95 (58.60%). Expressive 35 (8.82%)
directives 59 (29,19%), and Commissives. (3,16%). The Dominant type of speech
acts is representatives (58,60%).
Keyword: Pragmatics, Speech Act, Novel.
i
APPENDICES
Appendix A ......................................................................................................
43
Appendix B ......................................................................................................
51
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Language is a very important role in human life and it is used to communicate
and express ideas, feelings and desires. People use language not only to exchange
sounds, words or sentences to another but also bring meanings because language is
meaningful. Language cannot be separated from human being, because without
language we cannot make a conversation or share ideas, so without language it is
impossible for humans to do and know something.
Speech acts means a study about saying and doing. It means that someone
does not simply say the words but he or she also at the same time uses them to do
things. According to Austin (1962) speech acts are identified as locutionary act,
perlocutionary act and illocutionary act. Locutionary act is the act of producing
recognizable grammatical utterances in the language; perlocutionary act is the act of
causing a certain effect on the hearer. Illocutionary act is the act to accomplish some
communicative purpose.
This study is related to analyze the illocutionary acts in Stephanie Meyer’s
Novel. I choose speech acts theory because I ever studying Speech acts in the class,
and this study deals to pragmatics and also it is one of the interesting theory to
analyze. This study can help me to analyze the illocutionary act the novel and to find
all types of illocutionary acts in the novel. And also it can help us to understand more
what meaning of one sentence in every chapter in the novel.
An illocutionary acts is one kind of speech acts, while speech acts has relation
with the pragmatic. This study deals on Stephanie Meyer’s Novel, the classification
and the most dominant class on this Novel. The writer tries to make a study because
the writer is interested in studies pragmatics which studies about the natural language
understanding and realizes that illocutionary acts can be happened in daily
conversation. For example, when someone says “give me that Quitar” can be uttered
to make a command or request.
B. The Problems of the Study
The problem of study will be formulated in this study as the following.
1. What kinds of speech acts are used by Stephanie Meyer?
2. What kinds of speech acts are dominantly used in Eclipse Novel by
Stephanie Meyer?
3. Why is speech Acts Locutionary used?
C. The Scope of the Study
There are 5 titles of novels, they are: Twilight, New moon, Eclipse, Breaking
Down part I, Breaking down Part II. This discussion was focused on Eclipse Novel.
D. The Objective of the Study
Related to the problem of the study, the objective of the study is formulated as
follows:
1.
To find the kinds of speech acts used in the Stephanie Meyer’s Novel.
2.
To find out which kinds of speech acts are dominantly used in Stephanie
Meyer’s.
E. The Significance of the Study
The finding of the study are expected to be use full for:
1) Understanding the use function of speech acts.
2) Understanding the illocutionary acts.
3) Getting the point and meaning of the speeches by knowing the types of
speech acts.
REFERENCES
Austin, J.L. (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Black, Elizabeth. 2006: Pragmatics Stylistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University press
Brown, P. and S.C. Levinson (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage.
Cambridge: Cambridge university Press
Clark, Clark and. 1977: Psychology and language: an Introduction to
psycholingistics. United State of America: Harcourth Braco Jovanovich
Coulthard. Michael (1989) An Introduction to Discourse Analysis.
Creswell, W. 2001: Research Design: Qualitative and quantitative approach.
London: SAGE Publication
Cruse. D Alan, 2000: Meaning in Language: An introduction to semantics and
Pragmatics. England: Oxford University Press
Downing, and Locke. 1992. English Grammar. London and New York: Routledge.
Heim, Irene and Kratzer Angelika 2002. Semantic
Jeffries, 2006. Discovering Language, The Structure of Modern English
Leech,
1993: Prinsip-prinsip
Indonesia (UI-Press)
Pragmatik
(terjemahan).
Jakarta:
Universitas
Saeed, John I. 1997: Semantics. China: Blackwell Publisher.
Searle. And Verscheueren 1969: Expression and Meaning: Studies in the theory of
Speech Acts. United State of America: Cambridge University of Press.
Yule. 1996: Pragmatics. England: Oxford University Press
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics accessed on February, 26th
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephenie_Meyer accessed on May, 9th
MEYER
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
MAULIA WARA
Registration Number 072222810001
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, the writer would like to expresses her best gratitude to
Allah SWT, for giving the writer blessing, endless love and mercy, especially in
the process of accomplishing this thesis. This thesis is aimed at fulfill is one of the
requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S-1) at the English Department,
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer was helped by so many beloved
people and the writer would like to express her gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si.as the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. as the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English Department and as
her Thesis Advisor, And Dra. Meisuri, M.A. as the Head of Applied
Linguistics Program.
Drs. Lidiman, S. M. Sinaga, M. Hum as her Academic Adviser.
Drs. Johan Sinulingga, M. Pd and Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Pd as the
Reviewer of Thesis.
Her beloved family,her father, Rostam; her mother, Asra; and her brothers
Abdur Rahman, Rahmat Fitri and Irfan Budianto and her sisters Ani
,Anda thank you for the understanding and the big support in prayer, love,
motivation and financial while accomplished this thesis.
The writer would like to express her gratitude to the one who makes her life
more colorful, star in her heart, Hengky, for his love, supports, pray, and
faithful.
Special thanks also expressed to her best friends, Reea, Cha Cha ,Umami,
Mirda, Sari, Henny, Idil imoet, Upi, Mumus, Debo and Dinda, for their
embraces and truly love that always brighten up her days. Novy, Sarah, Dwi,
Ina, Ida, Poee,and all of the Applied Linguistics students ‘A and ‘B 2007.
ii
Finally, she also addressed her appreciation to those who cannot be
mentioned one by one. May Allah SWT bless us.Amin.
Finally, the writer admits that this thesis still is far from being perfect.
Therefore, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestion for the
improvement of this thesis later on.
Medan, Juli2014
The writer,
MauliWara
iii
ABSTRACT
Wara, Maulia. 072222810001. Speech Act in The Novel “Eclipse” By
Stephenie Meyer. A Thesis.EnglishAnd Literature Departement Faculty of
Language and Arts State University of Medan. 2014.
The thesis deals with speech acts in Eclipse Novel the objectives of this
study are to find out the types and the dominant types of speech acts in Eclipse
Novel. This research is conducted by descriptive design which makes a
description of the situation or event /Occurrence. The results shows that there are
200 Utterances. The findings indicated that Eclipse Novel applied five types of
speech acts : Declaration, representatives, Expressive, directives, and
commissives. The total conclusions and percentages of speech acts in each types
are declarations 1(0,23%), representatives 95 (58.60%). Expressive 35 (8.82%)
directives 59 (29,19%), and Commissives. (3,16%). The Dominant type of speech
acts is representatives (58,60%).
Keyword: Pragmatics, Speech Act, Novel.
i
APPENDICES
Appendix A ......................................................................................................
43
Appendix B ......................................................................................................
51
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Language is a very important role in human life and it is used to communicate
and express ideas, feelings and desires. People use language not only to exchange
sounds, words or sentences to another but also bring meanings because language is
meaningful. Language cannot be separated from human being, because without
language we cannot make a conversation or share ideas, so without language it is
impossible for humans to do and know something.
Speech acts means a study about saying and doing. It means that someone
does not simply say the words but he or she also at the same time uses them to do
things. According to Austin (1962) speech acts are identified as locutionary act,
perlocutionary act and illocutionary act. Locutionary act is the act of producing
recognizable grammatical utterances in the language; perlocutionary act is the act of
causing a certain effect on the hearer. Illocutionary act is the act to accomplish some
communicative purpose.
This study is related to analyze the illocutionary acts in Stephanie Meyer’s
Novel. I choose speech acts theory because I ever studying Speech acts in the class,
and this study deals to pragmatics and also it is one of the interesting theory to
analyze. This study can help me to analyze the illocutionary act the novel and to find
all types of illocutionary acts in the novel. And also it can help us to understand more
what meaning of one sentence in every chapter in the novel.
An illocutionary acts is one kind of speech acts, while speech acts has relation
with the pragmatic. This study deals on Stephanie Meyer’s Novel, the classification
and the most dominant class on this Novel. The writer tries to make a study because
the writer is interested in studies pragmatics which studies about the natural language
understanding and realizes that illocutionary acts can be happened in daily
conversation. For example, when someone says “give me that Quitar” can be uttered
to make a command or request.
B. The Problems of the Study
The problem of study will be formulated in this study as the following.
1. What kinds of speech acts are used by Stephanie Meyer?
2. What kinds of speech acts are dominantly used in Eclipse Novel by
Stephanie Meyer?
3. Why is speech Acts Locutionary used?
C. The Scope of the Study
There are 5 titles of novels, they are: Twilight, New moon, Eclipse, Breaking
Down part I, Breaking down Part II. This discussion was focused on Eclipse Novel.
D. The Objective of the Study
Related to the problem of the study, the objective of the study is formulated as
follows:
1.
To find the kinds of speech acts used in the Stephanie Meyer’s Novel.
2.
To find out which kinds of speech acts are dominantly used in Stephanie
Meyer’s.
E. The Significance of the Study
The finding of the study are expected to be use full for:
1) Understanding the use function of speech acts.
2) Understanding the illocutionary acts.
3) Getting the point and meaning of the speeches by knowing the types of
speech acts.
REFERENCES
Austin, J.L. (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Black, Elizabeth. 2006: Pragmatics Stylistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University press
Brown, P. and S.C. Levinson (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage.
Cambridge: Cambridge university Press
Clark, Clark and. 1977: Psychology and language: an Introduction to
psycholingistics. United State of America: Harcourth Braco Jovanovich
Coulthard. Michael (1989) An Introduction to Discourse Analysis.
Creswell, W. 2001: Research Design: Qualitative and quantitative approach.
London: SAGE Publication
Cruse. D Alan, 2000: Meaning in Language: An introduction to semantics and
Pragmatics. England: Oxford University Press
Downing, and Locke. 1992. English Grammar. London and New York: Routledge.
Heim, Irene and Kratzer Angelika 2002. Semantic
Jeffries, 2006. Discovering Language, The Structure of Modern English
Leech,
1993: Prinsip-prinsip
Indonesia (UI-Press)
Pragmatik
(terjemahan).
Jakarta:
Universitas
Saeed, John I. 1997: Semantics. China: Blackwell Publisher.
Searle. And Verscheueren 1969: Expression and Meaning: Studies in the theory of
Speech Acts. United State of America: Cambridge University of Press.
Yule. 1996: Pragmatics. England: Oxford University Press
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics accessed on February, 26th
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephenie_Meyer accessed on May, 9th