Logistik dan Daya Saing.
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ta h u n te ra k h ir
in i, a k tiv ita s lo g is tik m e n ja d i
.
p e rh a tia n d a la m p e rd a g a n g a n
in te m a s io n a l. H a rg a k o m p e titif d a ri
s u a tu p ro d u k tid a k te rle p a s d a ri b e b a n b ia y a lo g is tik y a n g d ita n g g u n g
d a n b e rd a m p a k p a d a d a y a s a in g .
R e n d a h n y a d a y a s a in g p ro d u k -p ro d u k In d o n e s ia s a la h s a tu n y a a d a la h
b ia y a lo g is tik y a n g tin g g i.
H a l itu a n ta ra la in k a re n a p ra s a -ra n a lo g is tik a d a y a n g m a s ih k o n v e n s io n a l (ja la n , p e la b u h a n , d a n
h u b u n g a n a n ta rm o d a ). S e rta , b e lu m
te rb a n g u n n y a k o n e k tiv ita s a n ta ra
s a tu lo k a s i d a n lo k a s i la in n y a y a n g
m e n g h u b u n g k a n a n ta ra p u s a t-p u s a t
p ro d u k s i d a n p a s a r / p u s a t k o n s u m s i
s e h in g g a p e n g irim a n k o n ta in e r d i d a la m n e g e ri m e n ja d i m a h a l d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n m e n g irim k a n k o n ta in e r
k e lu a r n e g e ri.
N e g a ra In d o n e s ia a d a la h n e g a ra
k e p u la u a n , te ta p i s e b a g ia n b e s a r p ra s a ra n a b e ra d a d i d a ra t tid a k m e n d u k u n g k e te rk a ita n a n ta rp u la u . H a l in i
m e n y e b a b k a n b ia y a a n g k u t a n ta rk o ta
a ta u a n ta rp u la u d i In d o n e s ia ju g a ja u h le b ih tin g g i d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n
d a ri S in g a p u ra k e b e rb a g a i tu ju a n d id a la m n e g e ri.
S e b a g a i c o n to h u n tu k ru te y a n g s a m a , o n g k o s p e n g a p a la n k o n ta in e r d a ri P a d a n g (S u m a tra B a ra t) k e J a k a rta
m e n c a p a i 6 0 0 d o la r A S , s e d a n g k a n
d a ri S in g a p u ra k e J a k a rta h a n y a 1 8 5
26
25
27
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
28
29
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30
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L o g is tik
B
(~ [~ ~ :& ~ :3 ~
clan Daya Saing
n e g a ra ra k s a s a
e k o n o m i d u n ia y a n g
b a ru B R IC S a ta u p u n
b e b e ra p a n e g a ra d i
A S E A N . In d o n e s ia
hanya unggul dengan
n e g a ra R u s ia . In d o n e s ia ja u h d i
b a w a h In d ia , C in a ,
B ra s ilju g a d e n g a n S in g a p u ra , M a la y s ia ,
d a n F ilip in a , S e la in
k o n e k tiv ita s y a n g
m e n y e b a b k a n m a h a ln y a o n g k o s lo g is tik
a d a la h k e te rs e d ia a n
d a n k u a lita s in fra -
d o la r A S . B e lu m la g i
. s e tia p k a p a l y a n g
m e la k u k a n b o n g k a r
m u a t d i p e la b u h a n
h a ru s m e n g a lo k a s ik a n d a n a n y a R p
1 5 0 ju ta p e r h a ri.ln i
sem uayang
m e n y e b a b k a n p e rfo rm a lo g is tik In d o n e s ia
s e m a k in b u ru k .
S a a t in i o n g k o s 1 0 g is tik d i In d o n e s ia
b e rk is a r 2 4 % , b a n d in g k a n d e n g a n
M a la y s ia 1 5 % , A m e rik a S e rik a t d a n
J e p a n g 1 0 % . S e k ita r 2 4 % b ia y a lo g is tik s e ta ra R p 1 .8 2 0 triliu n , te rd iri a ta s
B ia y a p e n y im p a n a n R p 5 4 6 triliu n ,
b ia y a tra n s p o rta s i R p 1 .0 9 2 triliu n ,
b ia y a a d m in is tra s i R p 1 8 2 triliu n .
S e la in itu , m u tu p e la y a n a n lo g is tik
y a n g b u ru k (w a k tu je d a b a ra n g -b a ra n g im p o r itu b is a 5 ,5 h a ri,b a n d in g k a n d e n g a n A m e rik a y a n g m e m ilik i
je d a w a k tu 1 ,2 h a ri, R o tte rd a m B e la n d a 1 ,1 h a ri, d a n S in g a p u ra k u ra n g
d a ri 1 h a ri, b ia y a a n g k u t).
H a s il p e n ila ia n L o g is tic
P e rfo rm a n c e In d e x 2 0 1 0 , In d o n e s ia
m e n g a la m i p e n u ru n a n p e rin g k a t d a ri
p e rin g k a t k e -4 3 d i ta h u n 2 0 0 7 m e n ja d i p e rin g k a t 7 5 d i ta h u n 2 0 1 0 .
K in e rja lo g is tik n a s io n a l s a a t in i
b e lu m m a m p u m e n g u n g g u li n e g a ra -
s tru k tu r.
P a d a la p o ra n W o rld E c o n o m ic F o ru m 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 2 , k u a lita s in fra s tru k tu r
s e c a ra m e n y e lu ru h b e ra d a p a d a p e rin g k a t 8 2 d a ri 1 3 4 n e g a ra b a n d in g k a n d e n g a n M a la y s ia y a n g b e ra d a d i
p e rin g k a t 2 3 . K u a lita s in fra s tru k tu r
te re n d a h a d a la h k u a lita s p e la b u h a n
y a n g b e ra d a p a d a p e rin g k a t 1 0 3 d a n
k e te rs e d ia a n lis trik y a n g b e ra d a p a d a
p e rin g k a t 9 8 .
U n tu k m e n in g k a tk a n d a y a s a in g
p ro d u k d o m e s tik , p e rb a ik a n in fra s tru k tu r m e ru p a k a n h a l p o k o k . H a l
la in y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n tin g g in y a b ia y a lo g is tik a d a la h tu rn p a n g tin d ih n y a p e ra tu ra n p u s a t d a n d a e ra h ,
m a ra k n y a p u n g u ta n re s m i d i d a e ra h
d a n a rm a d a y a n g tid a k la y a k te ta p
b e ro p e ra s i.
Penutup
M e m p e rh a tik a n h a l-h a l te rs e b u t,
b e b e ra p a h a l y a n g p a tu t m e n ja d i p e r- .
h a tia n a d a la h (1 ) p e m b e n a h a n s e c a ra m e n y e lu ru h te rh a d a p in fra s tru k tu r d a n k o n e k tiv ita s tid a k d a p a t
d itu n d a b a ik d i p u s a t m a u p u n d a e -'
ra h d e n g a n p e n e k a n a n p a d a lo g is tik
p a n ta i, (2 ) m e n g h ila n g k a n p e ra tu ra n
d a e ra h y a n g m e n in g k a tk a n . o n g k o s
lo g is tik , (3 ) s ta n d a rd is a s i u m u r
k e n d a ra a n , (4 ) e v a lu a s i u n tu k h a l-h a l
y a n g s e la m a in i m e n ja d i b e b a n b ia y a
lo g is tik a n ta ra la in ru m itn y a p e riz in a n , b ia y a a n tre a n k e p e la b u h a n , 'b ia y a
s e w a g u d a n g , k e p e n g u ru s a n d i
p a b e a n , d a n la in -la in .
J a w a B a ra t s e b a g a i k o n trib u to r k e tig a te rb e s a r te rh a d a p p ro d u k
d o m e s tik b ru to (P D B ) d e n g a n ju m la h in d u s tri te rb e s a r te n tu n y a p e rlu
m e m p e rh a tik a n b a g a im a n a m e n e k a n
b ia y a lo g is tik , m e n g in g a t b a n y a k n y a
in d u s tri d i J a b a r y a n g ju g a m e m e rlu k a n ja s a lo g is tik y a n g m u ra h a g a r
o n g k o s lo g is tik d a p a t d ite k a n . L o g is tik y a n g d im a k s u d m e lip u ti b ia y a
p e n g a d a a n , b ia y a s e w a g u d a n g , b ia y a
tra n s p o rta s i, d a n b ia y a p e n y im panan.
***
Ina P r im ia n a , G u r u B e s a r
F a k u lta s E k o n o m i d a n B is n is (F E B )
U n iv e r s ita s P a d ja d ja r a n (U n p a d ),
I( lip
i n g Hum a 5 Un pad
2012
a n g g o ta L P 3 E K a d in Ir :.d o n e s i~
a
S e te s e
4
123
17
18
19
€V
,)M a r
~ ~ ~ = = = = = = = ,) /
Sabtu
()
Minggu
. Kamls
Jume!
. Rabu
baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
5
7
6
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-_
23
22
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,.",
Mei
.. ,
.....•.
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,
24
EBERAPA
ta h u n te ra k h ir
in i, a k tiv ita s lo g is tik m e n ja d i
.
p e rh a tia n d a la m p e rd a g a n g a n
in te m a s io n a l. H a rg a k o m p e titif d a ri
s u a tu p ro d u k tid a k te rle p a s d a ri b e b a n b ia y a lo g is tik y a n g d ita n g g u n g
d a n b e rd a m p a k p a d a d a y a s a in g .
R e n d a h n y a d a y a s a in g p ro d u k -p ro d u k In d o n e s ia s a la h s a tu n y a a d a la h
b ia y a lo g is tik y a n g tin g g i.
H a l itu a n ta ra la in k a re n a p ra s a -ra n a lo g is tik a d a y a n g m a s ih k o n v e n s io n a l (ja la n , p e la b u h a n , d a n
h u b u n g a n a n ta rm o d a ). S e rta , b e lu m
te rb a n g u n n y a k o n e k tiv ita s a n ta ra
s a tu lo k a s i d a n lo k a s i la in n y a y a n g
m e n g h u b u n g k a n a n ta ra p u s a t-p u s a t
p ro d u k s i d a n p a s a r / p u s a t k o n s u m s i
s e h in g g a p e n g irim a n k o n ta in e r d i d a la m n e g e ri m e n ja d i m a h a l d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n m e n g irim k a n k o n ta in e r
k e lu a r n e g e ri.
N e g a ra In d o n e s ia a d a la h n e g a ra
k e p u la u a n , te ta p i s e b a g ia n b e s a r p ra s a ra n a b e ra d a d i d a ra t tid a k m e n d u k u n g k e te rk a ita n a n ta rp u la u . H a l in i
m e n y e b a b k a n b ia y a a n g k u t a n ta rk o ta
a ta u a n ta rp u la u d i In d o n e s ia ju g a ja u h le b ih tin g g i d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n
d a ri S in g a p u ra k e b e rb a g a i tu ju a n d id a la m n e g e ri.
S e b a g a i c o n to h u n tu k ru te y a n g s a m a , o n g k o s p e n g a p a la n k o n ta in e r d a ri P a d a n g (S u m a tra B a ra t) k e J a k a rta
m e n c a p a i 6 0 0 d o la r A S , s e d a n g k a n
d a ri S in g a p u ra k e J a k a rta h a n y a 1 8 5
26
25
27
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
28
29
16
30
31
'~'" J/Jn
,
..,.
.................•..............
L o g is tik
B
(~ [~ ~ :& ~ :3 ~
clan Daya Saing
n e g a ra ra k s a s a
e k o n o m i d u n ia y a n g
b a ru B R IC S a ta u p u n
b e b e ra p a n e g a ra d i
A S E A N . In d o n e s ia
hanya unggul dengan
n e g a ra R u s ia . In d o n e s ia ja u h d i
b a w a h In d ia , C in a ,
B ra s ilju g a d e n g a n S in g a p u ra , M a la y s ia ,
d a n F ilip in a , S e la in
k o n e k tiv ita s y a n g
m e n y e b a b k a n m a h a ln y a o n g k o s lo g is tik
a d a la h k e te rs e d ia a n
d a n k u a lita s in fra -
d o la r A S . B e lu m la g i
. s e tia p k a p a l y a n g
m e la k u k a n b o n g k a r
m u a t d i p e la b u h a n
h a ru s m e n g a lo k a s ik a n d a n a n y a R p
1 5 0 ju ta p e r h a ri.ln i
sem uayang
m e n y e b a b k a n p e rfo rm a lo g is tik In d o n e s ia
s e m a k in b u ru k .
S a a t in i o n g k o s 1 0 g is tik d i In d o n e s ia
b e rk is a r 2 4 % , b a n d in g k a n d e n g a n
M a la y s ia 1 5 % , A m e rik a S e rik a t d a n
J e p a n g 1 0 % . S e k ita r 2 4 % b ia y a lo g is tik s e ta ra R p 1 .8 2 0 triliu n , te rd iri a ta s
B ia y a p e n y im p a n a n R p 5 4 6 triliu n ,
b ia y a tra n s p o rta s i R p 1 .0 9 2 triliu n ,
b ia y a a d m in is tra s i R p 1 8 2 triliu n .
S e la in itu , m u tu p e la y a n a n lo g is tik
y a n g b u ru k (w a k tu je d a b a ra n g -b a ra n g im p o r itu b is a 5 ,5 h a ri,b a n d in g k a n d e n g a n A m e rik a y a n g m e m ilik i
je d a w a k tu 1 ,2 h a ri, R o tte rd a m B e la n d a 1 ,1 h a ri, d a n S in g a p u ra k u ra n g
d a ri 1 h a ri, b ia y a a n g k u t).
H a s il p e n ila ia n L o g is tic
P e rfo rm a n c e In d e x 2 0 1 0 , In d o n e s ia
m e n g a la m i p e n u ru n a n p e rin g k a t d a ri
p e rin g k a t k e -4 3 d i ta h u n 2 0 0 7 m e n ja d i p e rin g k a t 7 5 d i ta h u n 2 0 1 0 .
K in e rja lo g is tik n a s io n a l s a a t in i
b e lu m m a m p u m e n g u n g g u li n e g a ra -
s tru k tu r.
P a d a la p o ra n W o rld E c o n o m ic F o ru m 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 2 , k u a lita s in fra s tru k tu r
s e c a ra m e n y e lu ru h b e ra d a p a d a p e rin g k a t 8 2 d a ri 1 3 4 n e g a ra b a n d in g k a n d e n g a n M a la y s ia y a n g b e ra d a d i
p e rin g k a t 2 3 . K u a lita s in fra s tru k tu r
te re n d a h a d a la h k u a lita s p e la b u h a n
y a n g b e ra d a p a d a p e rin g k a t 1 0 3 d a n
k e te rs e d ia a n lis trik y a n g b e ra d a p a d a
p e rin g k a t 9 8 .
U n tu k m e n in g k a tk a n d a y a s a in g
p ro d u k d o m e s tik , p e rb a ik a n in fra s tru k tu r m e ru p a k a n h a l p o k o k . H a l
la in y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n tin g g in y a b ia y a lo g is tik a d a la h tu rn p a n g tin d ih n y a p e ra tu ra n p u s a t d a n d a e ra h ,
m a ra k n y a p u n g u ta n re s m i d i d a e ra h
d a n a rm a d a y a n g tid a k la y a k te ta p
b e ro p e ra s i.
Penutup
M e m p e rh a tik a n h a l-h a l te rs e b u t,
b e b e ra p a h a l y a n g p a tu t m e n ja d i p e r- .
h a tia n a d a la h (1 ) p e m b e n a h a n s e c a ra m e n y e lu ru h te rh a d a p in fra s tru k tu r d a n k o n e k tiv ita s tid a k d a p a t
d itu n d a b a ik d i p u s a t m a u p u n d a e -'
ra h d e n g a n p e n e k a n a n p a d a lo g is tik
p a n ta i, (2 ) m e n g h ila n g k a n p e ra tu ra n
d a e ra h y a n g m e n in g k a tk a n . o n g k o s
lo g is tik , (3 ) s ta n d a rd is a s i u m u r
k e n d a ra a n , (4 ) e v a lu a s i u n tu k h a l-h a l
y a n g s e la m a in i m e n ja d i b e b a n b ia y a
lo g is tik a n ta ra la in ru m itn y a p e riz in a n , b ia y a a n tre a n k e p e la b u h a n , 'b ia y a
s e w a g u d a n g , k e p e n g u ru s a n d i
p a b e a n , d a n la in -la in .
J a w a B a ra t s e b a g a i k o n trib u to r k e tig a te rb e s a r te rh a d a p p ro d u k
d o m e s tik b ru to (P D B ) d e n g a n ju m la h in d u s tri te rb e s a r te n tu n y a p e rlu
m e m p e rh a tik a n b a g a im a n a m e n e k a n
b ia y a lo g is tik , m e n g in g a t b a n y a k n y a
in d u s tri d i J a b a r y a n g ju g a m e m e rlu k a n ja s a lo g is tik y a n g m u ra h a g a r
o n g k o s lo g is tik d a p a t d ite k a n . L o g is tik y a n g d im a k s u d m e lip u ti b ia y a
p e n g a d a a n , b ia y a s e w a g u d a n g , b ia y a
tra n s p o rta s i, d a n b ia y a p e n y im panan.
***
Ina P r im ia n a , G u r u B e s a r
F a k u lta s E k o n o m i d a n B is n is (F E B )
U n iv e r s ita s P a d ja d ja r a n (U n p a d ),
I( lip
i n g Hum a 5 Un pad
2012
a n g g o ta L P 3 E K a d in Ir :.d o n e s i~