The Micropropagation of Bananas
But. Agron. (28) (3) 94 - 98 (2000)
TheMicropropagation of Bananas
A. Ernawati, Rubbyanto, L. W. Gunawan, A. Purwito, D. Sukmanal)
ABSTRACT
A study to obtain a methodof rapid clonal propagation of bananaswasdone. The investigatedcultivars were
Pisang Mas (AA), Pisang Ambon Kuning (AAA), Pisang Barangan (AAA), and Pisang Rajabulu (AAB). The basal
mediumwasMS, the treatmentwereIAA (0 - 4.5 mg/l) and BAP (0 - 10.5mg/l), and the explantsweresuckersfrom the
field. The experimentwas designedwith Randomizedcompletedesign,and repeatedin 10 bottlesfor each treatment.
The result of experimentshowedthat IAA alone significantly inducedshoot multiplication. The role of IAA could be
replaced by BAP. Cultivars, IAA and BAP interactedeach other to induceshoot multiplication. The best treatmentto
induceshootmultiplication was the combinationof IAA and BAP, and the concentrationdependon the cultivar. After 8
weeks,the highest number of axilar shoots (12.6 shoots/bottles)was obtainedby Pisang Ambon (AAA),followed by
Pisang Mas (AA) 8.2 shoot/bottle, Pisang Barangan (AAA) 7.8 shoot/bottle, and Pisang Rajabulu (AAB) 7.6
shoot/bottle.
Key words: Banana, Micropropagation
INTRODUCTION
Bananasis an importantfruit in Indonesia,because
of nutritive values, as sourceof vitamins, minerals and
carbohydrates.The bananasalso easily grow in many
areas in Indonesia.The domestic demand of bananas
increase5-10 % per annum,while the exsport markets
always open, such as in Japanand Korea. To increase
the production of bananas,good quality and quality of
seedlingsare necessary.Tissueculture techniquecan be
usedto achievethat purpose.In this paper,somefactors
affecting the micropropagationof bananasarereported.
BAP and IAA, and incubated at 25°C under light
illumination for I6 hoursper day.
Selection to Get Shoot Multiplication lines
The suckers that could be multiplied into more
than 3 shootswere maintainedand subculturedfor ten
times in the MS medium containing BAP and fAA.
Number of shoot formed in the cultured were counted
every four weeks,and subculturedwas doneevery eight
weeks.The axilar shootsthat could not multiply were
discarded.The producedaxilar shootswere usedfor the
following study, to improve medium, for a ;better
propagationrate.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Investigated cultivars in the experiment were
Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata, AA group), Pisang
Ambon (Musa acuminata, AAA group), Pisang
Barangan(Musa acuminata, AAA group) and Pisang
Rajabulu(Musa Paradisiaca,AAB group).
Initiation ofCu/ture
The explantswere suckersobtainedfrom the field.
The suckers were sterilized by soaking them in the
mixture of detergent,Agrimycin and Dithane M-45, for
overnight. The suckers were then sterilized with
NaHCIO (10%) and sterilized water in the laminar
airflow cabinet. The sterilized suckers(diameter 1 cm)
were then placed on the solid MS medium containing
') Star Pcnga.iarJurusanBudidayaPertanianFakultasPertanianIPB
94
TheEffectsof BAP and IAA. on the Micropropagations
of Axi/ar Shoots,
Single axilar shootexcisedfrom selectedlines was
usedas an explant.The explantswere transferredto the
MS basalsolid mediumto eliminatecarry over effect of
the previousmedia. The cultureswere incubatedat the
standardcondition(25°C, 16hours/dayillumination) for
10 weeks. In order to know the multiplication rate
potential of cultivars, the explantswere then cultivated
on the MS-O again, and incubated for 8 weeks;
subsequentlywere used for the following experiment.
The treatmentswere IAA (0-4.5 mg/l) and BAP (0-10.5
mg/i), which were addedon the MS basalmedium.The
experiment was designedwith Randomizedcomplete
design and repeatedin 10 bottles for each treatment.
Cultureswere incubatedon the standardcondition.
~
Bul. Agron. (28) (3) 94 - 98 (2000)
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Initiation of Cultures
t:i
~
The suckerswere collected from field during dry
season(Juni - Agustus, 1992)and wet season(October
- December,1992). Most of suckers (90%) collected
from the field during dry seasonwere died in the culture
because of browning. Some treatments such as
subculturing in a medium containing antioxsidant
(Vitamin C, 0.5 mg/l), or transfering to liquid medium
were not able to reducethe percentageof deathculture.
In the contrary, the cultures initiated from suckers
collectedduring rainy season,grew well and numberof
deathcultureswere relatifely low (30%).
Tabel I showed that Pisang Ambon Kuning
producedhighest number of shootsthan other cultivar.
But the multiplication rate depen on the growth
regulator.Therewere someexplantswhich remainto be
single without any dome or adventif shoot. Among
those four cultivars, Pisang Rajabulu was the most
difficult to break its dontlancy and time needed to
induce dome or shootswas the longest.The percentage
of browning and deathexplantswas also the highest.It
might relateto cultivar.
The Effectsof RAP and fAA on the Micropropagations
of Axilar Shoots
Tabel 2 showed the number of axilar shoot
producedin plant growth regulatorfree media.
The results are for the mean of 10 replicates
(bottles)containing1 explant/bottle.
Cultivars
4
Mas(AA)
AmbonK. (AAA)
Barangan(AAA)
Rajabulu(AAB)
T35b
T35b
2.63 ab
3.99 a
2.92 ab
3.07 a
3.99 a
2.92 a
6
1.35b
3.22 a
4.38 a
2.92 a
7
1.35b
3.38 a
4.47 a
3.03 a
8
1.46b
3.5 b
4.47 a
3.03 a
Note
A. Ernawati,Rubbyanto,L. W. Gunawan,A. Purwito, D. Sukmana
95
But. Agron. (28) (3) 94 - 98 (2000)
Tabel 3. The effect of IAA on the productionof axilar shootsof four bananacultivars.
Weeksafter initiation
IAA (mgil)
4
5
6
7
8
2.16 g
4.56 de
2.42 fg
2.22 f
5.12cd
2.67 ef
2.39g
5.21 de
2.81 fg
7.50 b
10.26a
9.68 a
7.97 bc
10.99 a
5.45c
4.65 cd
5.02 cd
5.70 d
4.74 de
5.21 de
Mas (AA)
1.5
3.0
4.5
Note:
1.96g
4.25 cde
2.29 fg
1.5
3.0
4.5
4.47 be
6.10 a
5.16 ab
Ambon (AAA)
5.70bc
6.68 be
8.20a
9.48 a
6.90 ab
8.44 ab
1.5
3.0
4.5
3.19 d
2.81 de
3.63 cd
Barangan(AAA)
4.65 cd
4.98 de
3.87 de
4.38 de
4.30 cde
4.56 de
1.5
3.0
4.5
2.81 de
4.38 bc
3.58 cd
Rajabulu(AAB)
3.11 ef
3.50 ef
5.31bcd
6.00 cd
4.21 cde
4.54 de
9.99 ab
3.86 ef
6.47 cd
4.93 de
3.70 de
6.31bc
4.84 cd
Number followed by the sameletter in the samecolumn was not significantly different by the Duncantest
(5%). The resultsare for the meanof 10replicates.
Tabel4.
The effect of IAA andBAP on the averagenumberof shootsper explantof four cultivar banana.
Tr t
t
ea men
liB 1
IIB2
I,B3
12B1
12B2
12B3
13BI
13B2
13B:!
liB.
IIB2
tlB3
12B.
12B2
12B3
13BI
13B2
13B3
96
1.46f
3.15 d
1.93ef
5
2.96 h-m
0.99n
2.161-n
2.49j-n
6.68 a-f
3.99 f-m
1.87mn
2.32 k-n
2.70 i-n
4.79 b-k
5.90 a-g
6.52 a-f
7.91 a-c
7.85 a-d
8.92 a
5.63 b-i
8.14 ab
7.28 a-c
6
Weeksafter initiation
Mas (AA)
3.58 fog
0.99n
2.161-n
2.70 h-k
7.23a-e
4.25 e-j
1.96mn
2.42 i-k
2.96h-1<
Ambon (AAA)
5.5 c-h
6.39 c-g
8.44a-d
8.86a-c
9.05 a-c
10.59ab
6.26 c-g
11.06a
8.44a-d
7
8
,
3.91.h-m
0.99n
2.161-n
2.81j-n
7.91 a-g
5.21 e-j
1.96mn
2.85j-n
4.04 g-m
1.19n
2.261-n
2.81j-n
8.81j-n
5.21 e-j
2.12 In
2.99j-n
3.25i-m
3.38j-n
6.16 d-i
7.68 a-g
8.80a-d
9.68 a-g
9.8 a-d
11.54ab
7.06c-h
11.89a
10.46a-c
6.42 c-i
8.14 a-e
9.42 a-e
10.32a-c
10.32a-c
12.24ab
10.32a-c
12.6 a
10.72ab
The Micropropagation of Bananas
,
Bul. Agron. (28) (3) 94 - 98 (2000)
oQ
,.
IIBI
I)B2
I,B3
12BI
12B2
12B3
13BI
13B2
I..B..
5.02 b-j
4.38 e-i
4.56 d-e
5.40 a-I
1.90mn
4.65 c-1
3.07 g-m
6.21 a-f
3.87 f-m
1\ 81
2.96 h-m
4.74 c-k
1.90mn
4.30 1m
5.70 a-h
6.05 a-f
4.70 c-1
4.12 e-m
3.70 f-m
82
83
1281
1282
1283
1381
1382
1383
II
II
Note
Barangan(AAA)
5.50 c-h
4.38 e-j
5.02 d-l
6.58 c-f
1.90mn
5.40 c-h
3.42 g-j
6.54 c-f
4.04 c-j
Rajabulu(AAB)
3.07h-j
5.40 c-h
2.36 i-k
4.43 e-j
6.68 b-f
7.12 a-e
5.07 d-i
4.38 e-j
4.25e-j.
6.05 d-i
4.70 g-1
5.75e-J
7.00c-h
].90 mn
5.80 c-j
3.42 I-m
7.34 b-h
4.6] g-1
6.47 c-i
4.84 e-1
5.75 d-j
7.23 b-g
1.90mn
5.80 d-j
3.42 I-n
7.85 b-f
4.84 e-1
3.38 l-m
5.60 f-j
2.36 k-n
4.74 g-l
7.01c-h
7.28b-h
5.21 f-j
4.38 e-j
4.88 g-k
5.90 d-j
2.36 k-n
4.74 g-l
7.17 b-h
7.68 b-f
5.21 ek
4.38 f-m
5.21 e-k
3.74h-m
Number followed by the sameletter in the samecolumn was not significant on the Duncantest (5%). The
resultsare for the meanof 10replicates.
II: 1.5mg/IIAA
BI :3.5mgiIBAP
i
12:3.0mg/IIAA
B2:7.0mgiIBAP
;'
13: 4.5 mg/l IAA
B3 : 1Q5 mgil BAP
The potential axilar shoots produced per explant
on the MS basalmediumwithout plant growth regulator
was different among cultivars from cultivar to other
cultivars.This data showedthat there were differences
on the capability of cultivars to produceaxilar shoot in
theplant growth regulatorfree medium.
The lowest number of shoots was obtained by
PisangMas, while the highest one was achieved by
PisangBarangan.There were no significant differences
on the numberof axilar shootsamongPisangBarangan,
Ambon Kuning and Rajabulu. Pisang Mas (Musa
acuminata,AA) is belongto diploid banana,while other
cultivar are belongto triploid cultivar. It seemsthat the
multiplication rate of triploid cultivar is higher than
diploid cultivar. According to Vuylsteke and de Langhe
(1984)the multiplication rate of the AA diploid cultivar
waslower than the AAA triploid cultivar, and the AAA
triploid cultivar was lower than multiplication rate of
the AAB triploid cultivar.
The addition of BAP and IAA on the medium
induced higher shoot multiplication. The interaction
effect between IAA and cultivar on the shoot
multiplicationwas showedon Tabel 3.
The Pisang Mas, Ambon and Rajabulu tend to
producethe highest number of axilar shoots on the
mediumcontaining3 mg/l IAA, and the 4.5 mg/l IAA
tendto decreasenumberof axilar shootsper explant~
In caseof PisangBarangan,different concentrationof
A. Ernawati, Rubbyanto,
IAA did not induce significant axilar shoot production.
The additionof exogenousauxin changedthe balanceof
endogenousplant homone then were followed by
morphogenesis.
The concentrationof BAP addedto the treatments
were high enoughbut there was no significant result on
the shoot mu)tiplication of the four cultivars. It was
possiblethe endogenouscytokinin of bananaswas high
enough,thereforethe addition of exogenouscytokinin
did not give significant result. Another possibility, the
concentrationsof cytokinin were in the samerangethat
could not inducesignificantresult.
Tabel 4 showed the interaction effect of IAA BAP on the averagenumber of axilar shoots of four
cultivars. At eigh weeks after initiation, in case of
PisangMas, the besttreatmentto inducemultiple shoot
was 3.0 mg/l IAA in combinationof7.0 mgil BAP (8.2
shoots). In case of Pisang Ambon Kuning, the best
treatmentwas 4.5 mg/l IAA in combination with 7.0
mgil BAP (12.24 shoots).In caseof PisangBarangan,
the best treatmentwas 4.5 mgil IAA in combination
with 7.0 mg/l BAP (7.8 shoots). In case of Pisang
Rajabulu, the best treatment was 3 mg/l IAA in
combinationwith 10.5mgil BAP (7.6 shoots).
This result showedthat the multiplication rate was
depend on the cultivar, while the role of growth
regulatorwas as trigger to inducethe potential of shoot
multiplication of eachcultivar.
W. Gunawan, A. Purwito, D. Sukmana
97
~
-
Bul. Agron. (28) (3) 94 98 (2000)
ACKNOW LEDGEMENT
REFERENCE
Vuylsteke, D and E. De Langhe. 1984. Feasibility in
vitro propagationof bananaand plantains. Trop
Agric. 62 (4) : 323 - 328.
98
The Micropropagation of Bananas
TheMicropropagation of Bananas
A. Ernawati, Rubbyanto, L. W. Gunawan, A. Purwito, D. Sukmanal)
ABSTRACT
A study to obtain a methodof rapid clonal propagation of bananaswasdone. The investigatedcultivars were
Pisang Mas (AA), Pisang Ambon Kuning (AAA), Pisang Barangan (AAA), and Pisang Rajabulu (AAB). The basal
mediumwasMS, the treatmentwereIAA (0 - 4.5 mg/l) and BAP (0 - 10.5mg/l), and the explantsweresuckersfrom the
field. The experimentwas designedwith Randomizedcompletedesign,and repeatedin 10 bottlesfor each treatment.
The result of experimentshowedthat IAA alone significantly inducedshoot multiplication. The role of IAA could be
replaced by BAP. Cultivars, IAA and BAP interactedeach other to induceshoot multiplication. The best treatmentto
induceshootmultiplication was the combinationof IAA and BAP, and the concentrationdependon the cultivar. After 8
weeks,the highest number of axilar shoots (12.6 shoots/bottles)was obtainedby Pisang Ambon (AAA),followed by
Pisang Mas (AA) 8.2 shoot/bottle, Pisang Barangan (AAA) 7.8 shoot/bottle, and Pisang Rajabulu (AAB) 7.6
shoot/bottle.
Key words: Banana, Micropropagation
INTRODUCTION
Bananasis an importantfruit in Indonesia,because
of nutritive values, as sourceof vitamins, minerals and
carbohydrates.The bananasalso easily grow in many
areas in Indonesia.The domestic demand of bananas
increase5-10 % per annum,while the exsport markets
always open, such as in Japanand Korea. To increase
the production of bananas,good quality and quality of
seedlingsare necessary.Tissueculture techniquecan be
usedto achievethat purpose.In this paper,somefactors
affecting the micropropagationof bananasarereported.
BAP and IAA, and incubated at 25°C under light
illumination for I6 hoursper day.
Selection to Get Shoot Multiplication lines
The suckers that could be multiplied into more
than 3 shootswere maintainedand subculturedfor ten
times in the MS medium containing BAP and fAA.
Number of shoot formed in the cultured were counted
every four weeks,and subculturedwas doneevery eight
weeks.The axilar shootsthat could not multiply were
discarded.The producedaxilar shootswere usedfor the
following study, to improve medium, for a ;better
propagationrate.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Investigated cultivars in the experiment were
Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata, AA group), Pisang
Ambon (Musa acuminata, AAA group), Pisang
Barangan(Musa acuminata, AAA group) and Pisang
Rajabulu(Musa Paradisiaca,AAB group).
Initiation ofCu/ture
The explantswere suckersobtainedfrom the field.
The suckers were sterilized by soaking them in the
mixture of detergent,Agrimycin and Dithane M-45, for
overnight. The suckers were then sterilized with
NaHCIO (10%) and sterilized water in the laminar
airflow cabinet. The sterilized suckers(diameter 1 cm)
were then placed on the solid MS medium containing
') Star Pcnga.iarJurusanBudidayaPertanianFakultasPertanianIPB
94
TheEffectsof BAP and IAA. on the Micropropagations
of Axi/ar Shoots,
Single axilar shootexcisedfrom selectedlines was
usedas an explant.The explantswere transferredto the
MS basalsolid mediumto eliminatecarry over effect of
the previousmedia. The cultureswere incubatedat the
standardcondition(25°C, 16hours/dayillumination) for
10 weeks. In order to know the multiplication rate
potential of cultivars, the explantswere then cultivated
on the MS-O again, and incubated for 8 weeks;
subsequentlywere used for the following experiment.
The treatmentswere IAA (0-4.5 mg/l) and BAP (0-10.5
mg/i), which were addedon the MS basalmedium.The
experiment was designedwith Randomizedcomplete
design and repeatedin 10 bottles for each treatment.
Cultureswere incubatedon the standardcondition.
~
Bul. Agron. (28) (3) 94 - 98 (2000)
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Initiation of Cultures
t:i
~
The suckerswere collected from field during dry
season(Juni - Agustus, 1992)and wet season(October
- December,1992). Most of suckers (90%) collected
from the field during dry seasonwere died in the culture
because of browning. Some treatments such as
subculturing in a medium containing antioxsidant
(Vitamin C, 0.5 mg/l), or transfering to liquid medium
were not able to reducethe percentageof deathculture.
In the contrary, the cultures initiated from suckers
collectedduring rainy season,grew well and numberof
deathcultureswere relatifely low (30%).
Tabel I showed that Pisang Ambon Kuning
producedhighest number of shootsthan other cultivar.
But the multiplication rate depen on the growth
regulator.Therewere someexplantswhich remainto be
single without any dome or adventif shoot. Among
those four cultivars, Pisang Rajabulu was the most
difficult to break its dontlancy and time needed to
induce dome or shootswas the longest.The percentage
of browning and deathexplantswas also the highest.It
might relateto cultivar.
The Effectsof RAP and fAA on the Micropropagations
of Axilar Shoots
Tabel 2 showed the number of axilar shoot
producedin plant growth regulatorfree media.
The results are for the mean of 10 replicates
(bottles)containing1 explant/bottle.
Cultivars
4
Mas(AA)
AmbonK. (AAA)
Barangan(AAA)
Rajabulu(AAB)
T35b
T35b
2.63 ab
3.99 a
2.92 ab
3.07 a
3.99 a
2.92 a
6
1.35b
3.22 a
4.38 a
2.92 a
7
1.35b
3.38 a
4.47 a
3.03 a
8
1.46b
3.5 b
4.47 a
3.03 a
Note
A. Ernawati,Rubbyanto,L. W. Gunawan,A. Purwito, D. Sukmana
95
But. Agron. (28) (3) 94 - 98 (2000)
Tabel 3. The effect of IAA on the productionof axilar shootsof four bananacultivars.
Weeksafter initiation
IAA (mgil)
4
5
6
7
8
2.16 g
4.56 de
2.42 fg
2.22 f
5.12cd
2.67 ef
2.39g
5.21 de
2.81 fg
7.50 b
10.26a
9.68 a
7.97 bc
10.99 a
5.45c
4.65 cd
5.02 cd
5.70 d
4.74 de
5.21 de
Mas (AA)
1.5
3.0
4.5
Note:
1.96g
4.25 cde
2.29 fg
1.5
3.0
4.5
4.47 be
6.10 a
5.16 ab
Ambon (AAA)
5.70bc
6.68 be
8.20a
9.48 a
6.90 ab
8.44 ab
1.5
3.0
4.5
3.19 d
2.81 de
3.63 cd
Barangan(AAA)
4.65 cd
4.98 de
3.87 de
4.38 de
4.30 cde
4.56 de
1.5
3.0
4.5
2.81 de
4.38 bc
3.58 cd
Rajabulu(AAB)
3.11 ef
3.50 ef
5.31bcd
6.00 cd
4.21 cde
4.54 de
9.99 ab
3.86 ef
6.47 cd
4.93 de
3.70 de
6.31bc
4.84 cd
Number followed by the sameletter in the samecolumn was not significantly different by the Duncantest
(5%). The resultsare for the meanof 10replicates.
Tabel4.
The effect of IAA andBAP on the averagenumberof shootsper explantof four cultivar banana.
Tr t
t
ea men
liB 1
IIB2
I,B3
12B1
12B2
12B3
13BI
13B2
13B:!
liB.
IIB2
tlB3
12B.
12B2
12B3
13BI
13B2
13B3
96
1.46f
3.15 d
1.93ef
5
2.96 h-m
0.99n
2.161-n
2.49j-n
6.68 a-f
3.99 f-m
1.87mn
2.32 k-n
2.70 i-n
4.79 b-k
5.90 a-g
6.52 a-f
7.91 a-c
7.85 a-d
8.92 a
5.63 b-i
8.14 ab
7.28 a-c
6
Weeksafter initiation
Mas (AA)
3.58 fog
0.99n
2.161-n
2.70 h-k
7.23a-e
4.25 e-j
1.96mn
2.42 i-k
2.96h-1<
Ambon (AAA)
5.5 c-h
6.39 c-g
8.44a-d
8.86a-c
9.05 a-c
10.59ab
6.26 c-g
11.06a
8.44a-d
7
8
,
3.91.h-m
0.99n
2.161-n
2.81j-n
7.91 a-g
5.21 e-j
1.96mn
2.85j-n
4.04 g-m
1.19n
2.261-n
2.81j-n
8.81j-n
5.21 e-j
2.12 In
2.99j-n
3.25i-m
3.38j-n
6.16 d-i
7.68 a-g
8.80a-d
9.68 a-g
9.8 a-d
11.54ab
7.06c-h
11.89a
10.46a-c
6.42 c-i
8.14 a-e
9.42 a-e
10.32a-c
10.32a-c
12.24ab
10.32a-c
12.6 a
10.72ab
The Micropropagation of Bananas
,
Bul. Agron. (28) (3) 94 - 98 (2000)
oQ
,.
IIBI
I)B2
I,B3
12BI
12B2
12B3
13BI
13B2
I..B..
5.02 b-j
4.38 e-i
4.56 d-e
5.40 a-I
1.90mn
4.65 c-1
3.07 g-m
6.21 a-f
3.87 f-m
1\ 81
2.96 h-m
4.74 c-k
1.90mn
4.30 1m
5.70 a-h
6.05 a-f
4.70 c-1
4.12 e-m
3.70 f-m
82
83
1281
1282
1283
1381
1382
1383
II
II
Note
Barangan(AAA)
5.50 c-h
4.38 e-j
5.02 d-l
6.58 c-f
1.90mn
5.40 c-h
3.42 g-j
6.54 c-f
4.04 c-j
Rajabulu(AAB)
3.07h-j
5.40 c-h
2.36 i-k
4.43 e-j
6.68 b-f
7.12 a-e
5.07 d-i
4.38 e-j
4.25e-j.
6.05 d-i
4.70 g-1
5.75e-J
7.00c-h
].90 mn
5.80 c-j
3.42 I-m
7.34 b-h
4.6] g-1
6.47 c-i
4.84 e-1
5.75 d-j
7.23 b-g
1.90mn
5.80 d-j
3.42 I-n
7.85 b-f
4.84 e-1
3.38 l-m
5.60 f-j
2.36 k-n
4.74 g-l
7.01c-h
7.28b-h
5.21 f-j
4.38 e-j
4.88 g-k
5.90 d-j
2.36 k-n
4.74 g-l
7.17 b-h
7.68 b-f
5.21 ek
4.38 f-m
5.21 e-k
3.74h-m
Number followed by the sameletter in the samecolumn was not significant on the Duncantest (5%). The
resultsare for the meanof 10replicates.
II: 1.5mg/IIAA
BI :3.5mgiIBAP
i
12:3.0mg/IIAA
B2:7.0mgiIBAP
;'
13: 4.5 mg/l IAA
B3 : 1Q5 mgil BAP
The potential axilar shoots produced per explant
on the MS basalmediumwithout plant growth regulator
was different among cultivars from cultivar to other
cultivars.This data showedthat there were differences
on the capability of cultivars to produceaxilar shoot in
theplant growth regulatorfree medium.
The lowest number of shoots was obtained by
PisangMas, while the highest one was achieved by
PisangBarangan.There were no significant differences
on the numberof axilar shootsamongPisangBarangan,
Ambon Kuning and Rajabulu. Pisang Mas (Musa
acuminata,AA) is belongto diploid banana,while other
cultivar are belongto triploid cultivar. It seemsthat the
multiplication rate of triploid cultivar is higher than
diploid cultivar. According to Vuylsteke and de Langhe
(1984)the multiplication rate of the AA diploid cultivar
waslower than the AAA triploid cultivar, and the AAA
triploid cultivar was lower than multiplication rate of
the AAB triploid cultivar.
The addition of BAP and IAA on the medium
induced higher shoot multiplication. The interaction
effect between IAA and cultivar on the shoot
multiplicationwas showedon Tabel 3.
The Pisang Mas, Ambon and Rajabulu tend to
producethe highest number of axilar shoots on the
mediumcontaining3 mg/l IAA, and the 4.5 mg/l IAA
tendto decreasenumberof axilar shootsper explant~
In caseof PisangBarangan,different concentrationof
A. Ernawati, Rubbyanto,
IAA did not induce significant axilar shoot production.
The additionof exogenousauxin changedthe balanceof
endogenousplant homone then were followed by
morphogenesis.
The concentrationof BAP addedto the treatments
were high enoughbut there was no significant result on
the shoot mu)tiplication of the four cultivars. It was
possiblethe endogenouscytokinin of bananaswas high
enough,thereforethe addition of exogenouscytokinin
did not give significant result. Another possibility, the
concentrationsof cytokinin were in the samerangethat
could not inducesignificantresult.
Tabel 4 showed the interaction effect of IAA BAP on the averagenumber of axilar shoots of four
cultivars. At eigh weeks after initiation, in case of
PisangMas, the besttreatmentto inducemultiple shoot
was 3.0 mg/l IAA in combinationof7.0 mgil BAP (8.2
shoots). In case of Pisang Ambon Kuning, the best
treatmentwas 4.5 mg/l IAA in combination with 7.0
mgil BAP (12.24 shoots).In caseof PisangBarangan,
the best treatmentwas 4.5 mgil IAA in combination
with 7.0 mg/l BAP (7.8 shoots). In case of Pisang
Rajabulu, the best treatment was 3 mg/l IAA in
combinationwith 10.5mgil BAP (7.6 shoots).
This result showedthat the multiplication rate was
depend on the cultivar, while the role of growth
regulatorwas as trigger to inducethe potential of shoot
multiplication of eachcultivar.
W. Gunawan, A. Purwito, D. Sukmana
97
~
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Bul. Agron. (28) (3) 94 98 (2000)
ACKNOW LEDGEMENT
REFERENCE
Vuylsteke, D and E. De Langhe. 1984. Feasibility in
vitro propagationof bananaand plantains. Trop
Agric. 62 (4) : 323 - 328.
98
The Micropropagation of Bananas