Pengaruh Aging pada Film Lateks Karet Alam Berpengisi Nanokristalin Selulosa dan Penyerasi Alkanolamida
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] GAPKINDO. 2014. Rubber Production in Indonesia. www.gapkindo.org. Diakses
pada 3 September 2015.
[2] On, N. K., Rashid, A.A., Nazlan, M. M. M. Dan Hamdan, H. 2011. Thermal and
Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Latex-Silica Aerogel Film. Journal of
Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 124, 3108-3116.
[3] Chen, Dan. 2012. Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived
From Potato Peel Waste. Mc Master University.
[4] Arioen, Refi. 2011. Kajian Perlakuan Awal Secara Basa dan Enzimatis untuk
Menghidrolisis Ampas Tebu Menjadi Gula Reduksi. Universitas Lampung. Lampung.
[5] Correa, J.L., Vela, A.F., Grimaldo, D.O. dan Delgado, J.B. 2010. Experimental
Evaluation of Sugar Cane Bagasse Storage in Bales System. Journal of Applied
Research and Technology.
[6] Egwaikhide, A. P., Okleimen, F.E., and Lawal. U. 2013. Rheological and
Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Compound Filled with Carbonized Palm
Kernel Husk and Carbon Black. Science Journal of Chemistry (15):50-55.
[7] Hashim, A. dan Ikram A. 2003. Enviromental Advantage of Natural Rubber Latex
Products. Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia.
[8] Neiman, M. B. 1965. Aging and Stabilization of Polymers. Consultants Bureau.
New York.
[9] Azura, A.R., Ghazali, S. dan Mariatti, M. 2008. Effects of the Filler Loading and
Aging Time on the Mechanical and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Carbon Black
Filled Natural Rubber. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 110, 747-752.
[10] Harahap, H., Hartanto, A., Hadinatan, K., Surya, I. dan Azahari, B. 2015. Effect
of Aging on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Filled with Alkanolamide-
67
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Modified Cassava Peel Waste Powder (CPWP). Advanced Materials Research Vol.
1123 (2015) pp 387-390.
[11] Hulu, Temali. 2013. Pengaruh Ekstrak Nenas (Ananas sativus) sebagai Koagulan
terhadap Kualitas Lembaran Karet. Medan: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu
Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara.
[12] Hadiati, Rafika. 2011. Pengaruh Berat Pengisi Kaolin dan Waktu Vulkanisasi
Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik, Swelling Index dan Morfologi Film Lateks Karet Alam.
Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas
Sumatera Utara : Medan.
[13] Fachry, A. R., Sari, T. I., Putra, B.A. dan Kristianto, D.A. 2012. Pengaruh
Penambahan Filler Kaolin terhadap Elastisitas Kekerasan Produk Souvenir dari
Karet Alam (Havea brasiliensis). Prosiding SNTK TOPI 2012. ISSN. 1907-0500.
[14] PSLC. 2000. The Story of Rubber. www.pslc.ws. Diakses pada 3 September 2015.
[15] Maulida. 2010. Campuran Limbah Padat Organik Dan Anorganik Pulp Sebagai
Bahan Pengisi Mikrokomposit Termoplastik Poliolefin. Disertasi Doktor. Program
Doktor Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan.
[16] Utracki, Leszek A. 2002. Compatibilizion of Polymer Blends. The Canadian
Journal of Chemical Engineering. Volume 80.
[17] Lee, Yong-Jae. 2005. Oxidation of Sugarcane Bagasse Using A Combination of
Hypochlorite and Peroxide. Choonam National University.
[18] Kusuma, Korison Jati. 2009. Pengaruh Tingkat Penggunaan Ampas Tebu
(Bagasse) Fermentasi dalam Ransum terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan
Organik pada Domba Lokal Jantan. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Surakarta.
[19] Sumaiyah. 2014. Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Mikrokristal dan
Nanokristal Tandan Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) dan Penggunaannya
68
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Sebagai Eksipien dalam Tablet Natrium Diklofenak. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Medan.
[20] Namikaze,
L.
2014.
Struktur
dan
Metabolisme
Karbohidrat.
www.evilgenius.student.unej.ac.id.
[21] Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., dan Wagenknecht, W. 1998.
Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry. Volume 1: Fundamentals and Analytical
Methods. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.Hal. 1, 14, 18
[22] Gea, S. 2010. Innovative Bio-Nanocomposites Based on Bacterial Cellulose. A
Thesis Submitted to The University of London for The Degree of Doctor of
Philosophy. London.Hal. 14, 36-37.
[23] Habibi, Y., Lucia, L.A., dan Rojas, O.J. 2010.
Cellulose Nanocrystals:
Chemistry, Self-Assembly, and Applications. Chemical Reviews. 110: 3479– 3500.
[24] Aulia, Fenny; Marpongahtun dan Gea, Saharman. 2013. Studi Penyediaan
Nanokristal Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS). Jurnal Saintia Kimia Vol. 1,
No. 2. 2013.
[25] Segal, L. 1959. An Empherical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystalinity
of Native Cellulose using the X-Ray Diffractometer. Text. Res. J. 29, 786-794.
[26] Silvério, Hudson Alves., Wilson Pires Flauzino Neto., Noélio Oliveira Dantas.,
Daniel Pasquini. 2013. Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals
from Corncob for Application As Reinforcing Agent in Nanocomposites. Industrial
Crops and Product: 44 427-436.
[27] Park, Sunkyu., John O Baker., Michael E Himmel., Philip A Parilla and David K
Johnson. 2010. Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact
on interpreting cellulase performance. Biotechnology for Biofuels 3:10.
[28] Scherrer P. 1918. Bestimmung der Grösse und der inneren Struktur von
Kolloidteilchen mittels Röntgenstrahlen. Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 26 pp 98-100.
69
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[29] Masyithah, Zuhrina. 2010. Optimasi Sintesis Surfaktan Alkanolamida dari Asam
Laurat dengan Dietanolamina dan n-Metil Glukamina secara Enzimatik. Universitas
Sumatera Utara. Medan.
[30] Wahid, Zaharah. 1998. Potential for Process Improvement of The Rubber Glove
Manufacturing Process- An Industrial Case Study. University of Newcastle upon
Tyne.
[31] Ng, M. C., Hasnida, A. dan Kamarudin, S. 2013. Reduction of Defects in Latex
Dipping Production : A Case Study in a Malaysian Company for Process
Improvement. The International Journal of Engineering and Science.
[32] Stokoe, A.L. 1972. Heat Ageing of Rubbers. NTIS. England.
[33] Hamaguchi, H., Samejima, Y. and Kani, N. 2009. A Study of Aging Effect on
Rubber Bearings After About Twenty Years In Use. 11th World Conference on Seismic
Isolation, Energy Dissipation and Active Vibration Control of Structure.
[34] Surya, I., Ismail, H., and Azura, A. R. 2013. Alkanolamide as an accelerator,
filler-dispersant and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds. Polymer
Testing 32(8) : 1313-1321.
[35] Kamil, E., Khoesoema, E. Dan Harahap, H. 2012. Pengaruh Biodegradasi dengan
Teknik Penanaman pada Produk Lateks Karet Alam Berpengisi Tepung Kulit Pisang
yang Diputihkan dengan Hidrogen Peroksida. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 1, No.2.
[36] Harahap, H., Surya, I., Kamil, E., Khoesoema, E., and Surya, E. 2013. The Effect
of Drying Temperature on Mechanical Properties of The Natural Rubber Latex
Products Filled With Kaolin Modified Alkanolamide. Journal of Asean ++ 2013 :
Moving Forward.
[37] ISO 124. 2011. Latex, Rubber Determination of Total Solid Content.
[38] ISO 188. 2011. Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic- Accelerated Aging and
Heat Resistance Tests.
70
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[39] Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S. 2001. Introduction To Spectroscopy
: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
Singapore.
[40] Dufresne, A., Caville, J., Vignon, M., 1997. “Mechanical behavior of sheets
prepared from sugar beet cellulose microfibrils”. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 64, 1185–1194.
[41] Lin, Ning dan Dusfresne, Alain. 2014. Surface Chemistry, Morphological
Analysis and Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Gradiented Sulfation Degree.
The Royal Society Chemistry Journal. Nanoscale. 5384-5393.
[42] Ioelovich, Michael. 2008. Cellulose as A Nanocstructured Polymer : A Short
Review. Bioresources 3(4), 1403-1418.
[43] Lu, Hongjia., Gui, Yu, Zheng, Longhui dan Liu, Xiong. 2013. Morphological,
Crystalline, Thermal and Physicochemical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals
Obtained From Sweet Potato Residue. Elsevier. Journal of Food Research
International 50, 121-128.
[44] Tan, X. Y., Hamid, S. B. A. dan Lai, C. W. 2015. Preparation of High
Crystallinity Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) by Ionic Liquid Solvolysis. Elsevier.
Biomass and Bioenergy 81, 584-591.
[45] Abraham, E., Deepa, B., Pothan, L. A., John, M., Narine, S. S., Thomas, S., and
Anandjiwala, R. 2013. Physicomechanical Properties of Nanocomposites Based on
Cellulose Nanofibre and Natural Rubber Latex. Cellulose, 20(1), 417-427.
[46] Arayapranee, W dan Rempel, G. L. 2013. Effects of Polarity on the Filler-Rubber
Interaction and Properties of Silica Filled Grafted Natural Rubber Composites.
Journal of Polymers Volume 2013, Article ID 279529.
[47] Mariano, Marcos., Kissi, Nadia El., dan Dufresne, Alain. 2014. Cellulose
Nanocrystals and Related Nanocomposites: Review of Some Properties and
Challenges. Journal of Polymer Scienc, Part B: Polymer Physics.
71
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[48] Ahmed, K., Nizami, S. S., Raza, N. Z. dan Mahmood, K. 2012. Mechanical,
Swelling, and Thermal Aging Properties of Marble Sludge-Natural Rubber Composite.
[49] Chakravarty, S. N. dan Chakravarty, A. 2007. Reinforcement of Rubber
Compounds with Nano-Filler. Kautschuk Gummi Kunststofee 11. p. 619.
[50] Surya, I., Ismail, H. dan Azura, A.R. 2014. The Comparison of Alkanolamide and
Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Silica-Filled Natural Rubber (SMR-L)
Compounds. Journal of Polymer Testing 40, 24-32.
72
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1] GAPKINDO. 2014. Rubber Production in Indonesia. www.gapkindo.org. Diakses
pada 3 September 2015.
[2] On, N. K., Rashid, A.A., Nazlan, M. M. M. Dan Hamdan, H. 2011. Thermal and
Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Rubber Latex-Silica Aerogel Film. Journal of
Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 124, 3108-3116.
[3] Chen, Dan. 2012. Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived
From Potato Peel Waste. Mc Master University.
[4] Arioen, Refi. 2011. Kajian Perlakuan Awal Secara Basa dan Enzimatis untuk
Menghidrolisis Ampas Tebu Menjadi Gula Reduksi. Universitas Lampung. Lampung.
[5] Correa, J.L., Vela, A.F., Grimaldo, D.O. dan Delgado, J.B. 2010. Experimental
Evaluation of Sugar Cane Bagasse Storage in Bales System. Journal of Applied
Research and Technology.
[6] Egwaikhide, A. P., Okleimen, F.E., and Lawal. U. 2013. Rheological and
Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Compound Filled with Carbonized Palm
Kernel Husk and Carbon Black. Science Journal of Chemistry (15):50-55.
[7] Hashim, A. dan Ikram A. 2003. Enviromental Advantage of Natural Rubber Latex
Products. Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia.
[8] Neiman, M. B. 1965. Aging and Stabilization of Polymers. Consultants Bureau.
New York.
[9] Azura, A.R., Ghazali, S. dan Mariatti, M. 2008. Effects of the Filler Loading and
Aging Time on the Mechanical and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Carbon Black
Filled Natural Rubber. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 110, 747-752.
[10] Harahap, H., Hartanto, A., Hadinatan, K., Surya, I. dan Azahari, B. 2015. Effect
of Aging on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Filled with Alkanolamide-
67
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Modified Cassava Peel Waste Powder (CPWP). Advanced Materials Research Vol.
1123 (2015) pp 387-390.
[11] Hulu, Temali. 2013. Pengaruh Ekstrak Nenas (Ananas sativus) sebagai Koagulan
terhadap Kualitas Lembaran Karet. Medan: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu
Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara.
[12] Hadiati, Rafika. 2011. Pengaruh Berat Pengisi Kaolin dan Waktu Vulkanisasi
Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik, Swelling Index dan Morfologi Film Lateks Karet Alam.
Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas
Sumatera Utara : Medan.
[13] Fachry, A. R., Sari, T. I., Putra, B.A. dan Kristianto, D.A. 2012. Pengaruh
Penambahan Filler Kaolin terhadap Elastisitas Kekerasan Produk Souvenir dari
Karet Alam (Havea brasiliensis). Prosiding SNTK TOPI 2012. ISSN. 1907-0500.
[14] PSLC. 2000. The Story of Rubber. www.pslc.ws. Diakses pada 3 September 2015.
[15] Maulida. 2010. Campuran Limbah Padat Organik Dan Anorganik Pulp Sebagai
Bahan Pengisi Mikrokomposit Termoplastik Poliolefin. Disertasi Doktor. Program
Doktor Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan.
[16] Utracki, Leszek A. 2002. Compatibilizion of Polymer Blends. The Canadian
Journal of Chemical Engineering. Volume 80.
[17] Lee, Yong-Jae. 2005. Oxidation of Sugarcane Bagasse Using A Combination of
Hypochlorite and Peroxide. Choonam National University.
[18] Kusuma, Korison Jati. 2009. Pengaruh Tingkat Penggunaan Ampas Tebu
(Bagasse) Fermentasi dalam Ransum terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan
Organik pada Domba Lokal Jantan. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Surakarta.
[19] Sumaiyah. 2014. Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Mikrokristal dan
Nanokristal Tandan Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) dan Penggunaannya
68
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Sebagai Eksipien dalam Tablet Natrium Diklofenak. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Medan.
[20] Namikaze,
L.
2014.
Struktur
dan
Metabolisme
Karbohidrat.
www.evilgenius.student.unej.ac.id.
[21] Klemm, D., Philipp, B., Heinze, T., Heinze, U., dan Wagenknecht, W. 1998.
Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry. Volume 1: Fundamentals and Analytical
Methods. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.Hal. 1, 14, 18
[22] Gea, S. 2010. Innovative Bio-Nanocomposites Based on Bacterial Cellulose. A
Thesis Submitted to The University of London for The Degree of Doctor of
Philosophy. London.Hal. 14, 36-37.
[23] Habibi, Y., Lucia, L.A., dan Rojas, O.J. 2010.
Cellulose Nanocrystals:
Chemistry, Self-Assembly, and Applications. Chemical Reviews. 110: 3479– 3500.
[24] Aulia, Fenny; Marpongahtun dan Gea, Saharman. 2013. Studi Penyediaan
Nanokristal Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS). Jurnal Saintia Kimia Vol. 1,
No. 2. 2013.
[25] Segal, L. 1959. An Empherical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystalinity
of Native Cellulose using the X-Ray Diffractometer. Text. Res. J. 29, 786-794.
[26] Silvério, Hudson Alves., Wilson Pires Flauzino Neto., Noélio Oliveira Dantas.,
Daniel Pasquini. 2013. Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals
from Corncob for Application As Reinforcing Agent in Nanocomposites. Industrial
Crops and Product: 44 427-436.
[27] Park, Sunkyu., John O Baker., Michael E Himmel., Philip A Parilla and David K
Johnson. 2010. Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact
on interpreting cellulase performance. Biotechnology for Biofuels 3:10.
[28] Scherrer P. 1918. Bestimmung der Grösse und der inneren Struktur von
Kolloidteilchen mittels Röntgenstrahlen. Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 26 pp 98-100.
69
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[29] Masyithah, Zuhrina. 2010. Optimasi Sintesis Surfaktan Alkanolamida dari Asam
Laurat dengan Dietanolamina dan n-Metil Glukamina secara Enzimatik. Universitas
Sumatera Utara. Medan.
[30] Wahid, Zaharah. 1998. Potential for Process Improvement of The Rubber Glove
Manufacturing Process- An Industrial Case Study. University of Newcastle upon
Tyne.
[31] Ng, M. C., Hasnida, A. dan Kamarudin, S. 2013. Reduction of Defects in Latex
Dipping Production : A Case Study in a Malaysian Company for Process
Improvement. The International Journal of Engineering and Science.
[32] Stokoe, A.L. 1972. Heat Ageing of Rubbers. NTIS. England.
[33] Hamaguchi, H., Samejima, Y. and Kani, N. 2009. A Study of Aging Effect on
Rubber Bearings After About Twenty Years In Use. 11th World Conference on Seismic
Isolation, Energy Dissipation and Active Vibration Control of Structure.
[34] Surya, I., Ismail, H., and Azura, A. R. 2013. Alkanolamide as an accelerator,
filler-dispersant and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds. Polymer
Testing 32(8) : 1313-1321.
[35] Kamil, E., Khoesoema, E. Dan Harahap, H. 2012. Pengaruh Biodegradasi dengan
Teknik Penanaman pada Produk Lateks Karet Alam Berpengisi Tepung Kulit Pisang
yang Diputihkan dengan Hidrogen Peroksida. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 1, No.2.
[36] Harahap, H., Surya, I., Kamil, E., Khoesoema, E., and Surya, E. 2013. The Effect
of Drying Temperature on Mechanical Properties of The Natural Rubber Latex
Products Filled With Kaolin Modified Alkanolamide. Journal of Asean ++ 2013 :
Moving Forward.
[37] ISO 124. 2011. Latex, Rubber Determination of Total Solid Content.
[38] ISO 188. 2011. Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic- Accelerated Aging and
Heat Resistance Tests.
70
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[39] Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S. 2001. Introduction To Spectroscopy
: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
Singapore.
[40] Dufresne, A., Caville, J., Vignon, M., 1997. “Mechanical behavior of sheets
prepared from sugar beet cellulose microfibrils”. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 64, 1185–1194.
[41] Lin, Ning dan Dusfresne, Alain. 2014. Surface Chemistry, Morphological
Analysis and Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Gradiented Sulfation Degree.
The Royal Society Chemistry Journal. Nanoscale. 5384-5393.
[42] Ioelovich, Michael. 2008. Cellulose as A Nanocstructured Polymer : A Short
Review. Bioresources 3(4), 1403-1418.
[43] Lu, Hongjia., Gui, Yu, Zheng, Longhui dan Liu, Xiong. 2013. Morphological,
Crystalline, Thermal and Physicochemical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals
Obtained From Sweet Potato Residue. Elsevier. Journal of Food Research
International 50, 121-128.
[44] Tan, X. Y., Hamid, S. B. A. dan Lai, C. W. 2015. Preparation of High
Crystallinity Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) by Ionic Liquid Solvolysis. Elsevier.
Biomass and Bioenergy 81, 584-591.
[45] Abraham, E., Deepa, B., Pothan, L. A., John, M., Narine, S. S., Thomas, S., and
Anandjiwala, R. 2013. Physicomechanical Properties of Nanocomposites Based on
Cellulose Nanofibre and Natural Rubber Latex. Cellulose, 20(1), 417-427.
[46] Arayapranee, W dan Rempel, G. L. 2013. Effects of Polarity on the Filler-Rubber
Interaction and Properties of Silica Filled Grafted Natural Rubber Composites.
Journal of Polymers Volume 2013, Article ID 279529.
[47] Mariano, Marcos., Kissi, Nadia El., dan Dufresne, Alain. 2014. Cellulose
Nanocrystals and Related Nanocomposites: Review of Some Properties and
Challenges. Journal of Polymer Scienc, Part B: Polymer Physics.
71
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[48] Ahmed, K., Nizami, S. S., Raza, N. Z. dan Mahmood, K. 2012. Mechanical,
Swelling, and Thermal Aging Properties of Marble Sludge-Natural Rubber Composite.
[49] Chakravarty, S. N. dan Chakravarty, A. 2007. Reinforcement of Rubber
Compounds with Nano-Filler. Kautschuk Gummi Kunststofee 11. p. 619.
[50] Surya, I., Ismail, H. dan Azura, A.R. 2014. The Comparison of Alkanolamide and
Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Silica-Filled Natural Rubber (SMR-L)
Compounds. Journal of Polymer Testing 40, 24-32.
72
Universitas Sumatera Utara