Pengaruh Penambahan Carbon Nanotubes pada Pembuatan Kawat Superkonduktor MgB2
L 1
LAMPIRAN A
ALAT DAN BAHAN PENELITIAN
Mesin Bubut Engine Lathe Cut Off Machine CC 16SB
Model H.G 28 Seri. 281648
405 Hitachi Ltd.
Mesin Grenda
Konvensional
Alat Potong Konvensional
Grenda Tangan Malkita
9553B
Neraca Digital KERN
EW 220-3 NM
Wire Pinning Machine
P2MM Serpong
Ragum Unique Steel
150mm
Wire Rolling Machine
ITB Bandung
Wire Drawing Machine
P2MM Serpong
Dies Drawing P2MM
Serpong
Air Compressor NLGAC1015 220/1 Volt
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 2
Mortar Agate
Jangka Sorong Vernier
Caliper Krisbow KW06357
XRD 7000 Shimadzu
Maxima – UIN Syarief
Hidayatullah Jakarta
ASEM-EDS JEOL
P2MM Serpong
XRD PANanalytical
EMPYREAN
PSTBM BATAN Serpong
Cryogenic Magnet
OXFORD P2MM
Serpong
MgB2 100 mesh 99%
MW-CNT 20-40 nm 90%
SS304
Kawat MgB2 setelah
reduksi
Spesimen kawat MgB2
+ CNT yang akan di
karakterisasi
ROD
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 3
LAMPIRAN B
PERHITUNGAN DATA PENGUJIAN
Bahan
MgB2
CNT
SS304
Densitas
3
2,57 gram/cm
1,60 gram/cm3
7,99 gram/cm3
1. Perhitungan volume tabung SS304
Diameter total SS304
= 6 mm
Diameter dalam SS304
= 4 mm
Ketebalan SS304
= 1 mm
Panjang awal SS304
= 70 mm
Panjang rod penutup
= 10,5 mm
V = π.r 2. t
= 3,14 x 2 2 x 70 mm
= 8792 mm
= 0,8792 cm3
2. MgB2 komersil = MgB2 x Volume tabung SS304
= 2,57 gram/cm3 x 0,8792 cm3
= 2,2595 gram
3. Percampuran = Volume tabung SS304 x (
MgB2 +
CNT
:2)
= 0,8792 cm3 x ( 2,57 gram/cm3 + 1,6 gram/cm3 : 2 )
= 0,8792 cm3 x ( 4,17 gram/cm3 : 2 )
= 0,8792 cm3 x 2,085 gram/cm3
= 1,83313 gram
4. Persentase penambahan CNT
5%
5
= 100 � 1,83313 � ��
= 0,009166 gram
Maka, MgB2 95% pada penambahan persentase fraksi massa
adalah 95% MgB2
= MgB2 komersil – 5 % CNT
= 2,2595 gram – 0,009166 gram
= 2,16788 gram
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 4
10
10 % = 100 � 1,83313 � ��
= 0,183313 gram
Maka, MgB2 90% pada penambahan persentase fraksi massa
= MgB2 komersil – 10 % CNT
adalah 90% MgB2
= 2,2595 gram – 0,183313 gram
= 2,07623 gram
20
20 % = 100 � 1,83313 � ��
= 0,3666 gram
Maka, MgB2 80% pada penambahan persentase fraksi massa
= MgB2 komersil – 20 % CNT
adalah 80% MgB2
= 2,2595 gram – 0,3666 gram
= 1,8929 gram
SS304 tube
Bahan
0%
5%
10%
20%
MgB2
2,2595
2,1678
2,0762
1,8929
CNT
0
0,0916
0,1833
0,3666
5. Perhitungan metal forming – wire drawing
=
=
4
�− �
� 100%
�
�� 2 − 4 �� 2
�� 2
4
� 100%
�� 2 − �� 2
� 100%
=
�� 2
Perhitungan wire drawing pada SS304
=
=
�� 2 − �� 2
� 100%
�� 2
62 − 3,22
� 100%
62
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 5
36 − 10,24
� 100%
36
25,76
=
� 100%
36
=
= 0,7156 %
6. Reduksi area ( r )
��
= 1−
��
2
6 ��
= 1−
3,2 ��
2
= 1 − 1,875 ��
2
= 1 − 3,515 ��
= − 2,515 ��
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 6
LAMPIRAN C
HASIL XRD MATCH DAN PERHITUNGAN KRISTALIN
1. Hasil XRD Sampel 1 MgB2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 7
Dik : FWHM = 0.23280o
B
= 6.467 x 10-4 rad
2θ
= 42.4096o
θ
= 21.2048o
Cos θ
= 0.93229o
λ
= 1,54060 x 10-10 m
k
= 0,94
Dit : ukuran kristal (d) = … ?
Penyelesaian :
Ukuran kristal (d) =
d =
=
�λ
� �
0.94 x 1,54060 x 10 −10 m
6.467�10 −4 0.93229°
1.448164 � 10 −10
6.02911943 � 10 −4
= 0.24 x 10-6 m
�
= 0.24 µm.
2. Hasil XRD Sampel 2 MgB2 + 5% CNT
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 8
3500
FWHM = 0.34820o
3000
Dik : B = 9.667 x 10-4 rad
2500
2θ = 42.3588o = 21.1794o (θ)
Cos θ = 0.932453o
2000
1500
λ = 1,54060 x 10-10 m
1000
k = 0,94
Dit : ukuran kristal (d) = … ?
500
Penyelesaian :
0
42.0
d
=
=
42.5
43.0
43.5
44.0
Ukuran kristal (d) =
�λ
� �
0.94 x 1,54060 x 10 −10 m
9.667�10 −4 0.932453°
1.448164 � 10 −10
9.014 � 10 −4
�
= 0.1606 x 10-6 m
= 0.1606 µm.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 9
3. Hasil XRD Sampel 3 MgB2 + 20% CNT
Peak List:
Pos. [°2Th.]
Height [cts]
FWHM [°2Th.]
d-spacing [Å]
Rel. Int. [%]
25.3533
627.10
0.1617
3.51016
6.01
25.4174
313.55
0.1617
3.51016
3.00
25.9912
487.46
1.8400
3.42543
4.67
26.0569
243.73
1.8400
3.42543
2.33
30.3906
446.60
0.0653
2.93884
4.28
30.4679
223.30
0.0653
2.93884
2.14
30.4859
223.30
0.1348
2.93715
2.14
31.5957
697.65
0.1178
2.82944
6.68
31.6762
348.83
0.1178
2.82944
3.34
31.8423
643.16
0.1582
2.80809
6.16
31.9235
321.58
0.1582
2.80809
3.08
32.2781
549.24
0.1282
2.77116
5.26
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 10
32.3605
274.62
0.1282
2.77116
2.63
33.5705
3464.91
0.2139
2.66737
33.19
33.6564
1732.46
0.2139
2.66737
16.59
34.1998
591.10
0.0775
2.61972
5.66
34.2874
295.55
0.0775
2.61972
2.83
35.6110
339.71
0.2411
2.51907
3.25
35.7025
169.86
0.2411
2.51907
1.63
37.0713
92.22
0.2415
2.42313
0.88
37.1667
46.11
0.2415
2.42313
0.44
37.9860
8.00
4.0000
2.36685
0.08
38.0840
4.00
4.0000
2.36685
0.04
38.8457
122.44
0.2558
2.31643
1.17
42.4888
10439.71
0.3469
2.12586
100.00
42.5995
5219.86
0.3469
2.12586
50.00
44.5659
211.40
1.4298
2.03148
2.02
44.6826
105.70
1.4298
2.03148
1.01
46.1004
110.44
0.6345
1.96737
1.06
46.2215
55.22
0.6345
1.96737
0.53
48.8964
48.78
0.4093
1.86121
0.47
51.9379
1387.69
0.3360
1.75914
13.29
52.0767
693.84
0.3360
1.75914
6.65
55.2324
38.93
0.3070
1.66175
0.37
56.6204
109.22
0.6140
1.62426
1.05
59.9524
1975.92
0.3070
1.54171
18.93
62.3622
282.26
0.8034
1.48780
2.70
62.5346
141.13
0.8034
1.48780
1.35
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 11
63.2338
728.59
0.4100
1.46937
6.98
63.4092
364.30
0.4100
1.46937
3.49
66.0638
251.62
0.5467
1.41312
2.41
66.2490
125.81
0.5467
1.41312
1.21
70.4635
254.90
0.4883
1.33527
2.44
70.6647
127.45
0.4883
1.33527
1.22
76.1671
891.56
0.5938
1.24884
8.54
76.3904
445.78
0.5938
1.24884
4.27
78.8805
44.53
0.4992
1.21255
0.43
Dik : FWHM = 0.3469o
10000
FWHM = 0.3469o
-4
B
= 9.6362 x 10 rad
2θ
= 42.4888o
θ
= 21.2444o
8000
Cos θ
6000
= 0.932o
4000
λ
= 1,54060 x 10-10 m
k
= 0,94
2000
Dit : ukuran kristal (d) = … ?
0
Penyelesaian :
42
Ukuran kristal (d) =
d =
=
43
�λ
� �
0.94 x 1,54060 x 10 −10 m
9.6362�10 −4 0.932°
1.448164 � 10 −10
8.9809384 � 10 −4
= 0.161 x 10-6 m
�
= 0.161 µm.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 12
LAMPIRAN D
HASIL SEM – EDS MAPPING
Morfologi kawat superkonduktor MgB2
Morfologi kawat superkonduktor MgB2 + 5% CNT
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 13
Morfologi kawat superkonduktor MgB2 + 10% CNT
Morfologi kawat superkonduktor MgB2 + 20 % CNT
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 14
LAMPIRAN E
HASIL CRYOGENIC MAGNET – KALEIDAGRAPH
Sampel
Tc
Resistansi (Ohm)
0%
39.58
-2,68 x 10-5
5%
39.16
1,82 x 10-2
10%
33.36
5,87 x 10-3
20%
29,16
1,55 x 10-2
Identifikasi kurva hambat jenis dan temperatur kritis
Kurva dinormalisasi (40K)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 15
LAMPIRAN F
SS304 DATA SHEET
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 16
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 17
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 18
LEMBAR EKSPEDISI PERBAIKAN SKRIPSI
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN A
ALAT DAN BAHAN PENELITIAN
Mesin Bubut Engine Lathe Cut Off Machine CC 16SB
Model H.G 28 Seri. 281648
405 Hitachi Ltd.
Mesin Grenda
Konvensional
Alat Potong Konvensional
Grenda Tangan Malkita
9553B
Neraca Digital KERN
EW 220-3 NM
Wire Pinning Machine
P2MM Serpong
Ragum Unique Steel
150mm
Wire Rolling Machine
ITB Bandung
Wire Drawing Machine
P2MM Serpong
Dies Drawing P2MM
Serpong
Air Compressor NLGAC1015 220/1 Volt
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 2
Mortar Agate
Jangka Sorong Vernier
Caliper Krisbow KW06357
XRD 7000 Shimadzu
Maxima – UIN Syarief
Hidayatullah Jakarta
ASEM-EDS JEOL
P2MM Serpong
XRD PANanalytical
EMPYREAN
PSTBM BATAN Serpong
Cryogenic Magnet
OXFORD P2MM
Serpong
MgB2 100 mesh 99%
MW-CNT 20-40 nm 90%
SS304
Kawat MgB2 setelah
reduksi
Spesimen kawat MgB2
+ CNT yang akan di
karakterisasi
ROD
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 3
LAMPIRAN B
PERHITUNGAN DATA PENGUJIAN
Bahan
MgB2
CNT
SS304
Densitas
3
2,57 gram/cm
1,60 gram/cm3
7,99 gram/cm3
1. Perhitungan volume tabung SS304
Diameter total SS304
= 6 mm
Diameter dalam SS304
= 4 mm
Ketebalan SS304
= 1 mm
Panjang awal SS304
= 70 mm
Panjang rod penutup
= 10,5 mm
V = π.r 2. t
= 3,14 x 2 2 x 70 mm
= 8792 mm
= 0,8792 cm3
2. MgB2 komersil = MgB2 x Volume tabung SS304
= 2,57 gram/cm3 x 0,8792 cm3
= 2,2595 gram
3. Percampuran = Volume tabung SS304 x (
MgB2 +
CNT
:2)
= 0,8792 cm3 x ( 2,57 gram/cm3 + 1,6 gram/cm3 : 2 )
= 0,8792 cm3 x ( 4,17 gram/cm3 : 2 )
= 0,8792 cm3 x 2,085 gram/cm3
= 1,83313 gram
4. Persentase penambahan CNT
5%
5
= 100 � 1,83313 � ��
= 0,009166 gram
Maka, MgB2 95% pada penambahan persentase fraksi massa
adalah 95% MgB2
= MgB2 komersil – 5 % CNT
= 2,2595 gram – 0,009166 gram
= 2,16788 gram
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 4
10
10 % = 100 � 1,83313 � ��
= 0,183313 gram
Maka, MgB2 90% pada penambahan persentase fraksi massa
= MgB2 komersil – 10 % CNT
adalah 90% MgB2
= 2,2595 gram – 0,183313 gram
= 2,07623 gram
20
20 % = 100 � 1,83313 � ��
= 0,3666 gram
Maka, MgB2 80% pada penambahan persentase fraksi massa
= MgB2 komersil – 20 % CNT
adalah 80% MgB2
= 2,2595 gram – 0,3666 gram
= 1,8929 gram
SS304 tube
Bahan
0%
5%
10%
20%
MgB2
2,2595
2,1678
2,0762
1,8929
CNT
0
0,0916
0,1833
0,3666
5. Perhitungan metal forming – wire drawing
=
=
4
�− �
� 100%
�
�� 2 − 4 �� 2
�� 2
4
� 100%
�� 2 − �� 2
� 100%
=
�� 2
Perhitungan wire drawing pada SS304
=
=
�� 2 − �� 2
� 100%
�� 2
62 − 3,22
� 100%
62
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 5
36 − 10,24
� 100%
36
25,76
=
� 100%
36
=
= 0,7156 %
6. Reduksi area ( r )
��
= 1−
��
2
6 ��
= 1−
3,2 ��
2
= 1 − 1,875 ��
2
= 1 − 3,515 ��
= − 2,515 ��
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 6
LAMPIRAN C
HASIL XRD MATCH DAN PERHITUNGAN KRISTALIN
1. Hasil XRD Sampel 1 MgB2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 7
Dik : FWHM = 0.23280o
B
= 6.467 x 10-4 rad
2θ
= 42.4096o
θ
= 21.2048o
Cos θ
= 0.93229o
λ
= 1,54060 x 10-10 m
k
= 0,94
Dit : ukuran kristal (d) = … ?
Penyelesaian :
Ukuran kristal (d) =
d =
=
�λ
� �
0.94 x 1,54060 x 10 −10 m
6.467�10 −4 0.93229°
1.448164 � 10 −10
6.02911943 � 10 −4
= 0.24 x 10-6 m
�
= 0.24 µm.
2. Hasil XRD Sampel 2 MgB2 + 5% CNT
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 8
3500
FWHM = 0.34820o
3000
Dik : B = 9.667 x 10-4 rad
2500
2θ = 42.3588o = 21.1794o (θ)
Cos θ = 0.932453o
2000
1500
λ = 1,54060 x 10-10 m
1000
k = 0,94
Dit : ukuran kristal (d) = … ?
500
Penyelesaian :
0
42.0
d
=
=
42.5
43.0
43.5
44.0
Ukuran kristal (d) =
�λ
� �
0.94 x 1,54060 x 10 −10 m
9.667�10 −4 0.932453°
1.448164 � 10 −10
9.014 � 10 −4
�
= 0.1606 x 10-6 m
= 0.1606 µm.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 9
3. Hasil XRD Sampel 3 MgB2 + 20% CNT
Peak List:
Pos. [°2Th.]
Height [cts]
FWHM [°2Th.]
d-spacing [Å]
Rel. Int. [%]
25.3533
627.10
0.1617
3.51016
6.01
25.4174
313.55
0.1617
3.51016
3.00
25.9912
487.46
1.8400
3.42543
4.67
26.0569
243.73
1.8400
3.42543
2.33
30.3906
446.60
0.0653
2.93884
4.28
30.4679
223.30
0.0653
2.93884
2.14
30.4859
223.30
0.1348
2.93715
2.14
31.5957
697.65
0.1178
2.82944
6.68
31.6762
348.83
0.1178
2.82944
3.34
31.8423
643.16
0.1582
2.80809
6.16
31.9235
321.58
0.1582
2.80809
3.08
32.2781
549.24
0.1282
2.77116
5.26
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 10
32.3605
274.62
0.1282
2.77116
2.63
33.5705
3464.91
0.2139
2.66737
33.19
33.6564
1732.46
0.2139
2.66737
16.59
34.1998
591.10
0.0775
2.61972
5.66
34.2874
295.55
0.0775
2.61972
2.83
35.6110
339.71
0.2411
2.51907
3.25
35.7025
169.86
0.2411
2.51907
1.63
37.0713
92.22
0.2415
2.42313
0.88
37.1667
46.11
0.2415
2.42313
0.44
37.9860
8.00
4.0000
2.36685
0.08
38.0840
4.00
4.0000
2.36685
0.04
38.8457
122.44
0.2558
2.31643
1.17
42.4888
10439.71
0.3469
2.12586
100.00
42.5995
5219.86
0.3469
2.12586
50.00
44.5659
211.40
1.4298
2.03148
2.02
44.6826
105.70
1.4298
2.03148
1.01
46.1004
110.44
0.6345
1.96737
1.06
46.2215
55.22
0.6345
1.96737
0.53
48.8964
48.78
0.4093
1.86121
0.47
51.9379
1387.69
0.3360
1.75914
13.29
52.0767
693.84
0.3360
1.75914
6.65
55.2324
38.93
0.3070
1.66175
0.37
56.6204
109.22
0.6140
1.62426
1.05
59.9524
1975.92
0.3070
1.54171
18.93
62.3622
282.26
0.8034
1.48780
2.70
62.5346
141.13
0.8034
1.48780
1.35
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 11
63.2338
728.59
0.4100
1.46937
6.98
63.4092
364.30
0.4100
1.46937
3.49
66.0638
251.62
0.5467
1.41312
2.41
66.2490
125.81
0.5467
1.41312
1.21
70.4635
254.90
0.4883
1.33527
2.44
70.6647
127.45
0.4883
1.33527
1.22
76.1671
891.56
0.5938
1.24884
8.54
76.3904
445.78
0.5938
1.24884
4.27
78.8805
44.53
0.4992
1.21255
0.43
Dik : FWHM = 0.3469o
10000
FWHM = 0.3469o
-4
B
= 9.6362 x 10 rad
2θ
= 42.4888o
θ
= 21.2444o
8000
Cos θ
6000
= 0.932o
4000
λ
= 1,54060 x 10-10 m
k
= 0,94
2000
Dit : ukuran kristal (d) = … ?
0
Penyelesaian :
42
Ukuran kristal (d) =
d =
=
43
�λ
� �
0.94 x 1,54060 x 10 −10 m
9.6362�10 −4 0.932°
1.448164 � 10 −10
8.9809384 � 10 −4
= 0.161 x 10-6 m
�
= 0.161 µm.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 12
LAMPIRAN D
HASIL SEM – EDS MAPPING
Morfologi kawat superkonduktor MgB2
Morfologi kawat superkonduktor MgB2 + 5% CNT
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 13
Morfologi kawat superkonduktor MgB2 + 10% CNT
Morfologi kawat superkonduktor MgB2 + 20 % CNT
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 14
LAMPIRAN E
HASIL CRYOGENIC MAGNET – KALEIDAGRAPH
Sampel
Tc
Resistansi (Ohm)
0%
39.58
-2,68 x 10-5
5%
39.16
1,82 x 10-2
10%
33.36
5,87 x 10-3
20%
29,16
1,55 x 10-2
Identifikasi kurva hambat jenis dan temperatur kritis
Kurva dinormalisasi (40K)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 15
LAMPIRAN F
SS304 DATA SHEET
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 16
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 17
Universitas Sumatera Utara
L 18
LEMBAR EKSPEDISI PERBAIKAN SKRIPSI
Universitas Sumatera Utara