Soal Olgenas 2013 Outdoor Learning
SOAL OUTDOOR LEARNING OLIMPIADE GEOGRAFI NASIONAL 2013
POS 1
Nama Sekolah
Ketua Kelompok
:
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1. Spesies rumput lari (Spenifex) lebih banyak dijumpai di sekitar pesisir pantai DepokParangtritis dibandingkan dengan spesies cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia).
Padahal jika dilihat dari segi fungsionalnya, keduanya memiliki peran yang penting.
Menurut pendapat Anda, bagaimana korelasi antara jumlah populasi kedua
spesies tersebut dengan kemampuan adaptasinya? Sebutkan faktor yang
menyebabkan itu terjadi?
Jawab :
Gambar 1. Rumput lari (Spenifex)
Gambar 2. Cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia)
Jawab :
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2. Terumbu karang adalah salah satu ekosistem tertua yang secara ekonomi dan biologi
sangat penting di dunia. Terumbu karang juga merupakan habitat bagi ikan-ikan kecil
di laut yang tersebar di hampir seluruh pantai di Indonesia. Namun seperti yang kita
lihat, pantai Depok-Parangtritis tidak mempunyai terumbu karang. Apa yang
menyebabkan hal itu terjadi?
Jawab :
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3. Mengapa Pulau Sulawesi disebut daerah peralihan serta memiliki komunitas
organisme yang berbeda karakteristiknya dengan Pulau Kalimantan dan
Papua?
Jawab :
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SOAL OUTDOOR LEARNING OLIMPIADE GEOGRAFI NASIONAL 2013
POS 2
Nama Sekolah
Ketua Kelompok
:
:
1. Pasir adalah material butiran dengan diameter antara 1/16 hingga 2 mm. Warna pasir
pantai berbeda antara pantai satu dengan lainnya. Sebagai contoh pantai wilayah
Gunungkidul mempunyai pasir pantai yang berwarna putih, sedangkan pantai
Depok-Parangtritis mempunyai pasir pantai yang berwarna hitam. Padahal jika
dilihat, pantai-pantai tersebut sama-sama berada di selatan pulau Jawa. Menurut
Anda, apakah yang menyebabkan perbedaan warna pasir tersebut? Bagaimana
bisa terjadi?
Jawab :
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2. Tanah di bumi ini digolongkan menjadi 3 berdasarkan perkembangannya, yaitu tanah
muda, tanah dewasa dan tanah tua. Karakteristik lapisan tanah yang ada di gumuk
pasir didominasi oleh satu jenis lapisan tanah. Tanah yang ada di gumuk pasir apabila
diklasifikasikan, maka digolongkan ke dalam jenis entisol. Berdasarkan ciri-ciri
tanah yang dimiliki oleh gumuk pasir tersebut, termasuk jenis yang manakah
perkembangan tanah gumuk pasir? Berikan alasan Anda!
Jawab :
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3. Karakteristik air hujan di wilayah yang satu dengan yang lain tentu berbeda. Hal ini
disebabkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas air hujan. Jelaskan
karakteristik air hujan yang ada di wilayah pesisir!
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SOAL OUTDOOR LEARNING OLIMPIADE GEOGRAFI NASIONAL 2013
POS 3
Nama Sekolah
Ketua Kelompok
:
:
1. Pemanfaatan lahan gumuk pasir sebelumnya lebih dititik beratkan pada laboratorium
alam dan wisata (yang belum terlalu intensif) sehingga kelestarian lahan gumuk pasir
masih terjaga. Pemanfaatan gumuk pasir di masa mendatang tentu akan lebih beragam
dibandingkan sekarang. Beberapa kemungkinan konversi lahan gumuk pasir
diantaranya adalah penggunaan untuk permukiman, pertanian pantai (termasuk
perikanan/tambak) dan penambangan pasir. Hal tersebut tentu akan mengurangi
ketersediaan lahan gumuk pasir dan perlahan akan memusnahkan gumuk pasir.
Menurut Anda, pembangunan yang seperti apakah yang seharusnya dilakukan?
Jawab :
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2. Semakin banyak Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) yang ada di wilayah Gumuk Pasir
akan memunculkan pusat-pusat pertumbuhan pemukiman yang tentu tidak ramah
terhadap kelangsungan ekosistem gumuk pasir. Bagaimanakah hal ini bisa
membahayakan kelestarian gumuk pasir? Lalu solusi apa yang perlu
diberlakukan, tanpa mengurangi produktivitas perikanan yang berlangsung di
gumuk pasir?
Jawab :
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3. Sistem akuifer daerah fluviomarine Parangtritis merupakan Subsistem Akuifer
Kompleks Beting Gisik dan Gumuk Pasir dan merupakan sub sistem akuifer yang
bersifat lokal. Pembangunan hotel dan penginapan di Parangtritis berkembang
semakin pesat. Hal ini berbanding lurus dengan kebutuhan air tanah yang semakin
meningkat. Pemanfaatan air bawah tanah yang terus meningkat dapat menimbulkan
dampak negatif terhadap air bawah tanah itu sendiri maupun lingkungan di sekitarnya,
diantaranya berkurangnya jumlah dan menurunnya mutu air bawah tanah, penyusupan
air laut (intrusi) dan amblesan tanah (land subsidence), dengan demikian maka
diperlukan adanya perencanaan pendayagunaan airtanah sehingga pemanfaatan
airtanah dapat dilakukan. Bagaimanakah sebaiknya pengelolaan air tanah di
kawasan pesisir dilakukan?
Jawab :
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POS 1
Nama Sekolah
Ketua Kelompok
:
:
1. Spesies rumput lari (Spenifex) lebih banyak dijumpai di sekitar pesisir pantai DepokParangtritis dibandingkan dengan spesies cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia).
Padahal jika dilihat dari segi fungsionalnya, keduanya memiliki peran yang penting.
Menurut pendapat Anda, bagaimana korelasi antara jumlah populasi kedua
spesies tersebut dengan kemampuan adaptasinya? Sebutkan faktor yang
menyebabkan itu terjadi?
Jawab :
Gambar 1. Rumput lari (Spenifex)
Gambar 2. Cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia)
Jawab :
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2. Terumbu karang adalah salah satu ekosistem tertua yang secara ekonomi dan biologi
sangat penting di dunia. Terumbu karang juga merupakan habitat bagi ikan-ikan kecil
di laut yang tersebar di hampir seluruh pantai di Indonesia. Namun seperti yang kita
lihat, pantai Depok-Parangtritis tidak mempunyai terumbu karang. Apa yang
menyebabkan hal itu terjadi?
Jawab :
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..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
3. Mengapa Pulau Sulawesi disebut daerah peralihan serta memiliki komunitas
organisme yang berbeda karakteristiknya dengan Pulau Kalimantan dan
Papua?
Jawab :
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SOAL OUTDOOR LEARNING OLIMPIADE GEOGRAFI NASIONAL 2013
POS 2
Nama Sekolah
Ketua Kelompok
:
:
1. Pasir adalah material butiran dengan diameter antara 1/16 hingga 2 mm. Warna pasir
pantai berbeda antara pantai satu dengan lainnya. Sebagai contoh pantai wilayah
Gunungkidul mempunyai pasir pantai yang berwarna putih, sedangkan pantai
Depok-Parangtritis mempunyai pasir pantai yang berwarna hitam. Padahal jika
dilihat, pantai-pantai tersebut sama-sama berada di selatan pulau Jawa. Menurut
Anda, apakah yang menyebabkan perbedaan warna pasir tersebut? Bagaimana
bisa terjadi?
Jawab :
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..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. Tanah di bumi ini digolongkan menjadi 3 berdasarkan perkembangannya, yaitu tanah
muda, tanah dewasa dan tanah tua. Karakteristik lapisan tanah yang ada di gumuk
pasir didominasi oleh satu jenis lapisan tanah. Tanah yang ada di gumuk pasir apabila
diklasifikasikan, maka digolongkan ke dalam jenis entisol. Berdasarkan ciri-ciri
tanah yang dimiliki oleh gumuk pasir tersebut, termasuk jenis yang manakah
perkembangan tanah gumuk pasir? Berikan alasan Anda!
Jawab :
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..........................................................................................................................................
3. Karakteristik air hujan di wilayah yang satu dengan yang lain tentu berbeda. Hal ini
disebabkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas air hujan. Jelaskan
karakteristik air hujan yang ada di wilayah pesisir!
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SOAL OUTDOOR LEARNING OLIMPIADE GEOGRAFI NASIONAL 2013
POS 3
Nama Sekolah
Ketua Kelompok
:
:
1. Pemanfaatan lahan gumuk pasir sebelumnya lebih dititik beratkan pada laboratorium
alam dan wisata (yang belum terlalu intensif) sehingga kelestarian lahan gumuk pasir
masih terjaga. Pemanfaatan gumuk pasir di masa mendatang tentu akan lebih beragam
dibandingkan sekarang. Beberapa kemungkinan konversi lahan gumuk pasir
diantaranya adalah penggunaan untuk permukiman, pertanian pantai (termasuk
perikanan/tambak) dan penambangan pasir. Hal tersebut tentu akan mengurangi
ketersediaan lahan gumuk pasir dan perlahan akan memusnahkan gumuk pasir.
Menurut Anda, pembangunan yang seperti apakah yang seharusnya dilakukan?
Jawab :
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..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. Semakin banyak Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) yang ada di wilayah Gumuk Pasir
akan memunculkan pusat-pusat pertumbuhan pemukiman yang tentu tidak ramah
terhadap kelangsungan ekosistem gumuk pasir. Bagaimanakah hal ini bisa
membahayakan kelestarian gumuk pasir? Lalu solusi apa yang perlu
diberlakukan, tanpa mengurangi produktivitas perikanan yang berlangsung di
gumuk pasir?
Jawab :
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..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
3. Sistem akuifer daerah fluviomarine Parangtritis merupakan Subsistem Akuifer
Kompleks Beting Gisik dan Gumuk Pasir dan merupakan sub sistem akuifer yang
bersifat lokal. Pembangunan hotel dan penginapan di Parangtritis berkembang
semakin pesat. Hal ini berbanding lurus dengan kebutuhan air tanah yang semakin
meningkat. Pemanfaatan air bawah tanah yang terus meningkat dapat menimbulkan
dampak negatif terhadap air bawah tanah itu sendiri maupun lingkungan di sekitarnya,
diantaranya berkurangnya jumlah dan menurunnya mutu air bawah tanah, penyusupan
air laut (intrusi) dan amblesan tanah (land subsidence), dengan demikian maka
diperlukan adanya perencanaan pendayagunaan airtanah sehingga pemanfaatan
airtanah dapat dilakukan. Bagaimanakah sebaiknya pengelolaan air tanah di
kawasan pesisir dilakukan?
Jawab :
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