DAFTAR ISI - SIMULASI GANGGUAN HUBUNG SINGKAT DAN PENANGANAN RELE DIFFERENSIAL SEBAGAI PROTEKSI TRANSFORMATOR DAYA 30 MVA DI GARDU INDUK SAYUNG - Unissula Repository
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................................. i
SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ..................................................... iii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ............................................................... iv
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ILMIAH ............................... v
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN DAN MOTTO ................................................ vi
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xv
ABSTRAK (Bahasa Indonesia)......................................................................... xvi
ABSTRACT (Bahasa Inggris).......................................................................... xvii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ......................................................................... 1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 2
1.3 Pembatasan Masalah............................................................................... 2
1.4 Tujuan Penelitan ..................................................................................... 2
1.5 Metode Penelitian ................................................................................... 3
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 3
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA & DASAR TEORI........................................ 5
2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka..................................................................................... 5
2.2 Sistem Proteksi ....................................................................................... 6
2.3 Tujuan Sistem Proteksi ........................................................................... 6
2.4 Transformator ......................................................................................... 7
2.5 Gangguan Pada Transformator ............................................................... 7
2.5.1 Gangguan tahap awal......................................................................... 8
2.5.2 Gangguan didalam daerah pengaman ................................................ 8
2.5.3 Gangguan diluar daerah pengaman ................................................... 9
2.6 Gangguan Hubung Singkat (Short Circuit Fault)................................. 10
2.6.1 Gangguan Hubung Singkat Tiga Fasa / Line-Line-Line (LLL) ....... 10
2.6.2 Gangguan Hubung Singkat Satu Fasa ke Tanah / Line-Ground (LG) ......................................................................................................... 11
2.6.3 Gangguan Hubung Singkat Dua Fasa / Line-Line (LL)................... 11
2.6.4 Gangguan Hubung Singkat Dua Fasa ke Tanah / Line-Line-Ground (LLG)............................................................................................... 12
2.7 Upaya Mengatasi Gangguan ................................................................. 13
2.8 Trafo Tegangan / Potential Transformer (PT) ..................................... 13
2.9 Trafo Arus / Current Transformer (CT) ............................................... 14
2.9.1 Karakteristik Trafo Arus.................................................................. 15
2.9.2 Rasio Trafo Arus ............................................................................. 15
2.10 Pemutus Daya ....................................................................................... 16
2.11 Rele ....................................................................................................... 19
2.11.1 Fungsi Rele Proteksi ........................................................................ 19
2.11.2 Klasifikasi Rele Proteksi ................................................................. 20
2.11.3 Rele Differensial.............................................................................. 21
2.11.4 Fungsi Rele Differensial .................................................................. 22
2.11.5 Daerah Pengaman Rele Differensial................................................ 23
2.11.6 Prinsip Kerja Rele Differensial........................................................ 26
2.11.7 Karakteristik Rele Differensial ........................................................ 27
2.11.8 Pemasangan Rele Differensial ......................................................... 28
2.11.9 Setting Rele Differensial.................................................................. 29
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................ 33
3.1 Lokasi dan Objek Penelitian ................................................................. 33
3.2 Data Penelitian...................................................................................... 34
3.3 Pengenalan ETAP 12.6 ......................................................................... 40
3.3.1 Fitur dan Komponen ETAP ............................................................. 41
3.3.2 Merancang Single Line Diagram dan Penyettingan Komponen Pada
Software ETAP 12.6 ........................................................................ 44
3.3.3 Load Flow Analysis ......................................................................... 45
3.4 Prosedur / Tahap Penelitian .................................................................. 47
3.5 Metode Penelitian ................................................................................. 48
BAB IV ANALISA DAN PERHITUNGAN .................................................... 49
4.1 Perhitungan Matematis ......................................................................... 49
4.1.1 Perhitungan rasio CT ....................................................................... 49
4.1.2 Error mismatch................................................................................ 50
4.1.3 Arus sekunder CT ............................................................................ 51
4.1.4 Arus Differensial ............................................................................. 52
4.1.5 Arus restrain (penahan)................................................................... 52
4.1.6 Percent slope (setting kecuraman) .................................................. 52
4.1.7 Arus setting (I set ) .............................................................................. 53
4.2 Simulasi Gangguan dengan Menggunakan Software ETAP 12.6 ........ 54
4.2.1 Simulasi ETAP Ketika Kondisi Normal.......................................... 54
4.2.2 Simulasi ETAP Gangguan Dalam ................................................... 54
4.2.3 Simulasi ETAP Gangguan Luar ...................................................... 59
4.3 Perhitungan Manual Arus Gangguan Hubungan Singkat dan Perbandingan Nilai ............................................................................... 72
4.3.1 Perhitungan arus gangguan hubung singkat 3 fasa .......................... 72
4.3.2 Perhitungan arus gangguan hubung singkat satu fasa ke tanah ....... 73
4.3.3 Perhitungan arus gangguan hubung singkat antar fasa .................... 73
BAB V PENUTUP............................................................................................ 78
5.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 78
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 78
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 79
LAMPIRAN......................................................................................................... 80
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1 Gangguan hubung singkat satu tiga fasa .................................................... 10 Gambar 2. 2 Gangguan hubung singkat satu fasa ke tanah............................................. 11 Gambar 2. 3 Gangguan hubung singkat fasa ke fasa ...................................................... 12 Gambar 2. 4 Gangguan hubung singkat dua fasa ke tanah ............................................. 12 Gambar 2. 5 Rangkaian Trafo Tegangan ........................................................................ 14 Gambar 2. 6 Rangkaian Trafo Arus ................................................................................ 14 Gambar 2. 7 Karakteristik Trafo Arus (CT) Pada Rele Differensial .............................. 15 Gambar 2. 8 Skema Prinsip Kerja Pemutus Daya Minyak ............................................. 17
Gambar 2. 9 Rele Differensial ........................................................................................ 22 Gambar 2. 10 Rele Differensial Saat Kondisi Normal...................................................... 24 Gambar 2. 11 Rele Differensial Saat Gangguan Eksternal .............................................. 25 Gambar 2. 12 Rele Differensial Saat Gangguan Internal.................................................. 25 Gambar 2. 13 Rele differensial dalam keadaan normal .................................................... 26 Gambar 2. 14 Gangguan di luar daerah proteksi............................................................... 27 Gambar 2. 15 Gangguan di dalam daerah proteksi ........................................................... 27 Gambar 2. 16 Karakteristik Rele Differensial .................................................................. 28 Gambar 3. 1 Lokasi Gardu Induk 150 KV Sayung dalam peta ...................................... 33 Gambar 3. 2 Lokasi Gardu Induk 150 kV Sayung .......................................................... 33 Gambar 3. 3 Single Line Diagram Gardu Induk Sayung 30 MVA................................. 34 Gambar 3. 4 Tampilan awal software ETAP 12.6 .......................................................... 41 Gambar 3. 5 Mode Toolbar pada ETAP 12.6 ................................................................. 41 Gambar 3. 7 AC Edit Toolbar pada ETAP 12.6 ............................................................. 43 Gambar 3. 8 Instrumentation Element ............................................................................ 43
Gambar 3. 9 DC Element ................................................................................................ 44 Gambar 3. 10 Single Line Diagram Gardu Induk Sayung Pada ETAP 12.6 .................... 45 Gambar 3. 11 Tampilan Load Flow dari simulasi ETAP 12.6.......................................... 46
Gambar 4. 1 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat kondisi normal dalam ETAP 12.6 ............................................................................................................ 54
Gambar 4. 2 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 3 fasa dalam transformator di ETAP 12.6 ............................................................ 55 Gambar 4. 3 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan 3 fasa transformator di ETAP 12.6. 56 Gambar 4. 4 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke fasa dalam transformator di ETAP 12.6 .................................................... 56 Gambar 4. 5 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan fasa ke fasa transformator di ETAP
12.6 ............................................................................................................ 57 Gambar 4. 6 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke tanah dalam transformator di ETAP 12.6 .................................................. 57 Gambar 4. 7 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan fasa ke fasa transformator .............. 58 Gambar 4. 8 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 2 fasa ke tanah dalam transformator di ETAP 12.6 .................................................. 58 Gambar 4. 9 Tampilan report gangguan fasa ke tanah transformator di ETAP 12.6 ..... 59 Gambar 4. 10 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 3 fasa di busbar 150 kV di ETAP 12.6 ..................................................................... 59 Gambar 4. 11 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 3 fasa di busbar 20 kV di ETAP 12.6 ....................................................................... 60 Gambar 4. 12 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan 3 fasa di busbar 20 kV.................... 60 Gambar 4. 13 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 3 fasa diantara CT1 dan CT2................................................................................ 61 Gambar 4. 14 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan 3 fasa di busbar 20 kV.................... 62 Gambar 4. 15 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 3 fasa diantara CT3 dan CT4................................................................................ 62 Gambar 4. 16 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke fasa di busbar 150 kV ................................................................................ 63 Gambar 4. 17 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke fasa di busbar 20 kV .................................................................................. 63 Gambar 4. 18 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan fasa ke fasa di busbar 20 kV .......... 64 Gambar 4. 19 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke fasa diantara CT1 dan CT2 ........................................................................ 64 Gambar 4. 20 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan fasa ke fasa diantara CT1 dan CT2 65
Gambar 4. 21 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke fasa diantara CT3 dan CT4 ........................................................................ 65 Gambar 4. 22 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke tanah di busbar 150 kV .............................................................................. 66 Gambar 4. 23 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke tanah di busbar 20 kV ................................................................................ 66 Gambar 4. 24 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan fasa ke tanah di busbar 20 kV ........ 67 Gambar 4. 25 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke tanah di antara CT1 dan CT2 ..................................................................... 67 Gambar 4. 26 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan fasa ke tanah diantara CT1 dan CT2
................................................................................................................... 68 Gambar 4. 27 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan fasa ke tanah di antara CT3 dan CT4 ..................................................................... 68 Gambar 4. 28 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 2 fasa ke tanah di busbar 150 kV .............................................................................. 69 Gambar 4. 29 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 2 fasa ke tanah di busbar 20 kV ................................................................................ 69 Gambar 4. 30 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan 2 fasa ke tanah di busbar 20 kV ..... 70 Gambar 4. 31 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 2 fasa ke tanah diantara CT1 dan CT2 ...................................................................... 70 Gambar 4. 32 Tampilan sequence viewer gangguan 2 fasa ke tanah di antara CT1 dan
CT2 ............................................................................................................ 71 Gambar 4. 33 Koordinasi rele differensial dan rele OCR saat terjadi gangguan 2 fasa ke tanah diantara CT3 dan CT4 ...................................................................... 71
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3. 1 Data CT Sisi 150 kV ........................................................................................ 34 Tabel 3. 2 Data CT sisi 20 kV........................................................................................... 35 Tabel 3. 3 Data Trafo Tenaga ........................................................................................... 35
Tabel 3. 4 Hasil Uji Rele Differensial............................................................................... 35 Tabel 3. 5 Data Setting Rele Differensial ......................................................................... 36 Tabel 4. 1 Perhitungan Rasio Sisi 150 kV ........................................................................ 51 Tabel 4. 2 Perhitungan Rasio Sisi 20 kV .......................................................................... 51 Tabel 4. 3 Hasil Perhitungan Id dan Isetting..................................................................... 53 Tabel 4. 4 Hasil Perbandingan Rating Arus Gangguan Hubung Singkat ......................... 76