PROGRAM ARDUINO int rain_pin = A0; int ldr_pin = A1; int rain_sensor = 0; int ldr_sensor = 0; int In1 = 2; int In2 = 3; int pwmpin = 5; int limit_keluar = 6; int limit_masuk = 7; int limit_out; int limit_in;

  PROGRAM ARDUINO int rain_pin = A0; int ldr_pin = A1; int rain_sensor = 0; int ldr_sensor = 0; int In1 = 2; int In2 = 3; int pwmpin = 5; int limit_keluar = 6; int limit_masuk = 7; int limit_out; int limit_in; void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(In1, OUTPUT); pinMode(In2, OUTPUT); pinMode(pwmpin, OUTPUT); pinMode(limit_keluar, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(limit_masuk, INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() {

// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

rain_sensor = analogRead(rain_pin); ldr_sensor = analogRead(ldr_pin); // Serial.print(rain_sensor); // Serial.print(" , "); // Serial.println(ldr_sensor); if(rain_sensor<800 || ldr_sensor<200){ simpan(); } else{ jemur(); } // jemur(); // simpan(); }

  { do{ digitalWrite(In1, LOW); digitalWrite(In2, HIGH); analogWrite(pwmpin, 255);

limit_out = digitalRead(limit_keluar);

} while(limit_out == HIGH); digitalWrite(In1, LOW); digitalWrite(In2, LOW); analogWrite(pwmpin, 0); Serial.println("jemur"); } void simpan() { do{ digitalWrite(In1, HIGH); digitalWrite(In2, LOW); analogWrite(pwmpin, 255);

limit_in = digitalRead(limit_masuk);

} while(limit_in == HIGH); digitalWrite(In1, LOW); digitalWrite(In2, LOW); analogWrite(pwmpin, 0); Serial.println("simpan"); }

  

The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the

ATmega328 (Arduino Nano 3.0) or ATmega168 (Arduino Nano 2.x). It has more or less

the same functionality of the ArduinoDuemilanove, but in a different package. It lacks only

a DC power jack, and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one. The Nano

was designed and is being produced byGravitech.

  Arduino Nano 3.0 (ATmega328):

Arduino Nano 2.3 (ATmega168):Note: since the free version of

Eagle does not handle more than 2 layers, and this version of the Nano is 4 layers, it is

published here unrouted, so users can open and use it in the free version of Eagle.

  Microcontroller Atmel ATmega168 or ATmega328 Operating Voltage (logic level)

  5 V Input Voltage (recommended)

  7-12 V Input Voltage (limits) 6-20 V Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) Analog Input Pins

  8 DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA Flash Memory

  16 KB (ATmega168) or 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 2 KB used by bootloader SRAM

  1 KB (ATmega168) or 2 KB (ATmega328) EEPROM 512 bytes (ATmega168) or 1 KB (ATmega328) Clock Speed

  16 MHz Dimensions 0.73" x 1.70" The Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power supply (pin 30), or 5V regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected to the highest voltage source.

  The FTDI FT232RL chip on the Nano is only powered if the board is being powered over USB. As a result, when running on external (non-USB) power, the 3.3V output (which is supplied by the FTDI chip) is not available and the RX and TX LEDs will flicker if digital pins 0 or 1 are high.

  The ATmega168 has 16 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 2 KB is used for the bootloader); the ATmega328 has 32 KB, (also with 2 KB used for the bootloader). The ATmega168 has 1 KB of SRAM and 512 bytes of EEPROM (which can be read and written with th; the ATmega328 has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM.

  Each of the 14 digital pins on the Nano can be used as an input or output, usingunctions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

   Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB-to-TTL Serialchip.  External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See thunction fordetails.  PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with thunction.  SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which, althoughprovidedbytheunderlyinghardware,isnotcurrentlyincludedintheArduinolanguage.  LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it'soff.

  The Nano has 8 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using theunction. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality: _{2 2}

   I

C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support I

  C (TWI) communication using thocumentation on the Wiringwebsite). There are a couple of other pins on the board:

   AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used wit  Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on theboard.

  See also the

  The Arduino Nano has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega168 and ATmega328 provide UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An FTDI FT232RL on the board channels this serial communication over USB and thencluded with the Arduino software) provide a virtual com port to software on the computer. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the FTDI chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).

  llows for serial communication on any of the Nano's digital pins. The ATmega168 and ATmega328 also support I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see theor details. To use the SPI communication, please see the ATmega168 or ATmega328 datasheet.

  The Arduino Nano can be programmed with the Arduino software Select "ArduinoDiecimila, Duemilanove, or Nano w/ ATmega168" or "ArduinoDuemilanove or Nano w/ ATmega328" from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the

  The ATmega168 or ATmega328 on the Arduino Nano comes preburned with ahat allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol

  You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header; seeor details.

  Rather then requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Nano is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the FT232RL is connected to the reset line of the ATmega168 or ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of theupload. This setup has other implications. When the Nano is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Nano. While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives one-time configuration or other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending thisdata.

  

Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its

surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The microcontroller on the board is

programmed using th Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with

software on running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP). Arduino is a cross- platoform program. You’ll have to follow different instructions for your personal OS. Check on th

Once you have downloaded/unzipped the arduino IDE, you’ll need to install the FTDI Drivers to let your PC

talk to the board. First Plug the Arduino to your PC via USB cable.

  Now you’re actually ready to “burn” your first program on the arduino board. To select “blink led”, the physical translation of the well known programming “hello world”, select File>Sketchbook> Arduino- 0017>Examples> Digital>Blink Once you have your skecth you’ll see something very close to the screenshot on the right. In Tools>Board select Arduino NANO and with the AtMEGA you’re using (probably 328) Now you have to go to Tools>SerialPort and select the right serial port, the one arduino is attached to.

  1. Warranties

  

1.1 The producer warrants that its products will conform to the Specifications. This warranty lasts for one (1) years from the date of

the sale. The producer shall not be liable for any defects that are caused by neglect, misuse or mistreatment by the Customer, including

improper installation or testing, or for any products that have been altered or modified in any way by a Customer. Moreover, The

producer shall not be liable for any defects that result from Customer's design, specifications or instructions for suc h products. Testing

and other quality control techniques are used to the extent the producer deemsnecessary.

  

1.2 If any products fail to conform to the warranty set forth above, the producer's sole liability shall be to replace such products. The

producer's liability shall be limited to products that are determined by the producer not to conform to such warranty. If the producer

elects to replace such products, the producer shall have a reasonable time to replacements. Replaced products shall be warranted for a

new full warrantyperiod.

  1.3 EXCEPT AS SET FORTH ABOVE, PRODUCTS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND "WITH ALL FAULTS." THE PRODUCER

DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING PRODUCTS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO,

ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE

  1.4 Customer agrees that prior to using any systems that include the producer products, Customer will test such systems and the functionality of the products as used in such systems. The producer may provide technic al, applications or design advice, quality

characterization, reliability data or other services. Customer acknowledges and agrees that providing these services shall not expand or

otherwise alter the producer's warranties, as set forth above, and no additional obligations or liabilities shall arise from the producer providing suchservices.

  

1.5 The Arduino  products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications where a failure of the product would reasonably

be expected to cause severe personal injury or death. Safety-Critical Applications include, without limitation, life support devices and  systems, equipment or systems for the operation of nuclear facilities and weapons systems. Arduino products are neither designed nor intended for use in military or aerospace applications or environments and for automotive applications or environment. Customer

   acknowledges and agrees that any such use of Arduino products which is solely at the Customer's risk, and that Customer is solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with suchuse.

  1.6 Customer acknowledges and agrees that it is solely responsible for compliance with all legal, regulatory and safety-related

requirements concerning its products and any use of Arduino  products in Customer's applications, notwithstanding any applications-

related information or support that may be provided by theproducer.

  2. Indemnification The Customer acknowledges and agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the producer from and against any and all third-party losses, damages, liabilities and expenses it incurs to the extent directly caused by: (i) an actual breach by a Customer of the representation and warranties made under this terms and conditions or (ii) the gross negligence or willful misconduct by the Customer.

  3. Consequential Damages Waiver In no event the producer shall be liable to the Customer or any third parties for any special, collateral, indirect, punitive, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages in connection with or arising out of the products provided hereunder, regardless of whether the producer has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This section will survive the termination of the warranty period.

  4. Changes tospecifications

The producer may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. The Customer must not rely on the absenc e

or characteristics of any features or instructions marked "reserved" or "undefined." The producer reserves these for future d efinition and shall have

no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The product information on the Web Site or Materials is subject to change without notice. Do not finalize a design with this information.

  Data pack F Issued March 1997 232-3816

  Light dependent resistors DataSheet

  NORP12 RS stock number 651-507 NSL19-M51 RS stock number 596-141

  Electrical characteristics Two cadmium sulphide (cdS) photoconductive cells withspectralresponsessimilartothatofthehuman

  T = 25°C. 2854°K tungsten light source

  A

  eye.Thecellresistancefallswithincreasinglightinten-

  Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units

  sity.Applicationsincludesmokedetection,automatic lightingcontrol,batchcountingandburglaralarmsys- tems.

   Cell resistance 1000 lux - 400 - 

• 10 lux 9 - k Dark resistance -

  1.0 - -  M

  Guide to source illuminations Dark capacitance - - 3.5 - pF

  Lightsource Illumination(Lux)

  Rise time 1 1000 lux 2.8 ms - -

  Moonlight

  0.1

  ms

• 18 - 10 lux

  60W bulbat1m

  ms Fall time 2 1000 lux - 48 -

  501WMESbulbat0

  ms

• 10 lux 120

  .1m 100

  1. Dark to 110%R L

  Fluorescentlighting 500 _L

  2. To 10 ×R Brightsunlight 30,000 R L = photocell resistance under given illumination.

  Circuit symbol Features ● Wide spectralresponse ● Lowcost ● Wideambienttemperaturerange.

  Dimensions

  Light memory characteristics

  Lightdependentresistorshaveaparticularpropertyin thattheyrememberthelightingconditionsinwhich theyhavebeenstored.Thismemoryeffectcanbe minimisedbystoringtheLDRsinlightpriortouse. Lightstoragereducesequilibriumtimetoreach steady resistancevalues.

  (RS stock no. 651-507)

  NORP12

  Absolute maximum ratings Voltage,acordcpeak

  320VC urrent 75mAP owerdissipationat30°C 250mW

  232-3816

  Figure 1 Power dissipation derating Figure 3 Resistance as a function of illumination

• 1Ftc=10.764 lumens

  Figure 2 Spectral response

  Absolute maximum ratings

  Voltage,acordcpeak 100V Current

  5mAPowerdi ssipationat25°C 50mW*Oper atingtemperaturerange -25°C+75°C

  232-3816

• Derate linearly from 50mW at 25°C to 0W at 75°C. Electrical characteristics
• k  k  Dark resistance 10 lux after 10 sec 20 - - M  Spectral response - - 550 - nm

  Figure 4 Resistance as a function illumination Dimensions

  Figure 5 Spectral response

  Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Cell resistance 10 lux 100 lux

  20

  5 100

  Rise time 10ftc - 45 - ms Fall time 10ftc - 55 - ms

  232-3816 Typical application circuits

  Figure 6 Sensitive light operated relay Figure9Logarithmiclawphotographiclightmeter

  1 Typical value R = 100k  Relayenergisedwhenlightlevelincreasesabovethe level set byVR ¹ ₂ R = 200k preset to give two overlapping ranges.

  (Calibrationshouldbemadeagainstanaccuratemeter.)

  Figure 7 Light interruption detector Figure10Extremelysensitivelightoperatedrelay

    AsFigure6relayenergisedwhenlightleveldrops (Relayenergisedwhenlightexceedspresetlevel.) belowthelevelsetbyVR ₁ Incorporatesabalancingbridgeandop-amp.R ^{1 and} NORP12maybeinterchangedforthereversefunction.

  Figure 8 Automatic light circuit

  1 _{TheinformationprovidedinRStechnicalliteratureisbelievedtobeaccurateandreliable;however,RSComponentsassumesnoresponsibilityforinaccuracies} Adjust turn-on point with VR _{tsorotherrightsofthirdpartieswhichmayresultfromitsuse. SpecificationsshowninRSComponentstechnicalliteraturearesubjecttochangewithoutnotice.}

oromissions,orfortheuseofthisinformation,andalluseofsuchinformationshallbeentirelyattheuser’sownrisk.NoresponsibilityisassumedbyRSComponentsforanyinfringementsofpaten

  T T h h i i c c k k F F i i l l m m T T e e c c h h n n o o l l o o g g y y S S e e n n s s o o r r A A p p p p l l i i c c a a t t i i o o n n s s

• – –

  RAINSENSOR

  In this document we would describe an easy interface to use the Telecontrolli capacitive rain sensor. Telecontrolli rain sensor is made of thick- film technology. It is made up of three parts:

   Capacitivesensor  Heatergenerator  Temperature sensor On the top side you can find the capacitive sensor. This side part is exposed to the natural agents (rain) while on the bottom side there are the heater generator, the temperature sensor and the connection interface (sixpads). Each function of the rain sensor has stand-alone connections compared to the other in the same mode; so the user has more flexibility in the design of hardwareinterface. The capacitive sensor has a rain sensitive area, which in dry conditions assumes the nominal value. Moreover in presence of the rain, the capacitance goes to high values compared to dry conditions and the ratio changing is over 300%. In the table_1 is explained how the capacitance changes in the ratio of percentage of the sensitive area when covered byrain.

  

Sensitive area Capacitanc Ratio

Capacitanc

e

e

  % Dry % pF % water 100 100

  75 25 176

  76

  50 50 232 232 100 ≥359 ≥359

  Table_1

  T T h h i i c c k k F F i i l l m m T T e e c c h h n n o o l l o o g g y y

• – – S S e e n n s s o o r r A A p p p p l l i i c c a a t t i i o o n n s s

  RAINSENSOR

  To read the changing of sensor capacitance, we may adopt two strategies:  Frequency measurements (countermode)  Pulse measurements (timermode) The simplest hardware which satisfies both strategies is a low cost microcontroller and few other parts. In the diagrams_1 are showed the two hardware strategies for the capacitive sensor interface.

  diagrams_1

  On the bottom side of “rain sensor” you have one temperature sensor like NTC by Epcosp/n

  B57620C0102K with a nominal resistance value of 1000 Ohm @ 25°C.

  This sensor may be used to monitor the environment temperature and to control the heather generator to avoid frost and dump. ^{+5V C2 R8 TCrainsensor U2A SENS2 uC_counter 6 4 5}

• ^{+5V R9 TC rain sensor SENS3}
^{1 uC_COMP 6 4 A 5 C P _ S E N S H EA T ER N T C 7 1 4 C A P _ S E N S H EA T ER N T C}

  T T h h i i c c k k F F i i l l m m T T e e c c h h n n o o l l o o g g y y

• – – S S e e n n s s o o r r A A p p p p l l i i c c a a t t i i o o n n s s

  RAINSENSOR In the table_2 is reported the Epcos R/T characteristic (resistance/temperature).

  T ( °C ) Rnom ( Ohm ) Rmin ( Ohm ) Rmax

  ( Ohm )

• -5 3564 3068 4061

  2832 2457 3206

  5 2267 1983 2552

  10 1829 1611 2046

  15 1486 1318 1653

  20 1215 1086 1344

  25 1000 900,0 1100

  30 828,2 740,2 916,1 35 689,9 612,8 767,0 40 577,8 510,2 645,5 45 486,6 427,1 546,1 50 411,8 359,4 464,3 55 350,2 303,9 396,5 60 299,2 258,2 340,2 65 256,7 220,4 293,1 70 221,2 188,9 253,5 75 191,4 162,6 220,1 80 166,2 140,5 191,9 85 144,8 121,9 167,8

  Table_2

  T T h h i i c c k k F F i i l l m m T T e e c c h h n n o o l l o o g g y y

• – – S S e e n n s s o o r r A A p p p p l l i i c c a a t t i i o o n n s s

  RAINSENSOR In the diagram_2 is showed a simple method for the NTC conditioning.

diagram_2

  To drive the heather you need only one low cost NPN transistor with Ic ≤ 500mA / VCE ≥ 25V for 12V standard bus voltage. The nominal resistance is 42 Ω and in this condition the current is I= 0.285A. It produces a power of P=3.43W. In the table_3 is reported the time that occurs to the heather to rise different temperatures of rain sensor.

  The test has been done on a capacitive sensor with a dry surface.

  ∆t ( sec ) °C Sensor Substrat e

  R_NTC ( Ohm ) ∆t ( sec )

  °C Sensor Substrat e

  R_NTC ( Ohm ) 27 930

  90 76.

  5 188 15 41 550 105 78 175

  30 54 360 120 79 169

  45 62 280 135 81.

  5 163 60 68.5 238 150 82.

  5 160 75 73.5 206 165 83.

  5 156 ^{TC rain sensor SENS4 +5V 1 R10 6 uC_A/D R11 4 A 5 C P _ S E N S H E A T ER N T C}

  T T h h i i c c k k F F i i l l m m T T e e c c h h n n o o l l o o g g y y S S e e n n s s o o r r A A p p p p l l i i c c a a t t i i o o n n s s

• – –

  RAINSENSOR table_3

  To estimate the time/power (Joule) that needs to evaporate some grams of water it is possible to use the approximative formula:

  Time ( sec ) = grams_of_ humidity * 663 Conclusion The use of the Telecontrolli rain sensor is the simplest way to design your own applications.

  Inthefollowing diagramthewholehardwareneedsforthecompleterainsensormanagement.

• _{+5V C1}

  RAINSENSOR _{+5V SENS1 R4 TC rain sensor S E N R2 R3 7 8 U1 VCC PCI NT/RESET/ ADC0/PB5 PCI NT3/CLKI/ADC3/PB3 1 2} R1 _{C A P _} S _{4 6 12 V CN1 +5V NT C}

  5 _{Q1 R6 R7 D1 R5}

• _+5V
_{12 V CN2 2 1 H EA T} ER _{IndiceRevisioni : Proprietà di telecontrollis.r.l. Title} Disegnato _{Date: Mo nday , Nov e mber 03,2008 Sheet Si ze Docume nt Number A4 440016223 RAI N SENSORI NTERF ACE A. Cennerazzo 1 of 1 Rev Draf t} Comunicazioni, riproduzioni e utilizzazionivietatesalvocomunicazionescrittapreventiva diagram_3